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Pozycja Open Access Właściwości chemiczne gliniastych gleb uprawnych o zróżnicowanej rzeźbie terenu z uwzględnieniem zbiorowisk roślinnych po piętnastu latach odłogowania. Część I. Właściwości chemiczne gleb(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Malinowski, Ryszard; Niedźwiedzki, Edward; Kutyna, Ignacy; Meller, Edward; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w SzczecinieThe fifteen year period of the fallowing of a loamy soil of a differentiated land relief caused an increase, as compared with the results of the studies carried out in 1994, in the soil acidity in all the studied elements of the relief. After such a long period of fallowing, no distinct changes were observed in humus resources, in the C : N ratio and in the content of available phosphorus. Whereas the resources of available potassium and magnesium increased in the soil layer up to a depth of 60 cm.Pozycja Open Access Assessment of the progress of integrated pest management products implementation into agricultural production space(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Zatoń, Kinga; Błaszak, Magdalena; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was aimed at assessing the progress of integrated pest management (IPM) implementation into agricultural practices. Assessment of farmers’ attitude to the new EU policy to reduce the use of insecticides as well as evaluating the real possibilities of biological methods use for plant protection was analyzed. Almost 60% of farmers whose farms were conducted in a conventional system declared the use of pesticides prophylactically. Farmers conducted intensive agriculture do not know the principles of IPM (prohibition of pesticides abuse). However, it is possible that these farmers know the restrictions introduced in 2014 without accepting them. It has been observed that in the group of farmers declaring the knowledge upon principles of IPM, the proportion of respondents aware of pesticides ecotoxicity increases. Therefore, a continuous education of farmers seems justified, but at simultaneous expanding the range of biological products and support mechanisms for farmers, who quit the intensive use of chemicals.Pozycja Open Access Metabolic potential of bacteria strains isolated from poultry industry waste(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Wrońska, Ilona; Cybulska, Krystyna; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinMicrobial composition of poultry industry wastes was very diverse. They are inhabited by microorganisms that use organic substance to their growth. An appropriate composition of microorganisms is very important in the organic matter decomposition rate. Therefore, microorganisms that contribute to decomposition of several compounds are quite desired. The study dealt with the evaluation of metabolic activity of bacterial strains towards lipids, protein, and starch. The strains were isolated from the poultry waste environment. Metabolic potential of bacterial strains was determined based on the activity index and taking into account the hydrolysis zone diameter and colony diameter. Bacterial strains to a different degree decomposed the organic compounds. Their metabolic activity and direction towards substrates depended on the type of isolated bacterial strains.Pozycja Open Access Influence of distillation apparatus and distillation time on the yield and chemical composition of winter savory essential oil(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Wesołowska, Aneta; Grzeszczuk, Monika; Jadczak, Dorota; Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of the studies conducted in 2014–2015 was to determine the influence of distillation apparatus as well as distillation time on the yield and chemical composition of winter savory (Satureja montana L.) essential oil. Isolation of the essential oil from S. montana herb, collected during flowering period, was carried out using two different distillation apparatuses: Deryng and Clevenger. Moreover, different distillation times (2, 3 and 4 hours) were also applied. The obtained essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of 47 compounds in the essential oils obtained in Deryng and Clevenger apparatus, respectively. Carvacrol (54.44–68.53%) was the major constituent of all S. montana oil samples. Other important compounds were: γ-terpinene (5.21–8.67%), p-cymene (4.40–9.53%), α-terpinene (1.20–2.04%) and β-caryophyllene (4.58–5.77%). On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the time of distillation of S. montana herb in Deryng apparatus had no significant effect on its content. However, the amount of volatile oil obtained in Clevenger apparatus was significantly influenced by distillation time. Moreover, there was no significant effect of the distillation time on the amount of the main essential oil constituents obtained with both types of apparatuses. However, there was a significant interaction found between the constituent and the distillation time.Pozycja Open Access Response of soil peroxidases to 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with tetrafluoroborate