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Open Access
Analysis of profitability of raw milk production in a commercial farm before and after Poland's accession to the EU
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Stanisławski, Daniel; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Nowak, Anna K.; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences,; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences,; Computer Lab, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences
The aim of this study was to analyse milk production profitability over a period of more than a decade in a commercial farm in terms of two periods: prior to Poland's accession to the EU (from 1998 to April, 2004) and after accession (from May, 2004 to 2012). Obtained source data made it possible to calculate mean annual values for the following items in these calculations: the number of cows, production of milk sold, production of milk to be fed, milk sales price, calf rearing, sales of slaughter cattle, sales of culled cows, total income from milk production, direct costs, feed costs, handling costs, indirect costs including depreciation, total milk production costs, direct costs per 1 l produced milk, total costs per 1 l produced milk, profit/loss from cattle production, profit/loss from 1 l produced milk, value of production per 1 cow, profit/loss from milk production per 1 cow, the ratio of milk sales price to production costs and profitability index for milk production. Within this study data were also collected on profit/loss per 1 l produced milk and milk production profitability indexes in the analysed years. It was shown that following Poland's accession to the EU in the analysed farm statistically highly significant changes were observed in income and costs connected with the production of raw milk. Values of these parameters increased in comparison to the previous period. An increase was recorded in milk production and profit per 1 cow, which was most probably a consequence of breeding work and gained genetic progress and increased productivity in the herd. However, when comparing the period before and after Poland's accession no statistically significant differences were found for profit/loss per 1 l produced milk and milk production profitability indexes. The post-accession period in relation to the previous period was characterised by more dynamic changes in profitability indexes for raw milk production, which resulted in a lesser stability in profitability for this branch of animal production.
Open Access
Analysis of renal expression of TRPM6 and TRPM7 in growing piglets fed a diet supplemented with inulin –type fructans. A pilot study
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Michałek, Katarzyna; Medeńska, Weronika; Pietrzak, Sandra; Staśkiewicz, Łukasz; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences Jabłonna
A diet enriched with inulin-type fructans has multidirectional, beneficial health effects for both humans and animals. The benefits of such a modified diet include increased intestinal absorption of micro- and macrominerals, including magnesium (Mg2+). It is generally known that Mg2+ is involved in many biological processes, and a disruption of its homeostasis during the growth and development may result in a number of adverse changes. Maintaining the proper balance of Mg2+ involves many mechanisms and factors, among them the recently identified protein TRPM6 and TRPM7 (transient receptor potential melastin 6 and 7). Since the available literature lacks any information about TRPM6 and TRPM7 in farm animals, including swine, we have undertaken this research aimed at identification of these proteins in the kidney of growing piglets and analysis of the impact of diets supplemented with inulin-type fructans on their expressions. The study was performed on 16 male, PIC x Penarlan P76 crossbred piglets. Animals were divided into two groups: the control was fed a standard diet and the treatment group was fed a diet supplemented with 3% aqueous solution of inulin-type fructans. As a result of the study, using Western blotting, we found TRPM6 and TRPM7 in the kidneys of growing piglets. We also found that renal expression of TRPM6 increased in the animals treated with a diet supplemented with inulin-type fructans. Expression of TRPM7, on the other hand, did not change. The increase in TRPM6 expression in the supplement-treated animals presumably contributed to an increased renal retention of Mg2+. The changes in the expression of TRPM6 seem to be a positive effect of the dietary supplementation with inulin-type fructans.
Open Access
Analysis of the effect of the order of calving, calf sex and milk yield of cows on growth parameters of limousin calves
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Wróbel, Agnieszka; Cioch, Cioch; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The study was taken in the farm located in West Pomerania province where Limousine cattle in purity of breed were kept. The study included a total of 226 Limousine calves in purity of breed, which were born between 2011 and 2014. Data relating to the rearing of calves were obtained from breeding documentation carried out on the farm. Aim of work was to analyze the effect of order of calving, calf sex and milk yield of cows on growth parameters of Limousin calves. Analysis showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01) impact of subsequent calving on birth weight of calves. Calves born in the first calving achieved a significantly lower birth weight (32.4 kg) than calves born in next calving (2–4) (respectively, 36.5 kg, 37.3 kg, 37.9 kg). In the case of weaning weight and daily gains were found significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between bulls and heifers. These factors in bulls were: 267.3 kg and 1093.3 g, while in heifers, respectively, 256.3 kg, 1048.7 g. There has been a significant impact of milk yield of cows on weaning weight and daily gains of calves. Calves whose mothers were characterized by higher milk yield (> 2000 kg) gained respectively 268.3 kg weaning weight and daily gain 1000.5 g. In the group of calves whose mothers were characterized by a lower milk yield (1501–2000 kg), these factors were respectively 244.8 kg and 993.2 g.
