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Pozycja Open Access Metabolic potential of bacteria strains isolated from poultry industry waste(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Wrońska, Ilona; Cybulska, Krystyna; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinMicrobial composition of poultry industry wastes was very diverse. They are inhabited by microorganisms that use organic substance to their growth. An appropriate composition of microorganisms is very important in the organic matter decomposition rate. Therefore, microorganisms that contribute to decomposition of several compounds are quite desired. The study dealt with the evaluation of metabolic activity of bacterial strains towards lipids, protein, and starch. The strains were isolated from the poultry waste environment. Metabolic potential of bacterial strains was determined based on the activity index and taking into account the hydrolysis zone diameter and colony diameter. Bacterial strains to a different degree decomposed the organic compounds. Their metabolic activity and direction towards substrates depended on the type of isolated bacterial strains.Pozycja Open Access Influence of distillation apparatus and distillation time on the yield and chemical composition of winter savory essential oil(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Wesołowska, Aneta; Grzeszczuk, Monika; Jadczak, Dorota; Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of the studies conducted in 2014–2015 was to determine the influence of distillation apparatus as well as distillation time on the yield and chemical composition of winter savory (Satureja montana L.) essential oil. Isolation of the essential oil from S. montana herb, collected during flowering period, was carried out using two different distillation apparatuses: Deryng and Clevenger. Moreover, different distillation times (2, 3 and 4 hours) were also applied. The obtained essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of 47 compounds in the essential oils obtained in Deryng and Clevenger apparatus, respectively. Carvacrol (54.44–68.53%) was the major constituent of all S. montana oil samples. Other important compounds were: γ-terpinene (5.21–8.67%), p-cymene (4.40–9.53%), α-terpinene (1.20–2.04%) and β-caryophyllene (4.58–5.77%). On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the time of distillation of S. montana herb in Deryng apparatus had no significant effect on its content. However, the amount of volatile oil obtained in Clevenger apparatus was significantly influenced by distillation time. Moreover, there was no significant effect of the distillation time on the amount of the main essential oil constituents obtained with both types of apparatuses. However, there was a significant interaction found between the constituent and the distillation time.Pozycja Open Access Daily activity of polish holstein-friesian cows depending on variable housing conditions during lactation(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Mróz, Piotr; Wójcik, Piotr; Pankowski, Mateusz; Faculty of Animal Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice; Alta Polska Ltd., ŁowiczThe aim of the study was to analyse the activity of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows depending on variable housing conditions during lactation, associated with short-term (30-day) reduction in the living area. The study used two groups of cows (25 animals per group) housed in sections with or without an outdoor area and subjected to temporary (30-day) crowding as well as one group of cows subjected to decreasing stocking density. All animals were fitted with pedometers on the hind legs, which recorded data on activity (steps/hour), resting frequency (times per day), resting bout duration (minutes), and total resting time (minutes). Activity analysis of the groups performed before the change in stocking density showed that in the group of cows without outdoor access, fourth lactation cows (175.59 steps/h) and primiparous cows were the most active (147.09 steps/h). Primiparous cows rested most frequently (14.14) and showed longest total resting time (588.73 min). In the group with outdoor access, significantly highest activity was shown by primiparous cows (132.18 steps/h) and lowest activity by fourth lactation cows (108.92 steps/h). Fourth lactation cows were also characterized by lowest resting frequency (8.41) and lowest total resting time (525.16 min), as well as longest resting bout (74.91 min). Following the first increase in stocking density, the group of cows without outdoor access showed very high activity (133.65 steps/h), and the cows with outdoor access reduced their activity. The next increase in stocking density caused the confined cows to increase their activity, which was associated with increasing stress, while the group of cows with outdoor access did not respond with higher activity but the duration of resting bout increased (61.16 min) and its frequency decreased. As a result, total resting time was shorter than in the group without outdoor access. In the group without outdoor access, rests were less frequent but longer (59.91 min), which could be due to the difficulty finding a place to