FPUTS seria Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2017
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Pozycja Open Access Rating long-term use of simplifications in tillage and previous crop on biometric features, physiological and yield of winter wheat cultivar ‘Kobra Plus’(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Schiller, Marta; Stankowski, Sławomir; Podsiadło, Cezary; Pużyński, Stanisław; Michalska, Bożena; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Meteorology and Green Areas Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was conducted in the years 2006–2008, in a static experiment founded in 1993 in the Agricultural Experimental Station Lipnik (near Stargard Szczeciński). The station is located in the central part of the Szczecin Lowland (ϕ53021`N, 14058`E, Hs 30 m.a.s.l.). Field tests were carried out using winter wheat grown in four-field crop rotation (sugar beet – winter wheat – faba beans – winter wheat + white mustard intercrop). The effect of simplified tillage involving the elimination of plowing for the plowless tillage and direct sowing was examined, as compared to conventional tillage under crops grown in rotation. Studied factor consisted of the farming systems used for winter wheat after different forecrops (faba beans, sugar beet). The tillage systems significantly shaped the length of the stalk and leaf assimilation index (LAI). Winter wheat grown in the field after faba bean had significantly higher values of total number of steam and, with ears, the length of stalk and spike, as well as the ratio of leaf greenness (SPAD). In our study, there was no the effect of experimental factors and their interaction on grain yield of winter wheat. Regardless of tested experimental factors, winter wheat yielded at the level of 5 t ∙ ha–1. A slight tendency to higher yields was recorded for the traditional plowing system.Pozycja Open Access Metabolic potential of bacteria strains isolated from poultry industry waste(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Wrońska, Ilona; Cybulska, Krystyna; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinMicrobial composition of poultry industry wastes was very diverse. They are inhabited by microorganisms that use organic substance to their growth. An appropriate composition of microorganisms is very important in the organic matter decomposition rate. Therefore, microorganisms that contribute to decomposition of several compounds are quite desired. The study dealt with the evaluation of metabolic activity of bacterial strains towards lipids, protein, and starch. The strains were isolated from the poultry waste environment. Metabolic potential of bacterial strains was determined based on the activity index and taking into account the hydrolysis zone diameter and colony diameter. Bacterial strains to a different degree decomposed the organic compounds. Their metabolic activity and direction towards substrates depended on the type of isolated bacterial strains.Pozycja Open Access Influence of distillation apparatus and distillation time on the yield and chemical composition of winter savory essential oil(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Wesołowska, Aneta; Grzeszczuk, Monika; Jadczak, Dorota; Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of the studies conducted in 2014–2015 was to determine the influence of distillation apparatus as well as distillation time on the yield and chemical composition of winter savory (Satureja montana L.) essential oil. Isolation of the essential oil from S. montana herb, collected during flowering period, was carried out using two different distillation apparatuses: Deryng and Clevenger. Moreover, different distillation times (2, 3 and 4 hours) were also applied. The obtained essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of 47 compounds in the essential oils obtained in Deryng and Clevenger apparatus, respectively. Carvacrol (54.44–68.53%) was the major constituent of all S. montana oil samples. Other important compounds were: γ-terpinene (5.21–8.67%), p-cymene (4.40–9.53%), α-terpinene (1.20–2.04%) and β-caryophyllene (4.58–5.77%). On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the time of distillation of S. montana herb in Deryng apparatus had no significant effect on its content. However, the amount of volatile oil obtained in Clevenger apparatus was significantly influenced by distillation time. Moreover, there was no significant effect of the distillation time on the amount of the main essential oil constituents obtained with both types of apparatuses. However, there was a significant interaction found between the constituent and the distillation time.Pozycja Open Access Impact of form and dose of nitrogen fertilizers on the technological value of spring triticale (x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Stankowski, Sławomir; Sobolewska, Magdalena; Jaroszewska, Anna; Michalska, Bożena; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Meteorology and Shaping Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe field experiment