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Pozycja Open Access Handling of Stray Dogs in the Polish Lands From the 19th To the 21 St Century With Conside Ration of Irregularities in This Area(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Hanusz, Ewa; Skibniewska, Ewa M.; Skibniewski, Michał; District Veterinary Inspectorate, Kłodzka 12, 57-500 Bystrzyca Kłodzka, Poland; Departament of Biology of Animal Environment, Institute of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Departament of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, PolandDomestic animal homelessness is a long-known and ever-present phenomenon in Poland. Left unattended, animals pose a threat to people, their farms, public order and epidemiological safety. “The problem” was attempted to solve as early as the 19th century. Although the main purpose behind catching stray dogs was the need to remove them from public space, attention was drawn already in distant times to issues related to improper and brutal handling during the catching, transporting, keep- ing and killing of unwanted pets. Nowadays, animals entering shelters can no longer be killed, but the problem of their homelessness is still present and has not been effectively resolved over the years. Changes in the political system and regulations have not guaranteed that they are properly protected and cared for in shelters, as there are still cases of inhumane treatment of animals in these facilities. There have also been no effective solutions to significantly reduce the scale of the phenomenon of dog abandonment in Poland. The lack of an obligation to sterilize mixed-breed individuals means that there are a lot of them, so that any person can come into possession of a dog without any difficulty, which, combined with the lack of mandatory, permanent and enabling owner identification marking, means that there are still tens of thousands of stray dogs in Poland, and responsibility for their abandonment can easily be avoided. The aim of the study is to showcase changes in the treatment of stray animals that occured during the last century.Pozycja Open Access Occupational Health and Safety When Handling Farm Animals(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Pilarczyk, Maria; Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, PolandIn 2021, 12,088 accidents involving animals were reported to the Regional Branches and Local Units of KRUS in Poland: 10.2% more than in 2020. The most common causes of such acci- dents are poor housing conditions and a lack of knowledge about how to handle them, the latter of which is exacerbated by high employee turnover and a lack of adequate training. Employee training should cover animal welfare assessment, dealing with animals, the use of personal and collective pro- tective equipment, as well as first aid and biological hazard assessment. To maintain a good standard of occupational safety on a farm, the conditions for rearing and breeding animals, and the rules of their operation, should be reviewed on an ongoing basis. Bulls, stallions, boars, rams and goats prone to kicking and biting are considered dangerous animals and special precautions should be taken when handling them. Only a good knowledge of basic animal behaviour, together with improved animal wel- fare, proper handling practices, and the use of appropriate containment equipment, will ensure safe handling of animals. Currently, all work with animals is governed by the Regulation of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development on Occupational Health and Safety when Handling Farm Animals dated 4 August 2017 (Journal of Laws of 2017, item 1692).Pozycja Open Access Monitoring Proposal of The Species Aporia Crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) in Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Kowalska, Milena; Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, PolandThe Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758) is a large butterfly of the Pieridae family. Its range extends from northwest Africa in the west to the Transcaucasia and across the Palearctic to Siberia and Japan in the east. In the south, it occurs in Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, Lebanon and Syria, while it is not found in northern Scandinavia and is extinct in the British Isles. Although it is a fairly widespread species, its biology and population size are still poorly understood. In Poland, a decrease in its number was observed. Due to the lack of developed monitoring methods for the Aporia crataegi, the paper proposes an example of how to conduct such research. The main goal is to estimate the size of the species population and to assess the quality of the habitats it occupies. The research methodology is based on the counting of caterpillar nests on the designated transects and on the assessment of the quality of the habitat according to the indicated indicators. Such studies can provide valuable data on the species habitat requirements, as well as information on potential threats affecting the population, which could be used to implement appropriate conservation methods.Pozycja Open Access The Use of Lactation Persistence as an Indicator in the Selection of the Maternal Lines of HF Cows(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Wójcik, Piotr; Cwynar, Marzena; Pankowski, Mateusz; National Research Institute of Animal Production, Department of Cattle Production, Poland; Kombinat Rolny Kietrz Ltd., Poland; Alta Genetics Ltd., PolandThe research material for this study consisted of a group of 163 Polish Holstein Friesian cows (PHF). For the study, the cows were assigned to 14 maternal lineages covering three generations. The aim of this study was to indicate