FPUTS seria Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2017
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Pozycja Open Access Analysis of changes in water management light soil following application of different tillage systems and forecrops(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Schiller, Marta; Podsiadło, Cezary; Stankowski, Sławomir; Pużyński, Stanisław; Michalska, Bożena; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Meteorology and Shaping Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was conducted in a static experiment established in 1993 in the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik (near Stargard Szczeciński). Bi-factorial field experiment was set up in the perpendicular bands pattern of randomized sub-blocks in four replicates. Studied factor consisted of the farming systems used for winter wheat after different forecrops (faba beans, sugar beet). Analysed physical properties, shaping water management in light soil, changed depending on the previous crop grown and the amount of rainfall in the growing season. In years with larger rainfall deficits, the soil in the position after faba bean was characterized by a higher density, current humidity, and non-capillary porosity. It referred to the aeration porosity in the position after sugar beet. During years with less rainfall deficiency, the bulk density was increased after sugar beet, while non-capillary porosity decreased after faba bean. Giving up the plowing sowing for the benefit of plowless system or direct sowing modifies some physical properties of topsoils. There was an increase in bulk density and non-capillary porosity. Higher values of bulk density of the soil, listed on the objects, where the applied technologies without plowing, especially on light soils may promote the growth and development of plants commodities, including winter wheat.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of equine feeding systems in selected equestrian centers and stables(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Janocha, Alina; Kryszak, Katarzyna; Różewicz, Marcin; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe aim of the study was to study the expertise and awareness of Polish horse owners in terms of equine nutrition and prevention of gastrointestinal tract problems, as well as to overview the applied feeds. Knowledge on the structure and functioning of equine digestive system and digestion processes is essential if we want to plan good nutrition schemes, especially for sport horses. Having a profound knowledge on horse feeding and nutrition, the owner may avoid many problems with the horse’s fitness and reduce the risk of digestive disorders. Horses are animals that basically feed on pasture. However, the work they perform for humans, which is associated with intense physical activity, requires additional energy and nutrients. Most difficult is the nutrition of performance horses, which requires proper determination of energy needs at the given level of training load, as well as adequate mineral-vitamin supplementation that will meet the needs of the horse. The entire consistent nutrition system should be treated with utmost care and consideration, since it is the key factor influencing the health status of the horse.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of macronutrients content in winter wheat grain of spelt type (Triticum aestivum ssp spelta L.) depending on crop protection, seeding standards and variety(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Gawęda, Dorota; Haliniarz, Małgorzata; Hury, Grzegorz; Gibczyńska, Marzena; Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin; Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of crop protection and seeding ratio on the contents of macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium) in grain of two spelt cultivars: Polish ‘Rokosz’ and German ‘Schwabenspelz’. The field experiment was conducted in Czesławice in 2014–2015 on lessive soil developed from loess classified as good wheat complex and II bonitation class, slightly acidic. The plowing layer of the soil was characterized by a high content of available forms of phosphorus, potassium and average magnesium. Material for analysis consisted of winter spelt grain. The first experimental factor: winter spelt varieties; second factor: two seeding ratios; third factor: crop protection. The harvest was performed at full grain maturity stage. Content of three basic macronutrients in spelt grain: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, was varied for cultivars. Meanwhile two cultivars did not differ with the amount of magnesium and calcium in grain. ‘Schwabenspelz’ was more abundant than ‘Rokosz’ regarding to studied macronutrients. The increase of plant density resulted in significant reduction in the nitrogen content and increase in the amount of phosphorus in winter spelt grain. The amount of plant density did not affect the abundance of spelt grain in relation to metals included in macronutrients occurring at plants. The crop protection treatments of winter spelt did not impact on the macronutrients content in grain.