conducted in 2013–2014 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik (53o42′ N, 14o97′ S), West Pomeranian Technological University in Szczecin, on light, good rye complex soil. The experimental material consisted of spring triticale grain of 'Nagano' cv. The first experimental factor was the type of fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate was used, ammonium and nitrate forms of nitrogen, as well as Sulfammo 30 N PRO, ammonium and amide forms of nitrogen. The second experimental factor was doses of nitrogen fertilization: 0 (control), 40, 80, 120 kg N . ha–1. Determined the selected physico-chemical quality traits of grain and farinographic properties of dough. No significant effect of the applied nitrogen fertilizer type and nitrogen fertilization dose was observed on: TGW, test weight, grain fraction, falling number and Zeleny index of the spring triticale grain,. The highest content of proteins were in grain of spring triticale fertilized with the dose of 120 kg N . ha–1. The increasing nitrogen fertilization increased the water absorption of flour and dough stability, while reduced the degree of dough softening. Sulfammo 30 N-Pro significantly improved the dough stability as compared to the ammonium nitrate. There were significant, positive correlations between: protein content in spring triticale grain and dough development time and its stability.Pozycja Open Access The effect of modification of salt composition on the quality of sausages storage in modified atmosphere(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pytel-Zając, Olga; Sobczak, Małgorzata; Lachowicz, Kazimierz; Żochowska-Kujawska, Joanna; Balowski, Mateusz; Lisiecki, Sławomir; Department of Meat Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Meat Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Meat Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Meat Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Meat Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study compared the effect of salt composition modifications (substitution of NaCl by MgCl2 at 10, 20 and 30%) and cold storage at MAP on quality of medium ground pork sausages. The amount of mass losses (both thermal and storage), values of TPA parameters (hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess) and sensory attributes (appearance, texture, taste) of produced sausages were assessed. As a result of analysis, it was found that the addition of MgCl2 to a salt used in the production of sausages mainly increased the hardness, gumminess and thermal stability as well as induced some defects in taste profile. At the same time, it was found that replacement of 10% NaCl on MgCl2 allows to obtain a product of similar quality to the controls (produced only with NaCl addition).Pozycja Open Access Daily activity of polish holstein-friesian cows depending on variable housing conditions during lactation(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Mróz, Piotr; Wójcik, Piotr; Pankowski, Mateusz; Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice; Alta Polska Ltd., ŁowiczThe aim of the study was to analyse the activity of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows depending on variable housing conditions during lactation, associated with short-term (30-day) reduction in the living area. The study used two groups of cows (25 animals per group) housed in sections with or without an outdoor area and subjected to temporary (30-day) crowding as well as one group of cows subjected to decreasing stocking density. All animals were fitted with pedometers on the hind legs, which recorded data on activity (steps/hour), resting frequency (times per day), resting bout duration (minutes), and total resting time (minutes). Activity analysis of the groups performed before the change in stocking density showed that in the group of cows without outdoor access, fourth lactation cows (175.59 steps/h) and primiparous cows were the most active (147.09 steps/h). Primiparous cows rested most frequently (14.14) and showed longest total resting time (588.73 min). In the group with outdoor access, significantly highest activity was shown by primiparous cows (132.18 steps/h) and lowest activity by fourth lactation cows (108.92 steps/h). Fourth lactation cows were also characterized by lowest resting frequency (8.41) and lowest total resting time (525.16 min), as well as longest resting bout (74.91 min). Following the first increase in stocking density, the group of cows without outdoor access showed very high activity (133.65 steps/h), and the cows with outdoor access reduced their activity. The next increase in stocking density caused the confined cows to increase their activity, which was associated with increasing stress, while the group of cows with outdoor access did not respond with higher activity but the duration of resting bout increased (61.16 min) and its frequency decreased. As a result, total resting time was shorter than in the group without outdoor access. In the group without outdoor access, rests were less frequent but longer (59.91 min), which