rest. In all the study groups, total resting time decreased to an unprecedented time of less than 490 min.Pozycja Open Access The mycological status of green forages and silages from a mixture of legumes with grasses and whole crop maize(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Dorszewski, Piotr; Grabowicz, Małgorzata; Department of Animal Science, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz; Department of Animal Science, UTP University of Science and Technology, BydgoszczThe number of fungi (yeasts and moulds) in silages is the determinant of their hygienic quality. The research material was green forage from a mixture of legumes and grasses and whole crop maize. The study was conducted in 2012‒2014. Each year, green forages of a 2nd swath of a legume-grasses mixture being in 3-year field crop were ensiled. The green forages from maize of the same hybrid, cultivated according to the principles of crop rotation, were ensiled in wax stage. Chopped green forages was compacted and ensiled in minisilos with a capacity of 8654 cm3, which were opened after 6 weeks. In order to determine the number of moulds and yeasts in green forages and silages, mycological analysis was performed in accordance with PN-ISO 21527-1 : 2009. The mycological status of ensilaged green forages was bad. The number of moulds of the green forages of the legume-grasses mixtures was from 5.4225 (3rd year) to 5.4472 lg cfu ・ g‒1 (1st year), and yeast was at level from 4.9977 (3rd year) to 5.5792 lg cfu ・ g‒1 (1st year). Moulds in whole crop maize occurred in the number of 4.6514 (1st year) to 6.4928 lg cfu ・ g‒1 (2nd year), while yeast from 6.6710 (2nd year) to 7.2657 lg cfu ・ g‒1 (1st year). Silages had significantly (P ≤ 0.001) less fungus than in green fodders. The hygienic quality of silages from the legume-grass mixtures was good in each year of the study. The number of mould and yeast did not exceed 3 lg cfu ・ g‒1. Silages from whole crop maize had bad hygienic quality. Only in the silage of the 3rd year of the study, the presence of mould at a level of 1.7940 was noted, but yeast amounted to 6.2810 lg cfu ・ g‒1.Pozycja Open Access Effect of sodium fluoride on some morphological and physiological parameters of 10-day-old seedlings of various plant species(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pelc, Justyna; Smolik, Beata; Krupa-Małkiewicz, Marcelina; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinFluorine is one of the most toxic elements for plants resulting from its high electronegativity. Fluorine compounds, the penetration into the plant tissue, may cause a variety of physiological and biochemical changes. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of 10 mM sodium chloride (NaF) on morphological parameters (root length, shoot length) and physiological parameters (proline, total chlorophyll and carotenoids) in leaves of 10-day-old seedlings of various species of crop plants under laboratory conditions. Results obtained in this experiment showed that fluoride adversely affecting the morphological parameters and physiological parameters of the test plants when compared to control. Among 10 studied plants, three species (barley, radish ‘Minowase Summer Cross’, lupine) indicated high tolerance to NaF compared to the other tested plants. The most sensitive to lead exposure were wheat, radish ‘Carmen’, alfalfa, sunflower, tomato.Pozycja Open Access Response of soil peroxidases to 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with tetrafluoroborate anion(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Telesiński, Arkadiusz; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of study was to determine effect of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids with tetradluoroborate anion on activity of soil peroxidases. The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions with samples of loamy sand (Corg 8.71 g · kg–1, pHKCl 6.36), sandy loam (Corg 10.92 g · kg–1, pHKCl 6.81) and sandy clay loam (Corg 33.81 g · kg–1, pHKCl 7.13). Samples were sieved through a 2-mm mesh, and then three ionic liquids: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [BMIM][BF4], 1-bhexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [HMIM][BF4], and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [OMIM][BF4] at the dosages of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 mg · kg–1 were added to soil. Activity of peroxidases was measured spectrophotometrically on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 112. Application of different dosages of all ILs caused mainly significant changes in activity of peroxidases. Changes in activity of peroxidases depended on the dosage of ionic liquids, incubation time, and soil properties. The effect of ILs on activity of peroxidases increased not only with an increasing dosage, but also with elongation of alkyl substituents in the cation. The highest impact of ILs on activity of peroxidases was observed in loamy sand.Pozycja Open Access Fungal contamination in poultry waste during the industrial processing(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Oraibi, Sanaa Mahdi; Cybulska, Krystyna; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe poultry industry produces