Embargo
Aquaporins in bovine sperm: promising target for male reproductive strategy
(Elsevier B.V., 2026) Michałek, Katarzyna; Zych, Sławomir; Gączarzewicz, Dariusz; Marynowska, Marta; Oberska-Łuszczewska, Patrycja; Syczewski, Andrzej; Mockus, Ernestats; Bartkiene, Elena; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Laboratory of Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Genetic and Animal Husbandry, Mierzyn, Poland; Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania; Institute of Animal Rearing Technologies, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
The search for new indicators for assessing the quality of cryopreserved semen is necessary to reduce the number of ineffective insemination procedures in cattle. Aquaporins (AQPs) are small transmembrane proteins that facilitate the transport of water and other small solutes across the membrane. In this study we identified and localized AQP3, AQP7, AQP8 and AQP11 in frozen-thawed bull spermatozoa and investigated the relationship between their expression and specific semen quality parameters, as well as the concentrations of free amino acids (AA), biogenic amines (BA), and the composition of fatty acids (FA) in spermatozoa and seminal plasma. The collected cryopreserved semen samples were classified into two groups: high (H) and low (L) sperm motility. The analysis showed that the percentage of spermatozoa with intense AQP3 staining in the midpiece, and diffuse AQP7 staining in the post-acrosomal region and midpiece, was significantly higher in the H group. Furthermore, AQP3, AQP7 and AQP8 expression showed positive correlations with multiple semen quality parameters and concentrations of selected AA and FA. The results indicate that the analysis of aquaporin distribution in spermatozoa, particularly AQP3 and AQP7, may serve as a useful parameter for assessing the quality of cryopreserved semen in future studies. Detailed analysis of their location and expression allowed for the determination of the potential role of these proteins in the osmoadaptation process to the hypertonic environment of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
Open Access
Aquaporins in male reproductive system: a chance for paternity or a road to nowhere?
(Wiley Online Library, 2023-01) Michałek, Katarzyna; Oberska, Patrycja; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University 7 of Technology in Szczecin, Poland
Aquaporins (AQPs) – small, “unusual” proteins, whose discovery revolutionized the view of membrane transport of water and other small molecules, are essential for all living organism. AQPs located in the male reproductive system seem to play a key role in the proper course of many processes occurring within it, and thus maintaining a high reproductive potential.
Open Access
Assessment of the quality of raw milk purchased depending on the production scale
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Wójcik, Jerzy; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Pilarczyk, Renata; Rzewucka-Wójcik, Edyta; Jaszczowska, Jadwiga; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The purpose of the conducted studies was the assessment of the quality of raw milk purchased by the dairy plant, including the purchase volume, the quality of the raw milk and the seasonality of its purchase. Farms were divided by the amount of milk produced: 1 group to 5000 kg of milk per month; 2 groups 5001–10 000 kg of milk; 3 groups of 10 001 to 15 000 milk per month; 4 group over 15 000 kg of milk per month. A slightly higher percentage of fat in milk from group 4 was found. The microbiological purity of milk was similar in all groups, highlighting the small LKS and OLB. The existing seasonality of production has been observed. The production volume during the summer period was about 18% higher. It seems appropriate to continue to specialize farms and introduce in the bigger farms the full-year feeding system (TMR).
Open Access
The Association Between Erα/ Bgli Genotypes and Milk Performance in Holstein-Friesian and Jersey Cattle. Preliminary Study
(Wydawnictwo Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Wasilewska, Małgorzata; Tabor-Osińska, Sara; Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
Modern farming asks many questions which science has answers to. While selecting animals for further breeding, many aspects should be taken under consideration, like an animal's phenotypic and genetic features. Marker-assisted selection is a useful tool for judging an animal's genetic value. There are many well-known genetic factors responsible for efficiency of animal production and many of which still need to be studied in more depth. The following study examines the association between ERα/ BglI genotypes and milk performance in cattle. Two breeds were analysed in this study (Jersey and Holstein-Friesian red and white) and from the data gathered there is evidence to suggest that polymorphisms in the gene influences milk yield in these breeds. Three genotypes were identified: GG, AG, AA. The data pertaining to milk yield of both herds received from the farmers shows that the efficiency of milk production is the highest in the GG homozygotes and the lowest in the AG heterozygotes. This suggests a strong link between these genetic variants and the effective production of milk. However, to confirm the association between the polymorphic traits of the studied gene and milk production traits, it would be necessary to run a study on a larger group of cattle and to use infomration about their further lactation cycles.