could be due to the difficulty finding a place to rest. In all the study groups, total resting time decreased to an unprecedented time of less than 490 min.Pozycja Open Access The mycological status of green forages and silages from a mixture of legumes with grasses and whole crop maize(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Dorszewski, Piotr; Grabowicz, Małgorzata; Department of Animal Science, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz; Department of Animal Science, UTP University of Science and Technology, BydgoszczThe number of fungi (yeasts and moulds) in silages is the determinant of their hygienic quality. The research material was green forage from a mixture of legumes and grasses and whole crop maize. The study was conducted in 2012‒2014. Each year, green forages of a 2nd swath of a legume-grasses mixture being in 3-year field crop were ensiled. The green forages from maize of the same hybrid, cultivated according to the principles of crop rotation, were ensiled in wax stage. Chopped green forages was compacted and ensiled in minisilos with a capacity of 8654 cm3, which were opened after 6 weeks. In order to determine the number of moulds and yeasts in green forages and silages, mycological analysis was performed in accordance with PN-ISO 21527-1 : 2009. The mycological status of ensilaged green forages was bad. The number of moulds of the green forages of the legume-grasses mixtures was from 5.4225 (3rd year) to 5.4472 lg cfu ・ g‒1 (1st year), and yeast was at level from 4.9977 (3rd year) to 5.5792 lg cfu ・ g‒1 (1st year). Moulds in whole crop maize occurred in the number of 4.6514 (1st year) to 6.4928 lg cfu ・ g‒1 (2nd year), while yeast from 6.6710 (2nd year) to 7.2657 lg cfu ・ g‒1 (1st year). Silages had significantly (P ≤ 0.001) less fungus than in green fodders. The hygienic quality of silages from the legume-grass mixtures was good in each year of the study. The number of mould and yeast did not exceed 3 lg cfu ・ g‒1. Silages from whole crop maize had bad hygienic quality. Only in the silage of the 3rd year of the study, the presence of mould at a level of 1.7940 was noted, but yeast amounted to 6.2810 lg cfu ・ g‒1.Pozycja Open Access Changes in the level of calcium, zinc and copper in the serum of horses in relation to the feeding season(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Górski, Krzysztof; Jania, Bartosz; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Reproduction and Animal Hygiene, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory LAB-WET, Warszawa; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe correct concentrations of biological elements allow biochemical processes to proceed normally, and thus enable the proper functioning of the organism. The aim of the study was to determine characteristics of the mineral metabolism of horses raised in a region characterized by mineral deficiencies as a basis for evaluating their diet. Ten horses were selected for the study (5 mares and 5 geldings), all kept in similar conditions. The horses were used for recreation and sport. The study was conducted in two periods: after the pasture season (end of November 2015) and at the beginning of the pasture season (end of May 2016). Blood was collected from the jugular vein into sterile test tubes without coagulant. The evaluation of the concentrations of copper and zinc in the blood serum of the horses revealed substantial deviations from physiological norms. The serum concentrations of Cu and Zn were below the lower reference levels. On the basis of the study it is difficult to conclusively state which factor is decisive in determining the content of calcium, zinc and copper in the serum of horses over the course of the year. It seems likely that the serum concentrations of these elements may be determined by their content in the horses’ feed. Therefore it would be advisable to supplement the supply of copper and zinc in the feed ration in both the summer and winter seasons. Moreover, further research should be conducted in the region to determine the supply of copper and zinc to horses.Pozycja Open Access Dogs' aggressive behaviors. Part I. Neurobiological mechanisms and animals' predispositions(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Horoszewicz, Elżbieta; Galas, Justyna; Smolnik, Kinga; Niedziółka, Roman; Sweklej, Edyta; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesExcessive nervousness of a dog may not only disrupt the positive social perception of the animal, but also directly affects its health. Expertise in recognition of the dog’s emotions allows the owner to properly respond to its bad behavior, preventing the outburst of anger and a possible attack. For this reason, we attempt to characterize aggressive behaviors in dogs and the underlying neurobiological factors and genetic predisposition to aggression, and we also address some preventive measures and possible consequences of the aggressive behavior to the environment.Pozycja Open Access Inter- and intra-breed variation in ejaculate characteristics and in the morphology, dimensions and