anion(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Telesiński, Arkadiusz; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of study was to determine effect of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with tetradluoroborate anion on activity of soil peroxidases. The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions with samples of loamy sand (Corg 8.71 g · kg–1, pHKCl 6.36), sandy loam (Corg 10.92 g · kg–1, pHKCl 6.81) and sandy clay loam (Corg 33.81 g · kg–1, pHKCl 7.13). Samples were sieved through a 2-mm mesh, and then three ionic liquids: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4], 1-bhexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [HMIM][BF4], and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [OMIM][BF4] at the dosages of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg · kg–1 were added to soil. Activity of peroxidases was measured spectrophotometrically on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 112. Application of different dosages of all ILs caused mainly significant changes in activity of peroxidases. Changes in activity of peroxidases depended on the dosage of ionic liquids, incubation time, and soil properties. The effect of ILs on activity of peroxidases increased not only with an increasing dosage, but also with elongation of alkyl substituents in the cation. The highest impact of ILs on activity of peroxidases was observed in loamy sand.Pozycja Open Access Dart markers linked with genes controlling restoration of male fertility in hybrid rye cultivars with improved pollen shedding(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Stojałowski, Stefan; Hanek, Monika; Orłowska, Marta Orłowska; Sobczyk, Martyna; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinIn this study, we aimed to apply a high-throughput genotyping method to map genes important for the restoration of male fertility in a hybrid cultivar of rye containing the Pampa sterilizing cytoplasm. The diversity arrays technology (DArT) was used to analyse 48 individuals of the F2 population obtained by crossing the male-sterile S305P line with a plant randomly chosen in the Gonello F1 cultivar. In addition to DArT markers, a set of previously published PCR-based markers was also used for genotyping. In total, more than 3300 markers were used in this study. A mapping analysis allowed a construction of seven linkage groups containing 763 markers covering a total distance of approximately 520 cM. Eighty molecular markers were applied to identify genomic regions important for the male fertility restoration. Their distribution indicated the presence of a major and minor restorer genes on chromosomes 4RL and 1R, respectively. These results were consistent with previous reports on the genetic control of the male fertility in the CMS-Pampa. Moreover, new molecular markers located in chromosomal regions significantly associated with the restoration of male fertility were found as well, including PCR-based markers converted from the DArT markers.Pozycja Open Access Effects of deficiency and excess of phosphorus and potassium in hydroponics on selected physiological and biometrical traits of basket willow (Salix viminalis L.)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Rokosa, Marta; Mikiciuk, Małgorzata; Wróbel, Jacek; Łowicka, Milena; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinBasket willow (Salix viminalis L.) is one of so-called energy crops, which are used to renewable energy source. In conducted research rated effects of deficiency and excess of phosphorus and potassium on selected physiological traits of two willow genotypes: ‘Bjor’ and ‘Tora’ in hydroponics. The purpose of the study was to select genotype which is more resistant to disturbed trophic relationships in the environment. To full Hoagland medium (control sample) added 20% and 40% phosphorus and potassium and also reduced the content of these elements by 20% and 40%. A number of shoots produced by plants, the length the shoots, yield of the fresh and dry mass of the aboveground and root systems and water balance of both examined willows were determined. The results indicated that the ‘Tora’ and ‘Bjor’ are similarly resistant to variable nutritional conditions by phosphorus and potassium.Pozycja Open Access Effect of sodium fluoride on some morphological and physiological parameters of 10-day-old seedlings of various plant species(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pelc, Justyna; Smolik, Beata; Krupa-Małkiewicz, Marcelina; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinFluorine is one of the most toxic elements for plants resulting from its high electronegativity. Fluorine compounds, the penetration into the plant tissue, may cause a variety of physiological and biochemical changes. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of 10 mM sodium chloride (NaF) on morphological parameters (root length, shoot length) and physiological parameters (proline, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in leaves of 10-day-old seedlings of various species of crop plants under laboratory conditions. Results obtained in this experiment showed that fluoride adversely affecting the morphological parameters and physiological parameters of the test plants when compared to control. Among 10 studied plants, three species (barley, radish ‘Minowase Summer Cross’, lupine) indicated high tolerance to NaF compared to the other tested plants. The most sensitive to lead exposure were wheat, radish ‘Carmen’, alfalfa, sunflower, tomato.Pozycja Open Access Fungal contamination in poultry waste during the industrial processing(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Oraibi, Sanaa Mahdi; Cybulska, Krystyna; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe poultry industry produces large amounts of waste that include solid waste and waste water. Although, numerous studies have been conducted on microbial associates with various stages related to poultry and meat products processing. Only a few studies have been reported on fungal exists of poultry wastes. The aim of this study investigation of fungi associated with different poultry wastes. The sample of poultry wastes included feathers, slime, biological sludge and compost. The samples were taken at various times in peroid from 2015–2016 from different poultry slaughter houses. Isolation of fungi was performed by serial dilution and plating methods on Rose Bengal Agar (RBA), medium supplemented with antibiotic. Identification of fungi was carried out by microscopic and genetic analysis 18S ribosomal RNA gene. The number of fungi (cfu · g–1 d.m.) were isolated from chicken and goose feathers 103–104, from duck and turkey feathers even 106–107, compost 103–105, slime – 104 and biological sludge – 104–106. From the overall analysis, the dependence between the number of fungi and various type of samples and the season of taking the samples were found and type of poultry slaughter houses.Pozycja Open Access Effects of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid on the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) plant growing under conditions of salt stress(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Mikiciuk, Małgorzata; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Wróbel, Jacek; Ptak, Piotr; Studziński, Mateusz; Rokosa, Marta; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study conducted in 2016 at the Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry at the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin was to evaluate the effect of exogenous application of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) on the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of basket willow growing under conditions of elevated salt concentration. The first experimental factor was the concentration of sodium chloride (control – complete Hoagland medium, 3.0 g NaCl ∙ dm–3) and second was the concentration of 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (control – complete Hoagland medium, 138 mg ∙ dm–3). The Tora clone tolerated a short period of exposure to the NaCl concentration, as evidenced by high values of Performance Index (PI), Area, and maximum, potential efficiency of photochemical reaction in PS II determined after darkening adaptation, after reduction of acceptors in PS II (FV/FM). Longer plant exposure to salinity resulted in a decrease value of TFM parameter in the Tora clone, and PI and FV/FM in Bjor clone. The application of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid had a varied effect on chlorophyll "a" fluorescence induction parameters of basket willow growing under salt stress conditions. The use of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid increased the parameters such as chlorophyll fluorescence growth time from the beginning of the measurement to the maximum (TFM) and FV/FM in the Bjor clone with prolonged exposure to higher NaCl concentrations. For the Tora clone, the PI value decreased.Pozycja Open Access Physiological reaction of basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) to zinc excess(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Malinowska, Katarzyna; Wróbel, Jacek; Mikiciuk, Małgorzata; Studziński, Mateusz; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe influence of zinc salt, in a concentration range of 50 to 650 mg · dm–3, on the physiological response of basket willow was studied on Bjor, Tora and Jorr varieties which were grown in hydroponics. Content of chloroplast pigments, relative water content (RWC), water saturation deficit (WSD), intensity of assimilation and transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate of water use efficiency (WUE) and instantaneous photosynthetic rate of water use (WUEI) were determined in leaves. It was observed that the decrease in concentration of tested physiological parameters correlated with the increase of zinc salt doses in the medium. The assimilation and transpiration of basket willow were significantly limited by stomata. The addition of zinc salt to the medium increased water saturation deficit in leaves of all three Salix viminalis verities.Pozycja Open Access The effects nano-silver on contamination of spring barley ‘Eunova’ in vitro(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Krupa-Małkiewicz, Marcelina; Ochmian, Ireneusz; Mijowska, Kamila; Cendrowski, Krzysztof; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Horticulture, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin,; Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinOne of the available methods to control in vitro contaminations is nano-silver. Nanosilver is a non-toxic material which shows high capabilities in eliminating microorganisms, e.g., bacteria, viruses or fungus. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential of nano- -silver particles on decontamination, growth parameters (plant length, root length) and leaves colour of spring barley ‘Eunova’ in in vitro culture. Plant material consisted of embryos of barley which were placed on MS medium supplemented with 4.0 and 6.0 0 mg ・ dm–3 of nano-silver or submerged in 50 or 100 0 mg ・ dm–3 of nano-silver for 2 or 4 h. The control consisted of embryos treated with 70% alcohol. After 28 days it was observed, that both of the disinfection methods, operating time as well as concentrations of nano-silver, had an influence on a number of contaminations, shoot and root length and colour of the barley leaves. The smallest efficiency (100% contaminations) was found after embryos submerged in 50 mg dm-3 of nano-silver for 2 h. On the other hand, the best disinfection efficiency (0% infection) was obtained when 4.0 0 mg ・ dm–3 nano-silver was added to MS medium. Barley embryos soaked in 100 mg ・ dm–3 in nano-silver solution and grown on MS media with addition of nano-silver independent of their concentration showed similar disinfection effectiveness.Pozycja Open Access Impact of form and dose of nitrogen fertilizers on the technological value of spring triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Stankowski, Sławomir; Sobolewska, Magdalena; Jaroszewska, Anna; Michalska, Bożena; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Meteorology and Shaping Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe field experiment conducted in 2013–2014 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik (53o42′ N, 14o97′ S), West Pomeranian Technological University in Szczecin, on light, good rye complex soil. The experimental material consisted of spring triticale grain of 'Nagano' cv. The first experimental factor was the type of fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate was used, ammonium and nitrate forms of nitrogen, as well as Sulfammo 30 N PRO, ammonium and amide forms of nitrogen. The second experimental factor was doses of nitrogen fertilization: 0 (control), 40, 80, 120 kg N . ha–1. Determined the selected physico-chemical quality traits of grain and farinographic properties of dough. No significant effect of the applied nitrogen fertilizer type and nitrogen fertilization dose was observed on: TGW, test weight, grain fraction, falling number and Zeleny index of the spring triticale grain,. The highest content of proteins were in grain of spring triticale fertilized with the dose of 120 kg N . ha–1. The increasing nitrogen fertilization increased the water absorption of flour and dough stability, while reduced the degree of dough softening. Sulfammo 30 N-Pro significantly improved the dough stability as compared to the ammonium nitrate. There were significant, positive correlations between: protein content in spring triticale grain and dough development time and its stability.Pozycja Open Access The effectiveness of disinfection methods on germination of goji seeds (Lycium barbarum L.) in in vitro culture(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Kruczek, Arleta; Krupa-Małkiewicz, Marcelina; Ochmian, Ireneusz; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinUsing disinfectant components is one of main ways to control of fungal and bacterial contaminations in the in vitro culture. Alternative to commonly used chemicals is ozonation. The present study was focused on the efficiency of seeds disinfection of two goji cultivars ‘A’ and ‘New Big’ using eight different treatments, 7%, 10% and 15% NaOCl and 0.2% HgCl2 for 15 minutes each, O3 gas and O3 in water for 5 and 15 minutes. The highest percentage of germinated seeds of ‘A’ and ‘New Big’ (respectively 62% and 78%) with the lowest number of infections (respectively 8% and 14%) was obtained after using 7% NaOCl solution. Less effective was 0.2% HgCl2 solution, where the percentage of germinated seeds of ‘A’ and ‘New Big’ was lower (respectively 37% and 30%). However, after O3 in water treatment of goji ‘A’ and ‘New Big’ for 15 minutes the percentage of germinated seeds was the highest (respectively 47%, and 53%) and sterility of the cultures of goji ‘A’ was 100%. In addition to, the ozonation of the seeds showed similar disinfection efficiency, as with 15% NaOCl solution. Therefore, ozone gas makes an alternative for commonly used disinfectants.