large amounts of waste that include solid waste and waste water. Although, numerous studies have been conducted on microbial associates with various stages related to poultry and meat products processing. Only a few studies have been reported on fungal exists of poultry wastes. The aim of this study investigation of fungi associated with different poultry wastes. The sample of poultry wastes included feathers, slime, biological sludge and compost. The samples were taken at various times in peroid from 2015–2016 from different poultry slaughter houses. Isolation of fungi was performed by serial dilution and plating methods on Rose Bengal Agar (RBA), medium supplemented with antibiotic. Identification of fungi was carried out by microscopic and genetic analysis 18S ribosomal RNA gene. The number of fungi (cfu · g–1 d.m.) were isolated from chicken and goose feathers 103–104, from duck and turkey feathers even 106–107, compost 103–105, slime – 104 and biological sludge – 104–106. From the overall analysis, the dependence between the number of fungi and various type of samples and the season of taking the samples were found and type of poultry slaughter houses.Pozycja Open Access Physiological reaction of basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) to zinc excess(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Malinowska, Katarzyna; Wróbel, Jacek; Mikiciuk, Małgorzata; Studziński, Mateusz; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe influence of zinc salt, in a concentration range of 50 to 650 mg · dm–3, on the physiological response of basket willow was studied on Bjor, Tora and Jorr varieties which were grown in hydroponics. Content of chloroplast pigments, relative water content (RWC), water saturation deficit (WSD), intensity of assimilation and transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate of water use efficiency (WUE) and instantaneous photosynthetic rate of water use (WUEI) were determined in leaves. It was observed that the decrease in concentration of tested physiological parameters correlated with the increase of zinc salt doses in the medium. The assimilation and transpiration of basket willow were significantly limited by stomata. The addition of zinc salt to the medium increased water saturation deficit in leaves of all three Salix viminalis verities.Pozycja Open Access Development of fermented beverages based on acid whey(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Skryplonek, Katarzyna; Jasińska, Małgorzata; Department of Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinAcid whey is a valuable raw material obtained during acid-coagulated cheese and acid casein production. Nowadays whey processing techniques are well developed, however the utilization of acid whey, due to low pH, still remains a challenge especially for small dairy plants. The aim of the study was to design and evaluate the fermented beverages based on acid whey containing yogurt bacteria starter cultures. In order to enrich casein content and obtain product with quality characteristics similar to fermented milk drinks, whey was combined with milk, unsweetened condensed milk or skimmed milk powder. Moreover, the beverages were supplemented with prebiotics: inulin and oligofructose and whey protein concentrates. The evaluation of the beverages included acidity measurement and sensorial analysis. Moreover the conditions of whey pasteurization were evaluated. According to the results, the best raw materials and additives were selected. It was stated, that to obtain the product with good sensory characteristics, the addition of milk must amount minimum 50%. The results allowed to invent several kinds of fermented beverages with desirable properties. The most appropriate conditions of whey heat treatment was pasteurization at the temperature of 72°C for 10 minutes. The obtained results indicated that acid whey can be considered as a raw material for the production of fermented beverages with acceptable sensory quality. The practical impact of the work comes from the aspect, that it presents the new method of direct utilization of acid whey and it may be a new, attractive alternative for dairy industry.Pozycja Open Access Hemolymph pH as a marker of pesticide exposition(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Maliszewska, Justyna; Wyszkowska, Joanna; Tęgowska, Eugenia; Department of Animal Toxicology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń; Department of Biophysics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń; Department of Animal Toxicology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ToruńChanges in blood biochemical parameters reflects disorders in the whole body after exposition to contaminants. Insect hemolymph circulates in direct contact with the animals’s tissues, therefore every disruption that appears in the body is reflected in change of hemolymph parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of hemolymph pH as the marker of insecticide intoxication. Experiments were performed on mealworms Tenebrio molitor L., intoxicated with insecticides’ characterized by different mechanisms of insecticidal action – pyrethroid, oxadiazine, neonicotinoid and organophospate in