shape of spermatozoa of boars used for artificial insemination(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Górski, Krzysztof; Kondracki, Stanisław; Wysokińska, Anna; Department of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce; Department of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce; Department of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, SiedlceThe aim of this study was to evaluate inter-bred and intra-breed variation in ejaculates and the morphology, dimensions and shape of spermatozoa of boars used for artificial insemination. The results obtained from this study suggested that there is relatively high intraand inter-breed variation in the basic characteristics of ejaculates. The ejaculates of the Landrace and Large White boars have markedly greater volume than those of the Duroc boars or the Duroc × Pietrain crossbreds, while the ejaculates of the Landrace boars contain more sperm cells than those of boars of other breeds. The spermatozoa of the crossbred boars exhibit lower motility than the sperm of other breeds. Results revealed that factors other than breed have a much greater influence on the frequency of morphological sperm defects. The morphometric dimensions of sperm cells are characterized by low intra-breed variation and relatively high inter-breed variation. The results showed that the sperm of Landrace boars had the largest head area. The spermatozoa of the Large White boars had the shortest heads and their tails were significantly shorter than those of the sperm of other breeds.Pozycja Open Access Drug tolerance/intolerance in domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) with MDR1 gene defect(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Zdańkowski, Sebastian; Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Fiszdon, Katarzyna; Siewruk, Katarzyna; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Świderek, Wiesław; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life SciencesIvermectin is a drug used to fight endo- and exoparasites in animals at regular base in veterinary practice. Basically this substance is safe for mammals. The mechanism of its action is based on dysfunction of nerve impulses conduction. P-glycoprotein is a membrane transport protein present in endothelial cells of lungs, kidneys, liver and pancreas. It prevents toxin penetration into the brain neurons and many other organs outside central nervous system including barriers: blood–testis, blood–placenta, blood–urine. This protein is coded by Multi Drug Resistance gene 1 (MDR1 gene) and is located in membranes of blood-brain barrier cells. When a mutation in MDR1 gene appears the protein isn’t able to function properly. In that case ivermectin goes to canine central nervous system cells and induces neurotoxic clinical signs, that is why early diagnostic is very important especially to prevent poisoning. The reasons and effects of the mutation as well as elements of molecular diagnostic that allows to identify the mutation were describe in this manuscript. Moreover, medicines that can induce neurotoxic signs in dogs with mutation in MDR1 gene were listed.Pozycja Open Access Effect of sodium fluoride on some morphological and physiological parameters of 10-day-old seedlings of various plant species(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pelc, Justyna; Smolik, Beata; Krupa-Małkiewicz, Marcelina; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinFluorine is one of the most toxic elements for plants resulting from its high electronegativity. Fluorine compounds, the penetration into the plant tissue, may cause a variety of physiological and biochemical changes. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of 10 mM sodium chloride (NaF) on morphological parameters (root length, shoot length) and physiological parameters (proline, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in leaves of 10-day-old seedlings of various species of crop plants under laboratory conditions. Results obtained in this experiment showed that fluoride adversely affecting the morphological parameters and physiological parameters of the test plants when compared to control. Among 10 studied plants, three species (barley, radish ‘Minowase Summer Cross’, lupine) indicated high tolerance to NaF compared to the other tested plants. The most sensitive to lead exposure were wheat, radish ‘Carmen’, alfalfa, sunflower, tomato.Pozycja Open Access Behaviour of calves(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Neja, Wojciech; Jankowska, Małgorzata; Bogucki, Mariusz; Krężel-Czopek, Sylwia; Zielińska, Sylwia; Ozkaya, Serkan; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Animal Science, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, TurkeyThe activity of calves depends mainly on the way they are housed and not on their age. Because compromised welfare early in life may affect the profitability of future production, calves need to be fed colostrum after birth because their digestive tract is not physiologically active. Calves nurse their dams 7 times per day on average (for up to 70 minutes in total). Weaned calves are generally fed twice per day. Calves have the strongest sucking need between 4 and 5 weeks of age. Several-day-old calves that are housed in separate pens and artificially fed, spend around one-fifth of the day foraging or eating. Cattle have well-developed sense organs. The animals use their senses for foraging, spatial orientation, and social contacts. Cattle normally walk, and trot when frightened. Young calves often indulge in galloping, kicking with hind legs. During disease, the behaviour of calves considerably differs from normal. They respond differently to the environment, their appetite decreases, with changes in thirst, and sometimes in external appearance. Inadequate welfare levels lead to abnormal forms of behaviour, which are reflected in problems adapting to the environment (Kokocińska and Kaleta 2016).Pozycja Open Access Response of soil peroxidases to 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with tetrafluoroborate anion(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Telesiński, Arkadiusz; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of study was to determine effect of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with tetradluoroborate anion on activity of soil peroxidases. The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions with samples of loamy sand (Corg 8.71 g · kg–1, pHKCl 6.36), sandy loam (Corg 10.92 g · kg–1, pHKCl 6.81) and sandy clay loam (Corg 33.81 g · kg–1, pHKCl 7.13). Samples were sieved through a 2-mm mesh, and then three ionic liquids: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4], 1-bhexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [HMIM][BF4], and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [OMIM][BF4] at the dosages of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg · kg–1 were added to soil. Activity of peroxidases was measured spectrophotometrically on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 112. Application of different dosages of all ILs caused mainly significant changes in activity of peroxidases. Changes in activity of peroxidases depended on the dosage of ionic liquids, incubation time, and soil properties. The effect of ILs on activity of peroxidases increased not only with an increasing dosage, but also with elongation of alkyl substituents in the cation. The highest impact of ILs on activity of peroxidases was observed in loamy sand.Pozycja Open Access Some features of the structure of a flying feather domestic goose (Anser anser)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Kostiuk, Volodymyr; Voloshchuk, Oksana; Department of Anatomy of Animals, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Anatomy of Animals, National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineIt was found out the quantity of rectrices tail feathers and all kinds of remiges wing of domestic goose. There were described the features of macro- and micro-structure and morphometric parameters remiges and rectrices – calamus, pulp case, rachis pennae and barbules pennae. It was established that the medulla rhachis stems are heterogeneous. More dense areas of it together with substance of the rachis of the feathers form the skeleton of the rachis. It is discovered that rami pennae remiges are interconnected with each other not with also only barbules pennae but ventral ridge.Pozycja Open Access Fungal contamination in poultry waste during the industrial processing(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Oraibi, Sanaa Mahdi; Cybulska, Krystyna; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe poultry industry produces large amounts of waste that include solid waste and waste water. Although, numerous studies have been conducted on microbial associates with various stages related to poultry and meat products processing. Only a few studies have been reported on fungal exists of poultry wastes. The aim of this study investigation of fungi associated with different poultry wastes. The sample of poultry wastes included feathers, slime, biological sludge and compost. The samples were taken at various times in peroid from 2015–2016 from different poultry slaughter houses. Isolation of fungi was performed by serial dilution and plating methods on Rose Bengal Agar (RBA), medium supplemented with antibiotic. Identification of fungi was carried out by microscopic and genetic analysis 18S ribosomal RNA gene. The number of fungi (cfu · g–1 d.m.) were isolated from chicken and goose feathers 103–104, from duck and turkey feathers even 106–107, compost 103–105, slime – 104 and biological sludge – 104–106. From the overall analysis, the dependence between the number of fungi and various type of samples and the season of taking the samples were found and type of poultry slaughter houses.Pozycja Open Access Trees of Taxodiaceae family cultivated on different stands in Wrocław(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Bąbelewski, Przemysław; Pancerz, Magdalena; Krężel, Jan; Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesTrees belonging to Taxodiaceae