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of profitability of raw milk production in a commercial farm before and after Poland's accession to the EU(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Stanisławski, Daniel; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Nowak, Anna K.; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences,; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences,; Computer Lab, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life SciencesThe aim of this study was to analyse milk production profitability over a period of more than a decade in a commercial farm in terms of two periods: prior to Poland's accession to the EU (from 1998 to April, 2004) and after accession (from May, 2004 to 2012). Obtained source data made it possible to calculate mean annual values for the following items in these calculations: the number of cows, production of milk sold, production of milk to be fed, milk sales price, calf rearing, sales of slaughter cattle, sales of culled cows, total income from milk production, direct costs, feed costs, handling costs, indirect costs including depreciation, total milk production costs, direct costs per 1 l produced milk, total costs per 1 l produced milk, profit/loss from cattle production, profit/loss from 1 l produced milk, value of production per 1 cow, profit/loss from milk production per 1 cow, the ratio of milk sales price to production costs and profitability index for milk production. Within this study data were also collected on profit/loss per 1 l produced milk and milk production profitability indexes in the analysed years. It was shown that following Poland's accession to the EU in the analysed farm statistically highly significant changes were observed in income and costs connected with the production of raw milk. Values of these parameters increased in comparison to the previous period. An increase was recorded in milk production and profit per 1 cow, which was most probably a consequence of breeding work and gained genetic progress and increased productivity in the herd. However, when comparing the period before and after Poland's accession no statistically significant differences were found for profit/loss per 1 l produced milk and milk production profitability indexes. The post-accession period in relation to the previous period was characterised by more dynamic changes in profitability indexes for raw milk production, which resulted in a lesser stability in profitability for this branch of animal production.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of results assessment of growth rates of simmental beef cattle in Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Przysucha, Tomasz; Gołębiewski, Marcin; Wnęk, Karolina; Slósarz, Jan; Kunowska-Slósarz, Małgorzata; Balcerak, Marek; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life SciencesThe aim of the study was to assess the utility of selected results of Simmental breed with respect to their compliance with the goal of racial breeding and standards adopted by the Polish Association of Breeders and Producers of Beef Cattle (PABPBC). The subject of the analysis were recording results of the Simmental beef cattle breed. The study was based on data for the years 2002–2014 of PABPBC and the National Center of Animal Breeding (NCAB) for 2000–2001. Evaluated properties are: average weight of cows [kg], the average body weight of calves after birth [kg], the terms of cows and heifers calving aptitude, the distribution of the population according to the order of calving cows. The average weight of cows in 2005–2006 amounting to 568.5 and 522.5 kg meet the breeding standards for of cows entered in the initial part of the herd book. which define the minimum weight of Simmental cows after first calving as 470 kg. The average weight at birth of heifers after 2009 began be lower than 33 kg. In purebred bulls decrease in the average birth weight was noticed.The average daily gains of heifers (550–560 g), guarantee obtaining at 15 months of age body weight allowing the commencement of breedingPozycja Open Access Analysis of the content of macro- and microelements in the leaves of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Jaroszewska, Anna; Biel, Wioletta; Gibczyńska, Marzena; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinSea buckthorn is used in the world primarily for its high nutritional value and unique healing properties. It is a plant with a small climate and soil requirements. The study was conducted to determine changes mineral compounds in leaves of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. rhamnoides), depending on the substrate type and the passage of time and assessment of the potential for sea buckthorn growth on saline and degraded soil. The determined the amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, sodium, molybdenum, chromium, lead, and cadmium. Shrubs of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. rhamnoides), of which leaves were collected in June 2015, were located in four sites in Szczecin. The soils, on which sea buckthorn bushes grow are alkaline. The different sites of the growing shrubs of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and the applied fertilization resulted in the differentiation of P, K, Ca, and Mg in leaves of the plant, but no change in N content was observed. Leaf samples collected a year earlier contained more N and P and less Ca and Mg. Leaves of sea buckthorn growing on the banks of the Odra river contained over ten times more Na, twice as much Fe, three times as much Mn as leaves of shrubs growing elsewhere. There was no difference in the amount of Mn in the leaves over the years, while those collected a year earlier contained more Fe. No presence of Mo, Pb, Cr and Cd was recorded in the leaves of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). Uptake of large amounts of Na, Ca, and Mg by sea buckthorn indicates the possibility of its growing on saline and degraded soils and the passage of time.