Open Access
Association of Polymorphism of Choosen Genes with Production Traits in Dairy Cattle
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Jadwiżak, Weronika; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
Polymorphisms of DGAT1, ABCG2, SCD1 and PPARGC1A genes significantly affect the milk, fat and protein yield and chemical composition of milk. Depending on the type of polymorphism, they increase or decrease the milk, fat and protein yield as well as fat and protein content in milk. Based on the research carried out by numerous authors, it can be concluded that genotyping animals for polymorphism of selected genes and using this information in breeding programs for selection supported by markers, which will allow the development of populations with the most desirable production characteristics is right.
Open Access
Biology and parasitology of european beaver (Castor fiber L. 1758) – selected issues
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Sikorowski, Karol; Niemiec, Tomasz; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Makarski, Mateusz; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Paśko, Sławomir; Koczoń, Piotr; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences,; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Virtual Reality Techniques Division, Warsaw University of Technology; Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences
Beavers are known as biggest rodents leaving in Europe and North America. Two species are included in beaver family: eurpoean beaver (Castor fiber, L.1758) and candian beaver (Castor canadensis, Kuhl 1820). In ancient times beavers existed in whole Europe and in the part of Asia, while their population in Europe decreased systematically from IX century on due to extensive hunts. Consequently, in the end of XIX century only few beavers groups existed in Europe. Within after second world war Poland numerically 130 specimens of European beaver were present. Since then on active protection of this species has started including many environmental programs. It resulted in systematic increase of beaver specimens. Currently beavers came back to their previous regions and some new regions are occupied as well. Their amount reaches over 89000 specimens. This manuscript presents detailed structure of beavers body and their physiology allowing to leave In both water and on land. Beavers natural feed, digestive track, digestive process are described as well. Issues related to reproduction and bringing up are described too. Natural predators are presented. Inside and outside parasites with their action are presented.
Open Access
Blood Plasma Progesterone Levels do not Correlate with Litter Size in the American Mink (Neovison vison)
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Seremak, Beata; Dworecka-Borczyk, Marta; Felska-Błaszczyk, Lidia; Lasota, Bogdan; Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Laboratory of Animal Anatomy Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
The aim of the study was to test whether there is a relationship between the plasma concentration of progesterone in a given stage of pregnancy and the litter size at birth. The study was carried out on a mink farm located in western Poland. Blood samples for analyses were drawn from year-old White Hedlund (WH) females. Samples were collected from 30 females, first on 22 February, i.e. before the mating season, and on 12 April, from pregnant females, about 3 weeks before expected parturitions. Plasma progesterone levels revealed a high individual variability within the studied group of mink. No significant correlation was found between blood plasma progesterone in pregant females and the average litters size at birth.
Open Access
Body condition of male farm mink (Neovison vison) during a mating season
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Felska-Błaszczyk, Lidia; Dziadosz-Styś, Małgorzata; Ławrów, Natalia; Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the body condition of males of farmed mink (Neovison vison) and their behaviour as well as mating performance. The observations involved 170 males of Pearl mink. Before the the breeding season, males were assigned to three groups according to their condition: Group I – very thin, Group II – thin and ideal weight, Group III – heavy and obese. On the completion of the mating season, the following reproductive indices were analysed: number of days in mating, number of matings per day and during the entire mating season, fraction of males that failed to mate, incidence of aggressive behaviours. Statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences in the mean number of days in mating, total number of matings or daily number of matings. Male condition score has a significant effect on the behaviour of the animals. The highest rate of aggressive behaviours, 16%, was observed in groups I and II, i.e. in very thin, thin and ideal weight animals. Males of group III, i.e. overweight and obese, showed one half of aggressive behaviours, about 8%. A different pattern was seen in fur chewing, since none of thin or ideal-weight males (Group II) did chew its fur. Only very thin (Group I, 2%) and obese males (Group III, 4.17%) chewed their fur. Group I comprised the lowest fraction of males that failed to mate, about 6%, compared to approx. 10% in Groups I and III each.
