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Open Access
Aquaporins in male reproductive system: a chance for paternity or a road to nowhere?
(Wiley Online Library, 2023-01) Michałek, Katarzyna; Oberska, Patrycja; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University 7 of Technology in Szczecin, Poland
Aquaporins (AQPs) – small, “unusual” proteins, whose discovery revolutionized the view of membrane transport of water and other small molecules, are essential for all living organism. AQPs located in the male reproductive system seem to play a key role in the proper course of many processes occurring within it, and thus maintaining a high reproductive potential.
Open Access
Dependencies between prl gene polymorphism and production progress in polish holstein-friesian black-and-white cows
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Stanisławski, Daniel; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Computer Lab, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The aim of this study was to analyse dependencies between PRL gene polymorphism within exon 4 of bovine chromosome 23 (locus g.8398G>A), and the level of production progress in milk yield, yields of milk fat and milk protein in Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and- -White cows. Results of this study indicate dependencies between genotype at locus g.8398G>A of the PRL gene and production progress in terms of milk yield as well as the yields of milk fat and milk protein. The greatest production progress and cumulative progress for milk yield as well as yields of milk fat and milk protein were shown for the AG heterozygotes at locus g.8398G>A, while the lowest values of analysed parameters were recorded for the AA homozygotes.
Open Access
Dependencies between PIT-1 gene polymorphism and production progress in polish holstein-friesian black-and-white cows
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Stanisławski, Daniel; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Computer Lab, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The aim of this study was to analyse the dependence between PIT-1 gene polymorphism in exon 6 of bovine chromosome 1 (c.1178G>A) and the level of production progress in Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows. The greatest annual production progress and cumulative progress for the yield of milk and milk fat was found for the AA homozygotes. For the yield of milk protein more advantageous values of calculated parameters were recorded for the GG homozygotes.
Open Access
The comparison of usefulness results of the primiparous and multiparous cattle of the limousine breed
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Kotowska, Joanna; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The study was conducted in a herd of cattle kept in pure breed in the Kujawsko- -Pomorskie province. The study included a total of 107 individuals: 27 primiparous and 80 multiparous. Cattle data were obtained from farm documentation maintained on the farm, in accordance with the guidelines of the Polish Association of Breeders and Producers of Cattle (PZHiPBM) for the years 2013–2014. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of primiparous and multiparous of limousine cattle. The work included selected zoometric measurements, fertility and dairy cows as well as calf rearing. Analysis showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.05) in the case of muscle, chest circumference and height of the cross. The higher values for the given parameters were obtained by the primiparous. It has been found that milk production is higher in primiparous cows, which results in better growth of calves. The age of first calving (WPW) in the groups of animals was similar. The calves after multiparous received a higher birth weight (P ≤ 0.01) compared with calves after the primiparous.
Open Access
Effect of age at first calving and calving interval lenght on milk performance in cows
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Nagórska, Oliwia; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The research was conducted in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship. The study material consisted of 103 cows of the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed black and white (phf, cb), considering selected breeding parameters: age of first calving (WPW) and intermittent period (OMW). Data on milk yield and selected reproductive parameters were obtained from the farm documentation of the farm using the results of the evaluation of the dairy cattle use value carried out by PFHBiPM. Milk yield of cows was assessed based on milk yield, fat and protein [kg] and content [%] of these components in milk. When analysing the intercurrent period of cows, significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between the examined animal groups. The highest milk yield (8481 kg) and fat yield (355 kg) reached cows in the second lactation, with an interval greater than 471 days.
Open Access
Assessment of the quality of raw milk purchased depending on the production scale
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Wójcik, Jerzy; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Pilarczyk, Renata; Rzewucka-Wójcik, Edyta; Jaszczowska, Jadwiga; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The purpose of the conducted studies was the assessment of the quality of raw milk purchased by the dairy plant, including the purchase volume, the quality of the raw milk and the seasonality of its purchase. Farms were divided by the amount of milk produced: 1 group to 5000 kg of milk per month; 2 groups 5001–10 000 kg of milk; 3 groups of 10 001 to 15 000 milk per month; 4 group over 15 000 kg of milk per month. A slightly higher percentage of fat in milk from group 4 was found. The microbiological purity of milk was similar in all groups, highlighting the small LKS and OLB. The existing seasonality of production has been observed. The production volume during the summer period was about 18% higher. It seems appropriate to continue to specialize farms and introduce in the bigger farms the full-year feeding system (TMR).