possibilities for selecting cows with the goal of maintaining lineages on the farm which are characterised high productive qualities based on lactation persistency index. Basic milk parameters were analysed over a 305-day lactation cycle and information on somatic cell content was also gathered based on sample milkings. A characterisation of lactation persistency for a given lactation was generated as a percent difference between milk yield in the 2nd and 10th month of lactation, and a lactation persistency curve was developed for particular lineages in successive lactations, representing changes in the productivity of the cows. It was determined that together with increasing numbers of lactations among the cows studied, the average lactation persistency index also increased. For younger cows, this index did not exceed 30%, while in the older group this index amounted to 70%. Cows with the highest lactation persistency values 70.1–80% were also characterised by the highest milk production in average daily milk yields during peak lactation, amounting to 56.14 kg at values of for the index. Cows which began their milk production stage with a high persistency index in the 1st and 2nd lactations, in successive lactations saw a significant decrease in this index. Breeding cattle within maternal lines characterized by a high and stable level of lactation persistence index can ensure a high level of milk production in this line of cows.Pozycja Open Access Influence of the Genotype and Gender of Young Beef Cattle on the Value of Carcasses Purchased by one of the Polish Meat Processing Plants(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Salamończyk, Ewa; Grzeszek, Kamil; Guliński, Piotr; Wrzecińska, Marcjanna; ; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Poland; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Poland; Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Poland; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Department of Ruminant Science, PolandThe quality of beef is determined, among others, by factors such as breed, age and sex of slaughtered animals and fattening intensity. The aim of the study was to assess carcass quality of young cattle purchased by a selected domestic meat processing plant. The study included a group of 300 bulls and 300 heifers with selected genotypes (Limousine breed; crossbreds – Charolaise, Limousine, Simental × Polish Holstein-Friesian; Polish Holstein-The quality of beef is determined, among others, by factors such as breed, age and sex of slaughtered animals and fattening intensity. The aim of the study was to assess carcass quality of young cattle purchased by a selected domestic meat processing plant. The study included a group of 300 bulls and 300 heifers with selected genotypes (Limousine breed; crossbreds – Charolaise, Limousine, Simental × Polish Holstein-Friesian; Polish Holstein-Friesian breed). The following were determined for each animal: body weight before slaughter (kg), hot carcass weight (kg), hot carcass quality index (%), carcass conformation class and carcass fatness class according to the EUROP system. The mean body weight of slaughtered animals was found to be 650 kg. Carcass yield of the assessed young cattle was on average 54%. Carcasses of bulls (non-castrated males) were on average 90 kg heavier and had 3 pp. higher carcass yield than carcasses of uncalved females (P < 0.05). The conformation classes of the EUROP system showed that almost 48% of the carcasses of young Limousine bulls reached the highest classes, i.e. E− and U. Limousine bulls (57.2%) had the highest carcass yield among the determined genotypic groups. The desired lowest degree of fatness was found in carcasses of bulls of all genotypes (an average of 2.9 points).Pozycja Open Access Principles of Coexistence of Dogs and Cats Sharing a Living Environment(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Bombik, Elżbieta; Mandał, Jakub; Department of Bioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Bioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesPopular opinion holds that dogs and cats are eternal enemies that are unable to communicate. In many households in Poland and other countries, they are not kept together in the home for fear of conflicting personalities or behaviour. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that despite their many differences, dogs and cats can live together and share a living environment. To test this hypothesis, a questionnaire was created and completed by owners of animals of these two species. The questionnaire contained questions about the animals’ characteristics and their behaviour towards the other species with which they coexist. Answers were provided by 87 individuals. The questionnaire consisted of closed questions with one answer or multiple answers. It was divided into three sections: questions about the respondent’s cat, questions about the dog, and questions about the social be- haviour of the cat and the dog. To compare the results for the two species, the answers to two of the questions were grouped into categories of behaviour. The survey showed that the respondents’ pets were mainly in the age range of 2–8 years, and that mixed breeds were predominant. The results indi- cated that dogs and cats are largely friendly towards one another. Thus it can be concluded that these two species can live together in the same household provided that certain criteria are met. The most important of these are an adequate length of time spent in the litter with the mother, so that the animal can acquire appropriate behaviour patterns, and contact with the other species at a very early age.Pozycja Open Access Dog’s Behaviour in a Veterinary