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of the variability of registered cases of lyme disease among workers of private agriculture in west pomeranian voivodship(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Stawicki, Tomasz; Department of Engineering the Agrotechnic Systems, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe analysis of incidence to Lyme disease (Borreliosis) in West Pomeranian Voivodship within 2005–2014, in particular with taking into consideration the cases of Lyme disease diagnosed as an occupational disease among the persons providing work in individual agriculture, has been executed pursuant to the epidemiological data obtained from the sanitary stations. In total, 46 cases of Lyme disease were found among individual farmers within the examination period and they were considered as an occupational pathology in the form of an administrative decision. The distribution of the number of cases of diagnosed occupational disease was characterised by the growing trend at the average growth of the coefficient of incidence to Lyme disease per year - 2.38 cases to one hundred thousand of the persons working in agriculture. The results obtained indicate the growing risk of occurrence of Lyme disease among the persons working in agriculture, however the interpretation of the estimated measures of exposure is not clear. It results from the fact that observed dynamics of the changes of epidemiological status may result from a real growing of the occupational exposure in agriculture (e.g. in the aftermath of environmental changes) and, which is more probable, from a cumulative synergy of the environmental factors, growing awareness of farmers and more effective medical diagnostics.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of changes in water management light soil following application of different tillage systems and forecrops(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Schiller, Marta; Podsiadło, Cezary; Stankowski, Sławomir; Pużyński, Stanisław; Michalska, Bożena; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Meteorology and Shaping Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was conducted in a static experiment established in 1993 in the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik (near Stargard Szczeciński). Bi-factorial field experiment was set up in the perpendicular bands pattern of randomized sub-blocks in four replicates. Studied factor consisted of the farming systems used for winter wheat after different forecrops (faba beans, sugar beet). Analysed physical properties, shaping water management in light soil, changed depending on the previous crop grown and the amount of rainfall in the growing season. In years with larger rainfall deficits, the soil in the position after faba bean was characterized by a higher density, current humidity, and non-capillary porosity. It referred to the aeration porosity in the position after sugar beet. During years with less rainfall deficiency, the bulk density was increased after sugar beet, while non-capillary porosity decreased after faba bean. Giving up the plowing sowing for the benefit of plowless system or direct sowing modifies some physical properties of topsoils. There was an increase in bulk density and non-capillary porosity. Higher values of bulk density of the soil, listed on the objects, where the applied technologies without plowing, especially on light soils may promote the growth and development of plants commodities, including winter wheat.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of macronutrients content in winter wheat grain of spelt type (Triticum aestivum ssp spelta L.) depending on crop protection, seeding standards and variety(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Gawęda, Dorota; Haliniarz, Małgorzata; Hury, Grzegorz; Gibczyńska, Marzena; Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin; Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of crop protection and seeding ratio on the contents of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium) in grain of two spelt cultivars: Polish ‘Rokosz’ and German ‘Schwabenspelz’. The field experiment was conducted in Czesławice in 2014–2015 on lessive soil developed from loess classified as good wheat complex and II bonitation class, slightly acidic. The plowing layer of the soil was characterized by a high content of available forms of phosphorus, potassium and average magnesium. Material for analysis consisted of winter spelt grain. The first experimental factor: winter spelt varieties; second factor: two seeding ratios; third factor: crop protection. The harvest was performed at full grain maturity stage. Content of three basic macronutrients in spelt grain: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, was varied for cultivars. Meanwhile two cultivars did not differ with the amount of magnesium and calcium in grain. ‘Schwabenspelz’ was more abundant than ‘Rokosz’ regarding to studied macronutrients. The increase of plant density resulted in significant reduction in the nitrogen content and increase in the amount of phosphorus in winter spelt grain. The amount of plant density did not affect the abundance of spelt grain in relation to metals included in macronutrients occurring at plants. The crop protection treatments of winter spelt did not impact on the macronutrients content in grain.Pozycja Open Access Feasibility of using Festuca arundinacea for regeneration of grasslands by means of full cultivation method on organic