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of the variability of registered cases of lyme disease among workers of private agriculture in west pomeranian voivodship(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Stawicki, Tomasz; Department of Engineering the Agrotechnic Systems, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe analysis of incidence to Lyme disease (Borreliosis) in West Pomeranian Voivodship within 2005–2014, in particular with taking into consideration the cases of Lyme disease diagnosed as an occupational disease among the persons providing work in individual agriculture, has been executed pursuant to the epidemiological data obtained from the sanitary stations. In total, 46 cases of Lyme disease were found among individual farmers within the examination period and they were considered as an occupational pathology in the form of an administrative decision. The distribution of the number of cases of diagnosed occupational disease was characterised by the growing trend at the average growth of the coefficient of incidence to Lyme disease per year - 2.38 cases to one hundred thousand of the persons working in agriculture. The results obtained indicate the growing risk of occurrence of Lyme disease among the persons working in agriculture, however the interpretation of the estimated measures of exposure is not clear. It results from the fact that observed dynamics of the changes of epidemiological status may result from a real growing of the occupational exposure in agriculture (e.g. in the aftermath of environmental changes) and, which is more probable, from a cumulative synergy of the environmental factors, growing awareness of farmers and more effective medical diagnostics.Pozycja Open Access Antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation in serum, breast and leg muscles of broiler chickens reared in two different systems and exposed to elevated air temperature(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Muchacka, Renata; Greń, Agnieszka; Kapusta, Edyta; Skomorucha, Iwona; Sosnówka-Czajka, Ewa; Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Pedagogical University of Cracow; Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Pedagogical University of Cracow; Department of Technology, Ecology and Economics of Animal Production, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, n. Krakow; Department of Technology, Ecology and Economics of Animal Production, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, n. Krakow; Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Pedagogical University of CracowThe aim of the study was to investigate possible oxidative damage in serum, breast and leg muscles in broiler chickens Ross 308 reared in two housing systems and exposed to high summer air temperature. 400 broiler chickens were divided into two groups (200 birde per group): I – birds kept on litter in an indoor system, II – chickens kept on litter with access to green paddocks. Birds were fed ad libitum standard diets based on concentrates. Throughout the study, birds had free access to water. Both groups were managed under uniform environmental (air humidity and temperature, lighting programme) and feeding conditions. In the 6th week of rearing, during high outdoor temperatures, antioxidant enzymes activity (CAT, SOD, GPx), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in serum, breast and leg muscles tissues were investigated. In addition, blood and tissue samples were collected 1 day before high summer outdoor temperatures. The results showed that elevated air temperature initiates oxidative stress in broiler chickens, regardless of rearing system, but broiler chickens using green paddocks were characterized by a more stable antioxidant system. High air temperatures initiate lipid peroxidation as indicated by increased MDA levels, however leg muscles are more sensitive to the effect of oxidative stress than breast muscles.Pozycja Open Access Assessment of the progress of integrated pest management products implementation into agricultural production space(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Zatoń, Kinga; Błaszak, Magdalena; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was aimed at assessing the progress of integrated pest management (IPM) implementation into agricultural practices. Assessment of farmers’ attitude to the new EU policy to reduce the use of insecticides as well as evaluating the real possibilities of biological methods use for plant protection was analyzed. Almost 60% of farmers whose farms were conducted in a conventional system declared the use of pesticides prophylactically. Farmers conducted intensive agriculture do not know the principles of IPM (prohibition of pesticides abuse). However, it is possible that these farmers know the restrictions introduced in 2014 without accepting them. It has been observed that in the group of farmers declaring the knowledge upon principles of IPM, the proportion of respondents aware of pesticides ecotoxicity increases. Therefore, a continuous education of farmers seems justified, but at simultaneous expanding the range of biological products and support mechanisms for farmers, who quit the intensive use of chemicals.Pozycja Open Access Assessment of the quality of raw milk purchased depending on the production scale(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Wójcik, Jerzy; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Pilarczyk, Renata; Rzewucka-Wójcik, Edyta; Jaszczowska, Jadwiga; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe purpose of the conducted studies was the assessment of the quality of raw milk purchased by the dairy plant, including the purchase volume, the quality of the raw milk and the seasonality of its purchase. Farms were divided by the amount of milk produced: 1 group to 5000 kg of milk per month; 2 groups 5001–10 000 kg of milk; 3 groups of 10 001 to 15 000 milk per month; 4 group over 15 000 kg of milk per month. A slightly higher percentage of fat in milk from group 4 was found. The microbiological purity of milk was similar in all groups, highlighting the small LKS and OLB. The existing seasonality of production has been observed. The production volume during the summer period was about 18% higher. It seems appropriate to continue to specialize farms and introduce in the bigger farms the full-year feeding system (TMR).Pozycja Open Access The assessment of water sanitary quality and the presence of drug-resistant Escherichia coli strains in waters used for recreation in lesser Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Chmiel, Maria J.; Wójtowicz, Paulina; Łojas, Ewelina; Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków; Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków; Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, KrakówThe