Office(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Rudnik, Karolina; Królaczyk, Katarzyna; Gościewska, Katarzyna; Department of Animal Anatomy and Zoology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal HusbandryWest Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Animal Anatomy and Zoology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal HusbandryWest Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Multimedia Systems, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandA dog, just like a human, has the ability to feel many emotions directly related to a given situation. Out of all the emotions a dog experiences, fear is the one that causes unpredictable behaviour. The undisputed source of stress for a dog may be a visit to a veterinary office and related medical procedures, separation from the owner, but also pheromones left by other animals. The aim of this study was to determine the dog’s stress level in a veterinary office depending on its age. The material was collected by an electronic survey in February 2021 among 381 dog owners. The analysis of the results concerning the dog’s behaviour was carried out according to the age groups of dogs and the five-point scale of answers. In the second part of the study, the occurrence of certain dog behaviours was checked depending on the owner’s stress level. The final stage of the research was the use of selected music as a factor reducing stress in dogs and observation of their behaviour (in January and February 2022). The most common stress behaviours reported by the owners were: lowered body posture, tail tuck, retracted ears, and trying to escape, nose licking. Our own research proved that the calmer the owner is, the lower the frequency of stress reactions in the dog. It was found that dogs exposed to calming music while waiting in the waiting room for an appointment showed fewer stress reactions than dogs waiting in the waiting room without music.Pozycja Open Access Initial Observations on Preventive Measures in Herds of Dairy Cows of Conserved and Highly Productive Breeds(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Kępka, Katarzyna; Wójcik, Ewa; Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, PolandCattle of conserved breeds are more resistant, healthier, and more adaptable to unfavour- able environmental conditions, with less rigid feed requirements. In contrast, cattle of highly productive breeds are more sensitive to deviations in environmental conditions and therefore are assumed to require a wider range of preventive actions. The aim of the study was to present the differences and similarities in the use of preventive measures in herds of cattle of conserved and high-yielding breeds. The data for the study were collected by means of an Internet survey. A total of 150 responses from dairy cattle farmers were obtained, from four producer groups. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by the chi-squared test. It was concluded from the responses that farmers raising high-yielding breeds more often make use of prophylactic tools such as regular veterinary and zootechnical checks, microclimate measurements, TMR and PMR feeding systems, balancing of feed rations, feed quality testing (especially haylage and maize silage), and use value assessment. However, high-yielding cows had access to pasture much less often than cattle of breeds included in a genetic resources conservation programme. Breeding progress is important in the development of a breeding farm, and therefore farmers should be aware of the value of genetic and cytogenetic testing as additional tools broadening the range of preventive measures that could improve the genetic pool in the dairy cattle population in Poland.Pozycja Open Access Preliminary Analysis of the Production Performance of Edible Snails Helix Aspersa Aspersa Fed A Diet Supplemented With Calcium Pidolate(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2022) Kaim-Mirowski, Sabina; Banaszewska, Dorota; Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, PolandIn the last few decades there has been an upward trend in consumption of edible snails of the species Helix aspersa in European countries. In the 1990s the first Helix aspersa aspersa snail farms in Poland appeared, and the country’s heliculture now accounts for about 10% of European pro- duction. Parameters used to calculate the profitability of production play an important role in all farming systems; in the case of snails these include the feed conversion rate and yield (kg per m²). Recent years have seen growing interest in organic sources of microelements as feed additives to increase productivity and enhance immunity. Therefore the aim of the study was to conduct pilot research on the effect of the addition of calcium pidolate to the diet on selected production and quality parame- ters in snails Helix aspersa aspersa. The experiment was carried out on two plots on a snail farm. Agrimony was grown on the two plots. The snails were fed grower and finisher diets. The diet for the experimental group was supplemented with 0.075% calcium pidolate. The experiment was continued until the snails reached somatic and commercial maturity. The snails in the experimental group were shown to mature earlier and weigh more, resulting in more kilograms of live weight per m². Moreover, the percentage of snails classified as quality class I was higher in the experimental group. The amount of feed provided until completion of the cycle was higher in the control group, which could result in a longer fattening period and higher FCR. The pilot experiment carried out in snails Helix aspersa aspersa demonstrated that the addition of calcium pidolate to the diet of snails can result in a higher final weight and lower feed consumption.