family are rarely grown in Polish climatic conditions due to their origin from the warmer regions of the world. The aim of this study was to develop the nutritional status of trees of family Taxodiaceae growing in the Wrocław areas, which have preserved characteristics of the primeval riparian and broadleaved forests, as well as on the anthropogenically transformed stands. In 2013 in the Wrocław area were localized 3 sites of Japanese cedar where 3 trees were found to grow. Dawn redwood grown on 2 sites, total 9 trees. Six sites of baldcypress were noted, where grown 11 trees. Despite the differences in chlorophyll content and nutrients content, none of the trees showed visible nutrient deficiencies. This results indicate that trees of family Taxodiaceae can grow on the greeneries of Wrocław city.Pozycja Open Access Physiological reaction of basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) to zinc excess(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Malinowska, Katarzyna; Wróbel, Jacek; Mikiciuk, Małgorzata; Studziński, Mateusz; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe influence of zinc salt, in a concentration range of 50 to 650 mg · dm–3, on the physiological response of basket willow was studied on Bjor, Tora and Jorr varieties which were grown in hydroponics. Content of chloroplast pigments, relative water content (RWC), water saturation deficit (WSD), intensity of assimilation and transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate of water use efficiency (WUE) and instantaneous photosynthetic rate of water use (WUEI) were determined in leaves. It was observed that the decrease in concentration of tested physiological parameters correlated with the increase of zinc salt doses in the medium. The assimilation and transpiration of basket willow were significantly limited by stomata. The addition of zinc salt to the medium increased water saturation deficit in leaves of all three Salix viminalis verities.Pozycja Open Access Development of fermented beverages based on acid whey(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Skryplonek, Katarzyna; Jasińska, Małgorzata; Department of Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinAcid whey is a valuable raw material obtained during acid-coagulated cheese and acid casein production. Nowadays whey processing techniques are well developed, however the utilization of acid whey, due to low pH, still remains a challenge especially for small dairy plants. The aim of the study was to design and evaluate the fermented beverages based on acid whey containing yogurt bacteria starter cultures. In order to enrich casein content and obtain product with quality characteristics similar to fermented milk drinks, whey was combined with milk, unsweetened condensed milk or skimmed milk powder. Moreover, the beverages were supplemented with prebiotics: inulin and oligofructose and whey protein concentrates. The evaluation of the beverages included acidity measurement and sensorial analysis. Moreover the conditions of whey pasteurization were evaluated. According to the results, the best raw materials and additives were selected. It was stated, that to obtain the product with good sensory characteristics, the addition of milk must amount minimum 50%. The results allowed to invent several kinds of fermented beverages with desirable properties. The most appropriate conditions of whey heat treatment was pasteurization at the temperature of 72°C for 10 minutes. The obtained results indicated that acid whey can be considered as a raw material for the production of fermented beverages with acceptable sensory quality. The practical impact of the work comes from the aspect, that it presents the new method of direct utilization of acid whey and it may be a new, attractive alternative for dairy industry.Pozycja Open Access Influence of glycolysis process on the formation of meat quality parameters(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Woźniak, Katarzyna; Korpal, Agnieszka; Terman, Arkadiusz; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinDevelopment of technologies for pork production has to take into account the changing tastes of consumers, who are now attach great importance to the quality of raw material. The quality of meat is not easy to define, because it is characterized by a number of physicochemical and sensory parameters. A feature having a positive effect on these parameters is the content of intramuscular fat (IMF). The content of IMF influences on glucose metabolism, and thus is inextricably linked to the glycolytic pathway. The first step of glycolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase that participates in the irreversible glucose phosphorylation reaction. One of the hexokinase isoforms occurring in skeletal muscles and muscle tissue is hexokinase 2 (HK2). Due to the role of HK2 as a leading glycolytic enzyme in insulin-sensitive tissues, polymorphisms of the gene encoding this protein can affect its function. Therefore, the gene HK2 has been selected as a candidate gene for pork quality characteristics.