Open Access
Analysis of profitability of raw milk production in a commercial farm before and after Poland's accession to the EU
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Stanisławski, Daniel; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Nowak, Anna K.; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences,; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences,; Computer Lab, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences
The aim of this study was to analyse milk production profitability over a period of more than a decade in a commercial farm in terms of two periods: prior to Poland's accession to the EU (from 1998 to April, 2004) and after accession (from May, 2004 to 2012). Obtained source data made it possible to calculate mean annual values for the following items in these calculations: the number of cows, production of milk sold, production of milk to be fed, milk sales price, calf rearing, sales of slaughter cattle, sales of culled cows, total income from milk production, direct costs, feed costs, handling costs, indirect costs including depreciation, total milk production costs, direct costs per 1 l produced milk, total costs per 1 l produced milk, profit/loss from cattle production, profit/loss from 1 l produced milk, value of production per 1 cow, profit/loss from milk production per 1 cow, the ratio of milk sales price to production costs and profitability index for milk production. Within this study data were also collected on profit/loss per 1 l produced milk and milk production profitability indexes in the analysed years. It was shown that following Poland's accession to the EU in the analysed farm statistically highly significant changes were observed in income and costs connected with the production of raw milk. Values of these parameters increased in comparison to the previous period. An increase was recorded in milk production and profit per 1 cow, which was most probably a consequence of breeding work and gained genetic progress and increased productivity in the herd. However, when comparing the period before and after Poland's accession no statistically significant differences were found for profit/loss per 1 l produced milk and milk production profitability indexes. The post-accession period in relation to the previous period was characterised by more dynamic changes in profitability indexes for raw milk production, which resulted in a lesser stability in profitability for this branch of animal production.
Open Access
Nutritional value of granulated adult dog feed
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Łysoń, Ewelina; Biel, Wioletta; Cierniak, Maja; Kavetska, Katarzyna M.; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Laboratory of Biology and Ecology of Parasites, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Laboratory of Biology and Ecology of Parasites, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
One of the most popular methods of feeding dogs is giving them complete commercial feeds. When a decision is made to feed the dog with a dry food, selection of feed should not be made based on its price but in the first place on its quality. The research material consisted of 9 commercial maintenance feeds for adult dogs. The feeds tested were in granular form. Basic chemical composition in dry matter was determined for each feed (total protein, crude fiber, crude fat, crude ash and nitrogen-free extracts). Obtained results were compared with data provided by the manufacturers on labels of testes feeds. Metabolisable energy was calculated for each feed, based on the calculated chemical composition. All tested feeds satisfied minimal demand for total protein and crude fat. Three of them did not, however, meet minimum standard for adult dog feeds with respect to the level of metabolisable energy. Comparison of data on nutritional value provided by the manufacturers with results of own analyses showed that in several cases the manufacturers over- or underestimated content of particular nutrients. In 6 out of 9 feeds the manufacturers declared significantly higher content of protein. In one case the manufacturer declared significantly lower fat content that the one resulting from performed chemical analyses.
Open Access
The evaluation of efficacy of Valbazen (Pflizer) in the treatment of gastro-intestinal tract parasite invasions in beef cattle of West Pomerania
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Juszczak, Marta; Uchwał, Paulina; Stępkowska, Paulina; Tomza-Marciniak, Agnieszka; Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environmental Hygiene West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environmental Hygiene West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environmental Hygiene West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environmental Hygiene West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The aim of the study was to evaluate the extensity and intensity of gastro-intestinal parasitic infections in Limousine beef cattle in West Pomerania, Poland, and to assess the efficacy of Valbazen (Pfizer Inc., USA) in a treatment of cattle parasitic infections. The extensity of parasite infections in the examined cattle before the study was 100%. The study has shown the presence of gastro-intestinal nematodes, Eimeria sp. protozoa and Moniezia sp. tapeworms. The extensity of infection of gastro-intestinal nematodes and Moniezia sp. tapeworms was 97.8%, whereas in Eimeria sp. – 86.7%. The efficacy of Valbazen was checked on 21. day after the specimen application. The results of our study indicate a high efficacy of deworming procedure with Valbazen by Pfizer. The study has confirmed that the problem of presence of digestive tract parasites in beef cattle is still live. This in turn indicates the need of undertaking the screening studies in beef herds.