Open Access
Causes for Culling and Reproductive System Disorders in Jersey Cows in the Reproductive Period
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Stanisławski, Daniel; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Rolińska, Karolina; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Computer Lab, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland
The aim of this study was to analyse culling causes and determine reproductive health disorders in Jersey cows in the reproduction period in a herd from the Wielkopolska region. Analyses were conducted on 331 Jersey cows. The material for analyses was collected for the years 2010–2015 from the performance records of dairy cows, the AfiFarm herd management programme and veterinary inspection records. Source data concerned causes of cow culling and reproductive system disorders found in the reproduction period (i.e. from calving to successful fertilisation). Culling causes were divided based on the criterion applied by the Polish Federation of Cattle Breeders and Dairy Farmers. In this study the shares of culling causes were determined and the frequency of individual reproductive system disorders in the reproduction period were calculated in terms of the division into primiparous and multiparous cows. Sterility and reproductive system disorders were the most frequent culling causes in Jersey cows. In turn, endometritis was the most frequent reproductive disorder in cows of this breed in the reproduction period. No statistically significant relationship was found between the age group of cows (primiparous vs. multiparous) and the frequency of specific reproductive system disorders. The incidence rate of reproductive system disorders in Jersey cows in the reproduction period may most probably be reduced at a continuous improvement of environmental factors affecting these animals.
Open Access
Changes in udder skin surface temperature of dairy cows caused by machine milking
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Soroko, Maria; Zaborski, Daniel; Grzesiak, Wilhelm; Parafiniuk, Mirosław; Modrzejewski, Andrzej; Department of Horse Breeding and Equestrian Studies, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław; Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Forensic Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin; Laboratory of Surgical and Emergency Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin
The aim of the present study was to indicate if machine milking significantly affects udder skin surface temperature (SST) to establish the most optimum time for SST measurement in mastitis detection. A total of 21 healthy Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and- White cows were used in the study. The thermograms were recorded from the rear and bottom of the udders in a milking parlour before and after milking in the same cows. Two geometric tools (circles and squares) available in a computer program were used to measure an average SST, its minimum, maximum and standard deviation. The mean value of the average temperature of circles was higher (P ≤0.05) before milking (36.48oC and 36.61oC for the right and left hind quarter, respectively) than after it (36.24oC and 36.09oC for the right and left hind quarter, respectively). Also, the mean temperature of squares for the left hind quarter was higher (P ≤0.05) before milking (36.58oC) than after it (35.88oC). There was only one significant difference (P ≤0.05) in the temperature (circles) between the left and right hind quarters (the range of the temperature after milking). Consequently, temperature measurement performed for potential mastitis detection should always be made at the same moment, as milking significantly affects skin surface temperature of the udder.
Open Access
Characteristics of Reproduction Traits in Cows with Record Lifetime Milk Yields
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
The aim of this study was to characterise basic reproduction indexes and to investigate the effect of selected factors on values of analysed fertility parameters in cows (100 head) with record lifetime milk yields. The experiments were conducted on Polish Holstein-Friesian Black- -and-White cattle. Cows with lifetime milk yields of min. 100 thousand kg milk were considered record holders. Animals were selected at random from herds covered by performance testing in the Poznań testing region in the years 2003–2016. It was shown that analysed cows with record lifetime milk yields exhibited slightly reduced fertility. The animals had the preferred mean age at first calving and adequate average length of pregnancy. Relatively high numbers of semen doses required for successful insemination resulted in an extended length of calving interval, interpregnancy period and artificial mating service.In the management of dairy cow herds focusing on high lifetime productivity and fertility traits it is recommended to control reproduction so that calvings take place in winter and cows calve for the first time at the age of maximum 27 months.
Open Access
The comparison of usefulness results of the primiparous and multiparous cattle of the limousine breed
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Kotowska, Joanna; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The study was conducted in a herd of cattle kept in pure breed in the Kujawsko- -Pomorskie province. The study included a total of 107 individuals: 27 primiparous and 80 multiparous. Cattle data were obtained from farm documentation maintained on the farm, in accordance with the guidelines of the Polish Association of Breeders and Producers of Cattle (PZHiPBM) for the years 2013–2014. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of primiparous and multiparous of limousine cattle. The work included selected zoometric measurements, fertility and dairy cows as well as calf rearing. Analysis showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.05) in the case of muscle, chest circumference and height of the cross. The higher values for the given parameters were obtained by the primiparous. It has been found that milk production is higher in primiparous cows, which results in better growth of calves. The age of first calving (WPW) in the groups of animals was similar. The calves after multiparous received a higher birth weight (P ≤ 0.01) compared with calves after the primiparous.