different ambient temperatures (15°C, 25°C and 35°C). Hemolymph pH and insects’ mortality after intoxication was assessed after three days from insecticides application. The results obtained showed a correlation between mortality and pH of the hemolymph. Intoxication with insecticides resulted in pH decrease: the greater decline was determined, the higher mortality was observed. The results indicate that hemolymph pH may be used as a marker of organism exposition to xenobiotics.Pozycja Open Access Antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid peroxidation in serum, breast and leg muscles of broiler chickens reared in two different systems and exposed to elevated air temperature(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Muchacka, Renata; Greń, Agnieszka; Kapusta, Edyta; Skomorucha, Iwona; Sosnówka-Czajka, Ewa; Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Pedagogical University of Cracow; Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Pedagogical University of Cracow; Department of Technology, Ecology and Economics of Animal Production, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, n. Krakow; Department of Technology, Ecology and Economics of Animal Production, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, n. Krakow; Department of Animal Physiology and Toxicology, Pedagogical University of CracowThe aim of the study was to investigate possible oxidative damage in serum, breast and leg muscles in broiler chickens Ross 308 reared in two housing systems and exposed to high summer air temperature. 400 broiler chickens were divided into two groups (200 birde per group): I – birds kept on litter in an indoor system, II – chickens kept on litter with access to green paddocks. Birds were fed ad libitum standard diets based on concentrates. Throughout the study, birds had free access to water. Both groups were managed under uniform environmental (air humidity and temperature, lighting programme) and feeding conditions. In the 6th week of rearing, during high outdoor temperatures, antioxidant enzymes activity (CAT, SOD, GPx), glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in serum, breast and leg muscles tissues were investigated. In addition, blood and tissue samples were collected 1 day before high summer outdoor temperatures. The results showed that elevated air temperature initiates oxidative stress in broiler chickens, regardless of rearing system, but broiler chickens using green paddocks were characterized by a more stable antioxidant system. High air temperatures initiate lipid peroxidation as indicated by increased MDA levels, however leg muscles are more sensitive to the effect of oxidative stress than breast muscles.Pozycja Open Access The quality and aerobic stability of silages from a mixture of legumes with grasses with a chemical and microbiological additives(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Dorszewski, Piotr; Grabowicz, Małgorzata; Department of Animal Science, UTP University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz; Department of Animal Science, UTP University of Science and Technology, BydgoszczThe best way of preserving wet roughage is ensiling. However, fermentation which is performed improperly can lead to obtaining poor quality silage. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a chemical preservative and a microbial additive containing lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus buchneri, on the chemical composition, quality and aerobic stability of silages. The experimental material was wilted (302.8 g dry matter ・ kg‒1) green forage from the second swath of a mixture of legumes with grasses in the first year of use which was ensiled in cylindrical experimental polyvinyl chloride (PVC) minisilos with a capacity of 8654 cm3. Three types of silage (in 4 minisilos each) were made: control without additive, with a chemical additive and with an inoculant. The chemical preservative consisted of a mixture of acids: 22.5‒27.5% lactic acid; 26.2‒33.7% phosphoric acid; 3.8‒5.1% formic acid; 3.8‒5.1% propionic acid ‒ dosage 6 l ・ t‒1 of green forage. The Enterococcus faecium, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lcb. casei, Lcb. buchneri, Pediococcus pentosaceus bacteria contained a microbiological additive in the amount of 15 ・ 109 cfu ・ g‒1 of the preparation - dosage 150 g ・ t‒1 of green forage. The ensilability of green forage was evaluated, a chemical composition analysis of silage was performed and their qualitative parameters were determined ‒ pH, N-NH3 to Ntotal, content of lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acids was determined. The stability of silage under aerobic conditions was also evaluated. The ensilability of the green forage was middle. The silage with a chemical additive contained more dry matter, lactic acid and acetic acid, and less acid detergent fibre (ADF) than the control silage. The silage with the inoculant contained more dry matter, nitrogen-free extracts (NfE), lactic acid and acetic acid, and less crude fat and crude fibre, butyric acid and ADF compared to the silage without additives. The additives did not improve the aerobic stability of silage from the legume-grass mixture.Pozycja Open