presence of multi-drug resistant bacteria is no longer only a clinical problem because increasingly, during the microbiological water and soil analysis, the antibiotic resistant bacteria are isolated, which can be a significant health hazard. The aim of this study was the assessment of water sanitary quality and the occurrence of drug resistant strains of Escherichia coli in 10 sampling points located on selected water reservoirs used for recreation on the Dunajec river and reservoirs in Krakow area and Kryspinow. Collected water samples were examined by the membrane filtration technique to assess the number of E. coli. Drug resistance was tested using the disc diffusion method as well as the ESBL assay according to KORLD and EUCAST standards. Based on the results, it was found that in two sampling points located on the Biały Dunajec river the population of E. coli exceeded standards intended for bathing. Resistant strains were isolated mainly in one bathing place - Kryspinow – Na Piaskach, but they were also present in the waters of the Dunajec river. Most often isolates were resistant only to one of the tested antibiotics, the multidrug resistant E. coli were no isolated. The tested strains were mainly resistant to ticarcillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and tetracycline. All the tested strains were ESBL negative.Pozycja Open Access Association mapping of effective leaf rust resistance genes in collection of winter wheat(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Tyrka, Mirosław; Drzazga, Tadeusz; Kud, Jerzy; Miechurska, Violetta; Broda, Magdalena; Kopala, Monika; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Rzeszow University of Technology; Malopolska Plant Breeding Ltd, Poland; Malopolska Plant Breeding Ltd, Poland; Malopolska Plant Breeding Ltd, Poland; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Rzeszow University of Technology; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Rzeszow University of TechnologyLeaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina contributes to decrease of wheat yield worldwide. Development of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies allows for scanning of genotypes. Next, selected markers associated with agronomically important traits can be used for genomic selection. In the present study 94 haplotypes scored for 4599 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers extracted from DArTseq data were associated with reaction to leaf rust at adult stage estimated for three years in three locations. Mixed Linear Model (MLM) was applied to identify associations between haplotypes Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) and Final Leaf Rust score (FLR). We found 13 markers that explained from 6.2 to 14.6% variation in AUDPC. These markers generally presented unique loci distributed over chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3D, 4A, 6B and 7B. The markers associated with FLR explained from 8.5 to 21.0% of variation. For FLR, 20 markers associated with phenotypic variation were distributed over 10 wheat chromosomes. Chromosomes 2B, 3B and 5B were represented by multiple markers. The characterized genotypes can be crossed to accumulate markers associated with improved leaf rust resistance. Alternatively, mapping populations can be developed to map more precisely the resistance loci identified in association studies. The markers proposed can be directly used in genomic selection to improve leaf rust resistance in modern wheat cultivars.Pozycja Open Access Bacteriological contamination of water in selected bathing areas in Małopolska(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Chmiel, Maria J.; Mazur, Edyta; Król, Teresa; Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków; Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków; Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, KrakówMicrobiological contamination of waters used for recreational purposes may constitute a serious danger to the health of users. Only a few reservoirs in Lesser Poland are subjects of constant control and meet the microbiological criteria. The work was aimed at evaluating the degree of microbiological contamination of selected bathing areas in Małopolska voivodeship in the municipal areas Tarnow and Krakow. Samples were taken from 10 sampling points, three times in the period from June to October 2016. Microbiological analyzes of water were performed using membrane filtration and serial dilutions methods. The total number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria as well as number of Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci (enterococci) and staphylococci were determined. In all examined reservoirs the occurrence of microbiological indicators of bad hygienic condition of water was confirmed. Numerous occurred bacteria of the species E. coli, which was the main reason for the water being taken to those that did not meet the bathing area requirements. More contaminated were bathings in the municipality of Kraków than Tarnów, but these were not statistically significant differences. The amount of psychrophilic bacteria in the waters was higher than mesophilic ones, suggesting that the main source of microorganisms is the natural environment. Recreational areas under constant monitoring were characterized by slightly less contamination, but rarely met criteria for bathing due to the large number of indicator bacteria. The biggest water pollution was found at the peak of the tourist season in August. Considering the average values of measurements only bathing “Katamaran” meet the requirements.Pozycja Open Access Behaviour of calves(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Neja, Wojciech; Jankowska, Małgorzata; Bogucki, Mariusz; Krężel-Czopek, Sylwia; Zielińska, Sylwia; Ozkaya, Serkan; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Cattle Breeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz; Department of Animal