Open Access
Characteristics of Reproduction Traits in Cows with Record Lifetime Milk Yields
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
The aim of this study was to characterise basic reproduction indexes and to investigate the effect of selected factors on values of analysed fertility parameters in cows (100 head) with record lifetime milk yields. The experiments were conducted on Polish Holstein-Friesian Black- -and-White cattle. Cows with lifetime milk yields of min. 100 thousand kg milk were considered record holders. Animals were selected at random from herds covered by performance testing in the Poznań testing region in the years 2003–2016. It was shown that analysed cows with record lifetime milk yields exhibited slightly reduced fertility. The animals had the preferred mean age at first calving and adequate average length of pregnancy. Relatively high numbers of semen doses required for successful insemination resulted in an extended length of calving interval, interpregnancy period and artificial mating service.In the management of dairy cow herds focusing on high lifetime productivity and fertility traits it is recommended to control reproduction so that calvings take place in winter and cows calve for the first time at the age of maximum 27 months.
Open Access
Influence of glycolysis process on the formation of meat quality parameters
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Woźniak, Katarzyna; Korpal, Agnieszka; Terman, Arkadiusz; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
Development of technologies for pork production has to take into account the changing tastes of consumers, who are now attach great importance to the quality of raw material. The quality of meat is not easy to define, because it is characterized by a number of physicochemical and sensory parameters. A feature having a positive effect on these parameters is the content of intramuscular fat (IMF). The content of IMF influences on glucose metabolism, and thus is inextricably linked to the glycolytic pathway. The first step of glycolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase that participates in the irreversible glucose phosphorylation reaction. One of the hexokinase isoforms occurring in skeletal muscles and muscle tissue is hexokinase 2 (HK2). Due to the role of HK2 as a leading glycolytic enzyme in insulin-sensitive tissues, polymorphisms of the gene encoding this protein can affect its function. Therefore, the gene HK2 has been selected as a candidate gene for pork quality characteristics.
Open Access
Changes in udder skin surface temperature of dairy cows caused by machine milking
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Soroko, Maria; Zaborski, Daniel; Grzesiak, Wilhelm; Parafiniuk, Mirosław; Modrzejewski, Andrzej; Department of Horse Breeding and Equestrian Studies, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław; Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Forensic Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin; Laboratory of Surgical and Emergency Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin
The aim of the present study was to indicate if machine milking significantly affects udder skin surface temperature (SST) to establish the most optimum time for SST measurement in mastitis detection. A total of 21 healthy Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and- White cows were used in the study. The thermograms were recorded from the rear and bottom of the udders in a milking parlour before and after milking in the same cows. Two geometric tools (circles and squares) available in a computer program were used to measure an average SST, its minimum, maximum and standard deviation. The mean value of the average temperature of circles was higher (P ≤0.05) before milking (36.48oC and 36.61oC for the right and left hind quarter, respectively) than after it (36.24oC and 36.09oC for the right and left hind quarter, respectively). Also, the mean temperature of squares for the left hind quarter was higher (P ≤0.05) before milking (36.58oC) than after it (35.88oC). There was only one significant difference (P ≤0.05) in the temperature (circles) between the left and right hind quarters (the range of the temperature after milking). Consequently, temperature measurement performed for potential mastitis detection should always be made at the same moment, as milking significantly affects skin surface temperature of the udder.
Open Access
The effect of selected factors on freshening milking efficiency in primiparous polish holstein-friesian black-and-white cows
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Stanisławski, Daniel; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Computer Lab, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology
Sire origin as well as age and body weight of heifers at fertilization were shown to have a statistically significant effect on freshening milking efficiency in Polish Holstein-Friesian Black- -and-White primiparous cows. The highest milk yields during the freshening stage were recorded for daughters of bulls from North America and primiparous cows, which were fertilized as heifers aged 16 months and at body weight 475 kg. Most probably the high genetic potential of HF cattle from North America, exceeding European cattle in terms of milk yield, was connected with the longer period of their upgrading and in combination with the improvement of local production conditions ensured the most advantageous results. It seems that milk yield in the freshening period is affected by body weight and development of heifers rather than their age at fertilization. In order to reduce the rearing stage in young females it is recommended in that period to apply more intensive nutrition.