soil(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Czyż, Henryk; Jänicke, Heidi; Kitczak, Teodor; Bury, Marek; Department of Soil Science, Grassland Science and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Soil Science, Grassland Science and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Landesforschungsanstalt fűr Landwirtschaft und Fischerei MV in Dummerstorf, Germany; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was carried out in the Randow river valley, on grassland belonging to the farm – Raminer Agrar GmbH & Co (Germany). Restoration of grassland located on organic soil, was carried out using the full cultivation method. The study included mixtures with the predominant participation of Festuca arundinacea. The assessment included the characteristics of floristic composition, sodding, and general appearance of meadow sward, level of yielding, and uniformity of biomass production during the growing season. The average results from the years of research (2012, 2013 and 2015) showed that the applied mixtures were similar in terms of yield, although the mixture of Festuca arundinacea with Dactylis glomerata – 50% each, and the mixture of Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne – should be distinguished. Of the studied varieties, Festuca arundinacea (‘Lipalma’, ‘Kora’, ‘Hykor’, ‘Fawm’), the greatest production potential characterized the Hykor cv. Festuca pratensis and Phleum pratense appeared to be less useful for multi-cutting management. Overall results show considerable usefulness of Festuca arundinacea in mixtures with Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne and Festulolium for the regeneration of grassland on organic soilsPozycja Open Access Temporal and spatial variability of heat load in Szczecin(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Mąkosza, Agnieszka; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinOn the basis of hourly values of air temperature, relative humidity of air, wind speed and cloudiness, the dimensionless index of heal load (HL) was determined for two stations in Szczecin representing the very city centre (Piłsudskiego Street) and its northern outskirts (Łączna Street). The analysis of HL values for the period 2005–2010 demonstrates a pronounced spatial as well as temporal variability of biothermal conditions in Szczecin. It was found that regardless of the analysed time period, higher values of HL were recorded in the city centre than on the outskirts. The frequency of saving conditions (HL 0.931–1.185) in a year was, on average, 52% in the city centre and 44% on the outskirts. The toughening conditions (HL 0.811–0.930, 1.186–1.600) were recorded with the frequency of total 38% (Piłsudskiego Street) and 29% (Łączna Street). The least favourable biothermal conditions (HL ≤ 0.750 ≥1.750) with the greatest load on the human organism occurred only on 10% of days in a year in the city centre and 27% of days on the outskirts of Szczecin.Pozycja Open Access Soil conditions and xerothermic grasses communities within the western edge of the Oder in the vicinity of Szczecin(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Malinowski, Ryszard; Paprota, Dariusz; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinBased on 29 relevés were made in the area of the edge of Western Oder (Ustowo– –Pargowo) two xerothermic grass associations were distinguished. Potentillo-Stipetum capillatae phytocoenon is internally differentiated into the typical variant and the one with a significant share of shrub communities with Rhamno-Prunetea. Apart from numerous species of xerothermic grasses, the structure of the association is formed by sandy grasses taxa with Koelerio glaucae- -Corynephoretea canescentis (Sedum acre, Festuca ovina and Helichrysum arenarium are particularly frequent). Patches of this phytocoenon are found both on soils poorly formed by erosion (SY) made of clayey sands and on typical eutrophic brown soils (BEt) formed of light loam. Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati phytocoenoses form dense grasslands with the dominance of Brachypodium pinnatum and the grasses of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea (Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata) together with the significant share of shrub communities species with Rhamno-Prunetea. Patches of vegetation have developed mainly on typical eutrophic brown soils (BEt) formed of sandy loam and light loam. Typologically varied soils found on the slopes of the edge are characterized by alkaline reaction and a significant content of calcium carbonate. Southern and south-eastern exposition of the slopes and soil conditions are favourable for the occurrence of xerothermic and sandy grasslands. Frequent and numerous presence of shrub communities species (Rhamno-Prunetea) in some patches of both associations, as well as grasses of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, indicate an intermediate stage in the succession toward the development of seminatural communities as well as shrub communities. In order to preserve the unique flora and the plant communities in the area it should be used extensively (grazing, mowing).