Science, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, TurkeyThe activity of calves depends mainly on the way they are housed and not on their age. Because compromised welfare early in life may affect the profitability of future production, calves need to be fed colostrum after birth because their digestive tract is not physiologically active. Calves nurse their dams 7 times per day on average (for up to 70 minutes in total). Weaned calves are generally fed twice per day. Calves have the strongest sucking need between 4 and 5 weeks of age. Several-day-old calves that are housed in separate pens and artificially fed, spend around one-fifth of the day foraging or eating. Cattle have well-developed sense organs. The animals use their senses for foraging, spatial orientation, and social contacts. Cattle normally walk, and trot when frightened. Young calves often indulge in galloping, kicking with hind legs. During disease, the behaviour of calves considerably differs from normal. They respond differently to the environment, their appetite decreases, with changes in thirst, and sometimes in external appearance. Inadequate welfare levels lead to abnormal forms of behaviour, which are reflected in problems adapting to the environment (Kokocińska and Kaleta 2016).Pozycja Open Access Biological control of Fusarium culmorum isolated from the cultivation of white asparagus by Pseudomonas fluorescens(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Grata, Katarzyna; Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole UniversityAssessment of the effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens I-4 (Ps I-4) on the Fusarium culmorum isolated from the cultivation of white asparagus was the aim of the conducted research. Fusarium culmorum and other fungi were isolated on the PDA and asparagus media. Among the isolates obtained from soil, F. oxysporum and F. culmorum were the most dominant pathogens. The biological properties of non-volatile and volatile compounds of Ps I-4 were assessed with the culture-plate method on the PDA and Czapek media. The fungistatic activity of bacterium was determined against the growth rate index, the spore germination index and the rate of mycelial growth and spore inhibition. The results show differences in the fungistatic activity of P. fluorescens, dependent on the age and density of the bacterial culture, the type of medium and the presence of volatile or non-volatile metabolites. The obtained results prove, that Ps I-4 show a higher activity against the fungal spores germination (82–94% inhibition) than on mycelium growth of F. culmorum. The highest inhibition of the linear growth of mycelium has been observed for the supernatants obtained from a 6-hour culture (64–76% inhibition). P. fluorescens I-4 showed positive reactions for the production of HCN, siderophores, protease, lipase and phosphate solubilisation.Pozycja Open Access Body condition of male farm mink (Neovison vison) during a mating season(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Felska-Błaszczyk, Lidia; Dziadosz-Styś, Małgorzata; Ławrów, Natalia; Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the body condition of males of farmed mink (Neovison vison) and their behaviour as well as mating performance. The observations involved 170 males of Pearl mink. Before the the breeding season, males were assigned to three groups according to their condition: Group I – very thin, Group II – thin and ideal weight, Group III – heavy and obese. On the completion of the mating season, the following reproductive indices were analysed: number of days in mating, number of matings per day and during the entire mating season, fraction of males that failed to mate, incidence of aggressive behaviours. Statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences in the mean number of days in mating, total number of matings or daily number of matings. Male condition score has a significant effect on the behaviour of the animals. The highest rate of aggressive behaviours, 16%, was observed in groups I and II, i.e. in very thin, thin and ideal weight animals. Males of group III, i.e. overweight and obese, showed one half of aggressive behaviours, about 8%. A different pattern was seen in fur chewing, since none of thin or ideal-weight males (Group II) did chew its fur. Only very thin (Group I, 2%) and obese males (Group III, 4.17%) chewed their fur. Group I comprised the lowest fraction of males that failed to mate, about 6%, compared to approx. 10% in Groups I and III each.Pozycja Open Access Changes in milking intervals following automatic milking system installation in selected dairy cattle herds in Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Sitkowska, Beata; Aerts, Joanna; Piwczyński, Dariusz; Wójcik, Piotr; Kolenda, Magdalena; Department of Genetics and General Animal Breeding, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz; Lely East Ltd, Lisi Ogon; Department of Genetics and General Animal Breeding, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice near Krakow; Department of Genetics and General Animal Breeding, University of Science and Technology, BydgoszczOnly a limited number of studies looking into the impact of milking intervals on milk yield in cows milked in automatic milking system (AMS) have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to analyse changes in milking intervals in selected dairy cattle herds over a period of 2 years following AMS installation. The material for the present study was collected in Poland from three dairy farms with Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle. Information concerning milking frequency, milking intervals, and milk yield was collected. The database on which statistical tests were performed 48.160 records. The relationship between herd membership and the time that elapsed since the installation of the robot was investigated using the chi-square test of independence. It was found that over the studied period of time the number of milkings per day