Open Access
The Milk Yield of Ukrainian Holstein Is Related to the Immunobiological Parameters of Blood of Calves
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Milostiviy, Roman; Antonenko, Petro; Kostyuk, Volodymyr; Vasilenko, Tatyana; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Dnepropetrovsk State University of Agriculture and Economics, Dnipro, Ukraine 1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Dnepropetrovsk State University of Agriculture and Economics, Dnipro, Ukraine 1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Dnepropetrovsk State University of Agriculture and Economics, Dnipro, Ukraine 1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Dnepropetrovsk State University of Agriculture and Economics, Dnipro, Ukraine 1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
Decrease in productive longevity of dairy cows in conditions of industrial dairy complexes causes another problem, which is connected with the timely replenishment of the herd with calves for replacement. Therefore, the cultivation of heifers has very great impact. Much attention is focused on early prediction of the future calves productivity for obtaining highly productive cows. At the same time, the growth rates and development in ontogenesis are studied very often, but blood values are rarely evaluated. In the literature available to us, there is little information about the relationship between calves' humoral and cellular immunity values with the future productivity of the cow. These indicators are traditionally used to characterize the immunobiological reactivity of an organism and the calves' health, and there is practically no information on their relationship to the productive longevity of a dairy cow. This is partly due to the difficulties associated with the duration of the research, since the cow must complete its productive life. A positive and reliable relationship is established between the immunobiological characteristics of calves' blood and their lifelong milk yield when they become a cow. The greatest correlation was noted between the milk productivity's indicators and bactericidal activity of blood serum (r = 0.63–0.69, P < 0.05). The relationship between cellular factors of body defense (phagocytic activity of neutrophils) and the immunoglobulins content of classes G and M with signs of milk productivity was less dense. It was, respectively, r = 0.31–0.41 and r = 0.58–0.63 (P < 0.05). This makes it possible to conclude that the studies conducted in this direction are promising, and assessing calves' immune status for predicting the yield of cow milk. The results obtained by us require further confirmation in a more significant number of animals.
Open Access
The polymorphism C9681T in the prolactin receptor gene and functional traits of dairy cattle
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Kowalewska-Łuczak, Inga; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The study analyzed the polymorphism of single nucleotide substitution C9681T (A536V) type, located in exon 10 of prolactin receptor gene. The study was conducted in a herd of cattle of Polish Holstein-Friesian breed of black and white variety. Identification of genotypes of individuals was performed using PCR-RFLP. The study stated the following frequency of C9681T polymorphism alleles: C-0.81 and T- 0.19. TT genotype was not identified in the analysis. Statistical analysis showed that the CC genotype cows were characterized by higher milk yield as compared with cows with the heterozygous genotype, and the latter were characterized by a longer calving interval. The results were not confirmed statistically.
Open Access
Selected factors which cause fertility disorders in dairy cows
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Medyk, Pamela; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The aim of the study was to identify selected factors influencing the dairy cows' reproductive disorders and some mistakes made by breeders in running herd, especially concerning feeding. Environmental factors influencing fertility were analysed and factors influencing its disorders were characterized. As one of the main causes of fertility disorders in large herds was indicated inappropriate veterinary care.
Open Access
Methods of selection and characteristics of productive traits of ukrainian carpathian mountain sheep
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Sedilo, Grygoriy; Vovk, Stakh; Petryszyn, Myron; Szewczuk, Małgorzata; Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Obroshyno village, Lviv reg., Ukraine; Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Obroshyno village, Lviv reg., Ukraine; Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Obroshyno village, Lviv reg., Ukraine; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The work leading to creation of a new breed - Carpathian Ukrainian mountain sheep with high quality mixed carpet wool cover came to an end in 1993. It was achieved by breeding local ewes with thick wool covers with Tsigai breed rams. In terms of milk yield and wool quality the new breed was significantly more valuable than sheep of local breeds. At the same time they adapted well to the specific mountain climate and management system. In the current situation of rapid decrease in demand for wool, the breed is still competitive due to universal production objectives and possibility of using not only its good quality wool but also milk and sheep meat. The current direction of improvement is raising milk yield in the sheep of this breed.