Access Dependencies between prl gene polymorphism and production progress in polish holstein-friesian black-and-white cows(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Stanisławski, Daniel; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Computer Lab, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of this study was to analyse dependencies between PRL gene polymorphism within exon 4 of bovine chromosome 23 (locus g.8398G>A), and the level of production progress in milk yield, yields of milk fat and milk protein in Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and- -White cows. Results of this study indicate dependencies between genotype at locus g.8398G>A of the PRL gene and production progress in terms of milk yield as well as the yields of milk fat and milk protein. The greatest production progress and cumulative progress for milk yield as well as yields of milk fat and milk protein were shown for the AG heterozygotes at locus g.8398G>A, while the lowest values of analysed parameters were recorded for the AA homozygotes.Pozycja Open Access Biological control of Fusarium culmorum isolated from the cultivation of white asparagus by Pseudomonas fluorescens(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Grata, Katarzyna; Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Opole UniversityAssessment of the effect of Pseudomonas fluorescens I-4 (Ps I-4) on the Fusarium culmorum isolated from the cultivation of white asparagus was the aim of the conducted research. Fusarium culmorum and other fungi were isolated on the PDA and asparagus media. Among the isolates obtained from soil, F. oxysporum and F. culmorum were the most dominant pathogens. The biological properties of non-volatile and volatile compounds of Ps I-4 were assessed with the culture-plate method on the PDA and Czapek media. The fungistatic activity of bacterium was determined against the growth rate index, the spore germination index and the rate of mycelial growth and spore inhibition. The results show differences in the fungistatic activity of P. fluorescens, dependent on the age and density of the bacterial culture, the type of medium and the presence of volatile or non-volatile metabolites. The obtained results prove, that Ps I-4 show a higher activity against the fungal spores germination (82–94% inhibition) than on mycelium growth of F. culmorum. The highest inhibition of the linear growth of mycelium has been observed for the supernatants obtained from a 6-hour culture (64–76% inhibition). P. fluorescens I-4 showed positive reactions for the production of HCN, siderophores, protease, lipase and phosphate solubilisation.Pozycja Open Access Effects of deficiency and excess of phosphorus and potassium in hydroponics on selected physiological and biometrical traits of basket willow (Salix viminalis L.)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Rokosa, Marta; Mikiciuk, Małgorzata; Wróbel, Jacek; Łowicka, Milena; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinBasket willow (Salix viminalis L.) is one of so-called energy crops, which are used to renewable energy source. In conducted research rated effects of deficiency and excess of phosphorus and potassium on selected physiological traits of two willow genotypes: ‘Bjor’ and ‘Tora’ in hydroponics. The purpose of the study was to select genotype which is more resistant to disturbed trophic relationships in the environment. To full Hoagland medium (control sample) added 20% and 40% phosphorus and potassium and also reduced the content of these elements by 20% and 40%. A number of shoots produced by plants, the length the shoots, yield of the fresh and dry mass of the aboveground and root systems and water balance of both examined willows were determined. The results indicated that the ‘Tora’ and ‘Bjor’ are similarly resistant to variable nutritional conditions by phosphorus and potassium.Pozycja Open Access The growth of soil fungi Penicillium in the presence of N-(2-pyridylamino) methylenebisphosphonate as an alternative source of nutrients(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Krzyśko-Łupicka, Teresa; Kręcidło, Łukasz; Kręcidło, Magdalena; Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Opole; Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Opole; Independent Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of OpoleN-(2-pyridylamino)methylenobisphosphonic acid exhibits high herbicidal capability. In this we would like to examine its interaction with soil microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of Penicillium strains to grow in the presence of 1 mM N-(2- -pyridylamino)methylenobisphosphonic acid as an alternative source of phosphorus, nitrogen or carbon. The pure fungal cultures have been grown in Czapek medium or modificated medium, at 25°C for 1–4 weeks. The growth of fungi in full mineral pH 5.6 and pH 4.0 media was considered as controls, whereas the growth of fungi in medium without nutriment (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, nitrogen and phosphorus) was an absolute control. In our studies we determined: the kinetics of mycelial growth, fungi morphology, degree of degradation of N-(2-pyridylamino)methylenobisphosphonic acid by spectrophotometric