changed. The lowest number of milkings was recorded in the initial period following AMS installation, when animals were still adapting to AMS. This study established that, regardless of herd and group of cows (primiparous or multiparous) the largest number of voluntary visits to the milking robot occurred 6–9 hours after the last visit, with 50% of cows using the robots during that interval. In all periods under study, the highest milking frequency (3.12–3.18) was reported in the herd with the smallest average milk yield per milking.Pozycja Open Access Changes in the level of calcium, zinc and copper in the serum of horses in relation to the feeding season(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Górski, Krzysztof; Jania, Bartosz; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Reproduction and Animal Hygiene, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory LAB-WET, Warszawa; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe correct concentrations of biological elements allow biochemical processes to proceed normally, and thus enable the proper functioning of the organism. The aim of the study was to determine characteristics of the mineral metabolism of horses raised in a region characterized by mineral deficiencies as a basis for evaluating their diet. Ten horses were selected for the study (5 mares and 5 geldings), all kept in similar conditions. The horses were used for recreation and sport. The study was conducted in two periods: after the pasture season (end of November 2015) and at the beginning of the pasture season (end of May 2016). Blood was collected from the jugular vein into sterile test tubes without coagulant. The evaluation of the concentrations of copper and zinc in the blood serum of the horses revealed substantial deviations from physiological norms. The serum concentrations of Cu and Zn were below the lower reference levels. On the basis of the study it is difficult to conclusively state which factor is decisive in determining the content of calcium, zinc and copper in the serum of horses over the course of the year. It seems likely that the serum concentrations of these elements may be determined by their content in the horses’ feed. Therefore it would be advisable to supplement the supply of copper and zinc in the feed ration in both the summer and winter seasons. Moreover, further research should be conducted in the region to determine the supply of copper and zinc to horses.Pozycja Open Access Changes in udder skin surface temperature of dairy cows caused by machine milking(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Soroko, Maria; Zaborski, Daniel; Grzesiak, Wilhelm; Parafiniuk, Mirosław; Modrzejewski, Andrzej; Department of Horse Breeding and Equestrian Studies, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław; Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Forensic Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin; Laboratory of Surgical and Emergency Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, SzczecinThe aim of the present study was to indicate if machine milking significantly affects udder skin surface temperature (SST) to establish the most optimum time for SST measurement in mastitis detection. A total of 21 healthy Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and- White cows were used in the study. The thermograms were recorded from the rear and bottom of the udders in a milking parlour before and after milking in the same cows. Two geometric tools (circles and squares) available in a computer program were used to measure an average SST, its minimum, maximum and standard deviation. The mean value of the average temperature of circles was higher (P ≤0.05) before milking (36.48oC and 36.61oC for the right and left hind quarter, respectively) than after it (36.24oC and 36.09oC for the right and left hind quarter, respectively). Also, the mean temperature of squares for the left hind quarter was higher (P ≤0.05) before milking (36.58oC) than after it (35.88oC). There was only one significant difference (P ≤0.05) in the temperature (circles) between the left and right hind quarters (the range of the temperature after milking). Consequently, temperature measurement performed for potential mastitis detection should always be made at the same moment, as milking significantly affects skin surface temperature of the udder.Pozycja Open Access Comparison of propagation method in in vitro and in vivo condition of Lonicera caerulea L.(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Krupa-Małkiewicz, Marcelina; Ochmian, Ireneusz; Smolik, Miłosz; Ostrowska, Krystyna Maria; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of rooting of blue honeysuckle of ‘Wojtek’ cultivar in vitro. Moreover, suitability of different soil substrate for rooting the lignified herbaceous cuttings in vivo was evaluated. The process of disinfection was the decisive factor in the process of preparing the explants for the propagation. Among the disinfection solutions used for sterilization of ‘Wojtek’ microshoots, the best results were obtained after application of 10% NaOCl solution. Initiation and propagation of blue honeysuckle proceed with the highest efficiency in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, and no positive effect of BAP cytokine on this process was reported. Proper selection of composition of the medium guaranteed high performance of rooting of explants in vitro – lack of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in MS medium led to a decrease in the percentage of rooted plants. The addition of auxins to MS medium had a stimulating effect on plant height, length, and number of roots. In the greenhouse, four-node lignified cuttings in the medium prepared with perlite and peat were rooted with the highest performance. Rooting of lignified herbaceous cuttings in the substrate prepared with peat and perlite stimulated the development of the root system as well. The worst influence for rooted cuttings was observed in sand.