Open Access
Analysis of renal expression of TRPM6 and TRPM7 in growing piglets fed a diet supplemented with inulin –type fructans. A pilot study
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Michałek, Katarzyna; Medeńska, Weronika; Pietrzak, Sandra; Staśkiewicz, Łukasz; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences Jabłonna
A diet enriched with inulin-type fructans has multidirectional, beneficial health effects for both humans and animals. The benefits of such a modified diet include increased intestinal absorption of micro- and macrominerals, including magnesium (Mg2+). It is generally known that Mg2+ is involved in many biological processes, and a disruption of its homeostasis during the growth and development may result in a number of adverse changes. Maintaining the proper balance of Mg2+ involves many mechanisms and factors, among them the recently identified protein TRPM6 and TRPM7 (transient receptor potential melastin 6 and 7). Since the available literature lacks any information about TRPM6 and TRPM7 in farm animals, including swine, we have undertaken this research aimed at identification of these proteins in the kidney of growing piglets and analysis of the impact of diets supplemented with inulin-type fructans on their expressions. The study was performed on 16 male, PIC x Penarlan P76 crossbred piglets. Animals were divided into two groups: the control was fed a standard diet and the treatment group was fed a diet supplemented with 3% aqueous solution of inulin-type fructans. As a result of the study, using Western blotting, we found TRPM6 and TRPM7 in the kidneys of growing piglets. We also found that renal expression of TRPM6 increased in the animals treated with a diet supplemented with inulin-type fructans. Expression of TRPM7, on the other hand, did not change. The increase in TRPM6 expression in the supplement-treated animals presumably contributed to an increased renal retention of Mg2+. The changes in the expression of TRPM6 seem to be a positive effect of the dietary supplementation with inulin-type fructans.
Open Access
Oxygraphic evaluation of activity of respiratory enzymes in boar's semen
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Kopczyński, Piotr; Lasota, Bogdan; Ogoński, Tadeusz; Stankiewicz, Tomasz; Gaczarzewicz, Dariusz; Skolmowska, Magdalena; Department of Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
In the article advantages of the use of oxygraphic method for metabolic examination of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes in boar spermatozoa were described. Investigations were performed on semen samples taken from 36 boars of 4 breeds, at the age from 8 to 40 months. All samples of semen characterized at least 80% content of motile spermatozoa. The rate of oxygen uptake was measured with the use of Clark type electrode connected with analog-digital recorder. Measurements were executed in temperature 37°C, and the rate of oxygen uptake (v) was expressed in nmol O2 · min–1 per 108 spermatozoa. The values of oxygen consumption rate after application of succinate (vs) and PMS (vp) made up the basis of analysis. The results show that the method of oxygraphic evaluation of spermatozoa movement system described in the paper makes possible the precise investigation of the spermatozoa respiratory chain status and enables selection of boars with the best parameters of semen. This method can be taken in consideration at semen examination in the course of boar's selection for the AI stations, after boar's reproductive disease, in periodical semen tests and also when taking decision about the boar's elimination.
Open Access
The effect of soil tillage system and nitrogen fertilization on baking quality of winter spelt cultivars
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Hury, Grzegorz; Stankowski, Sławomir; Makarewicz, Artur; Sobolewska, Magdalena; Biel, Wioletta; Opatowicz, Natalia; Department of Agronomy, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, Siedlce University of Natural Science and Humanities; Department of Agronomy, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin
The material for investigation were grain samples obtained from an experiment conducted in 2009–2011 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik, near Szczecin. The study compared 3 factors: two systems of soil tillage (reduced and conventional), 4 nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg · ha–1) and 3 winter spelt cultivars (‘Franckenkorn’, ‘Oberkulmer Rothkorn’, ‘STH 12’). The quality and farinograph traits of grain, flour and dough were estimated. Soil tillage systems – reduced and conventional – practically had not effect on grain and flour quality. Significant difference was observed only for gluten content. Nitrogen fertilization influenced significantly most of the quality traits. The optimal nitrogen level was 100 kg N · ha–1. Only for gluten index and gluten weakening the highest values have been observed at control variant without nitrogen fertilization. There was no interaction between cultivars and nitrogen fertilization except for gluten index. Mean values of this trait for cultivars ‘Oberkulmer Rothkorn’ and ‘Franckenkorn’ was on the same level at different nitrogen dose. Gluten index for cultivar ‘STH 12’ decreased significantly at higher doses. The results of farinograph analyses indicate that cultivar with the best baking quality was ‘Oberkulmer Rothkorn’, while with the worst quality – ‘Franckenkorn’.

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