Open Access
Dependencies between PIT-1 gene polymorphism and production progress in polish holstein-friesian black-and-white cows
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Stanisławski, Daniel; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Computer Lab, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The aim of this study was to analyse the dependence between PIT-1 gene polymorphism in exon 6 of bovine chromosome 1 (c.1178G>A) and the level of production progress in Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows. The greatest annual production progress and cumulative progress for the yield of milk and milk fat was found for the AA homozygotes. For the yield of milk protein more advantageous values of calculated parameters were recorded for the GG homozygotes.
Open Access
Dependencies between prl gene polymorphism and production progress in polish holstein-friesian black-and-white cows
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Stanisławski, Daniel; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Computer Lab, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The aim of this study was to analyse dependencies between PRL gene polymorphism within exon 4 of bovine chromosome 23 (locus g.8398G>A), and the level of production progress in milk yield, yields of milk fat and milk protein in Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and- -White cows. Results of this study indicate dependencies between genotype at locus g.8398G>A of the PRL gene and production progress in terms of milk yield as well as the yields of milk fat and milk protein. The greatest production progress and cumulative progress for milk yield as well as yields of milk fat and milk protein were shown for the AG heterozygotes at locus g.8398G>A, while the lowest values of analysed parameters were recorded for the AA homozygotes.
Open Access
Effect of age at first calving and calving interval lenght on milk performance in cows
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Nagórska, Oliwia; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The research was conducted in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship. The study material consisted of 103 cows of the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed black and white (phf, cb), considering selected breeding parameters: age of first calving (WPW) and intermittent period (OMW). Data on milk yield and selected reproductive parameters were obtained from the farm documentation of the farm using the results of the evaluation of the dairy cattle use value carried out by PFHBiPM. Milk yield of cows was assessed based on milk yield, fat and protein [kg] and content [%] of these components in milk. When analysing the intercurrent period of cows, significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between the examined animal groups. The highest milk yield (8481 kg) and fat yield (355 kg) reached cows in the second lactation, with an interval greater than 471 days.
Open Access
The effect of selected factors on freshening milking efficiency in primiparous polish holstein-friesian black-and-white cows
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Stanisławski, Daniel; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Computer Lab, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Sire origin as well as age and body weight of heifers at fertilization were shown to have a statistically significant effect on freshening milking efficiency in Polish Holstein-Friesian Black- -and-White primiparous cows. The highest milk yields during the freshening stage were recorded for daughters of bulls from North America and primiparous cows, which were fertilized as heifers aged 16 months and at body weight 475 kg. Most probably the high genetic potential of HF cattle from North America, exceeding European cattle in terms of milk yield, was connected with the longer period of their upgrading and in combination with the improvement of local production conditions ensured the most advantageous results. It seems that milk yield in the freshening period is affected by body weight and development of heifers rather than their age at fertilization. In order to reduce the rearing stage in young females it is recommended in that period to apply more intensive nutrition.
Open Access
The effect of soil tillage system and nitrogen fertilization on baking quality of winter spelt cultivars
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Hury, Grzegorz; Stankowski, Sławomir; Makarewicz, Artur; Sobolewska, Magdalena; Biel, Wioletta; Opatowicz, Natalia; Department of Agronomy, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, Siedlce University of Natural Science and Humanities; Department of Agronomy, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin
The material for investigation were grain samples obtained from an experiment conducted in 2009–2011 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik, near Szczecin. The study compared 3 factors: two systems of soil tillage (reduced and conventional), 4 nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg · ha–1) and 3 winter spelt cultivars (‘Franckenkorn’, ‘Oberkulmer Rothkorn’, ‘STH 12’). The quality and farinograph traits of grain, flour and dough were estimated. Soil tillage systems – reduced and conventional – practically had not effect on grain and flour quality. Significant difference was observed only for gluten content. Nitrogen fertilization influenced significantly most of the quality traits. The optimal nitrogen level was 100 kg N · ha–1. Only for gluten index and gluten weakening the highest values have been observed at control variant without nitrogen fertilization. There was no interaction between cultivars and nitrogen fertilization except for gluten index. Mean values of this trait for cultivars ‘Oberkulmer Rothkorn’ and ‘Franckenkorn’ was on the same level at different nitrogen dose. Gluten index for cultivar ‘STH 12’ decreased significantly at higher doses. The results of farinograph analyses indicate that cultivar with the best baking quality was ‘Oberkulmer Rothkorn’, while with the worst quality – ‘Franckenkorn’.

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