UV-VIS and changes of media pH. Tested fungi did not use a N-(2-pyridylamino)methylenobisphosphonic acid as an alternative source nutrition. In each of the modified growth medium, inhibition of mycelial growth was observed. However, no changes of the concentration of studied acid in medium was observed. Simultaneously, we noticed phenotypic changes of the fungi what indicate that the metabolic disturbances in the presence of acid.Pozycja Open Access Dart markers linked with genes controlling restoration of male fertility in hybrid rye cultivars with improved pollen shedding(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Stojałowski, Stefan; Hanek, Monika; Orłowska, Marta Orłowska; Sobczyk, Martyna; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinIn this study, we aimed to apply a high-throughput genotyping method to map genes important for the restoration of male fertility in a hybrid cultivar of rye containing the Pampa sterilizing cytoplasm. The diversity arrays technology (DArT) was used to analyse 48 individuals of the F2 population obtained by crossing the male-sterile S305P line with a plant randomly chosen in the Gonello F1 cultivar. In addition to DArT markers, a set of previously published PCR-based markers was also used for genotyping. In total, more than 3300 markers were used in this study. A mapping analysis allowed a construction of seven linkage groups containing 763 markers covering a total distance of approximately 520 cM. Eighty molecular markers were applied to identify genomic regions important for the male fertility restoration. Their distribution indicated the presence of a major and minor restorer genes on chromosomes 4RL and 1R, respectively. These results were consistent with previous reports on the genetic control of the male fertility in the CMS-Pampa. Moreover, new molecular markers located in chromosomal regions significantly associated with the restoration of male fertility were found as well, including PCR-based markers converted from the DArT markers.Pozycja Open Access Effect of age at first calving and calving interval lenght on milk performance in cows(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Nagórska, Oliwia; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe research was conducted in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodship. The study material consisted of 103 cows of the Polish Holstein-Friesian breed black and white (phf, cb), considering selected breeding parameters: age of first calving (WPW) and intermittent period (OMW). Data on milk yield and selected reproductive parameters were obtained from the farm documentation of the farm using the results of the evaluation of the dairy cattle use value carried out by PFHBiPM. Milk yield of cows was assessed based on milk yield, fat and protein [kg] and content [%] of these components in milk. When analysing the intercurrent period of cows, significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between the examined animal groups. The highest milk yield (8481 kg) and fat yield (355 kg) reached cows in the second lactation, with an interval greater than 471 days.Pozycja Open Access The comparison of usefulness results of the primiparous and multiparous cattle of the limousine breed(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Kotowska, Joanna; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was conducted in a herd of cattle kept in pure breed in the Kujawsko- -Pomorskie province. The study included a total of 107 individuals: 27 primiparous and 80 multiparous. Cattle data were obtained from farm documentation maintained on the farm, in accordance with the guidelines of the Polish Association of Breeders and Producers of Cattle (PZHiPBM) for the years 2013–2014. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of primiparous and multiparous of limousine cattle. The work included selected zoometric measurements, fertility and dairy cows as well as calf rearing. Analysis showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.05) in the case of muscle, chest circumference and height of the cross. The higher values for the given parameters were obtained by the primiparous. It has been found that milk production is higher in primiparous cows, which results in better growth of calves. The age of first calving (WPW) in the groups of animals was similar. The calves after multiparous received a higher birth weight (P ≤ 0.01) compared with calves after the primiparous.Pozycja Open Access Bacteriological contamination of water in selected bathing areas in Małopolska(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Chmiel, Maria J.; Mazur, Edyta; Król, Teresa; Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków; Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków; Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, KrakówMicrobiological contamination of waters used for recreational purposes may constitute a serious danger to the health of users. Only a few reservoirs in Lesser Poland are subjects of constant control and meet the microbiological criteria. The work was aimed at evaluating the degree of microbiological contamination of selected bathing areas in Małopolska voivodeship in the municipal areas Tarnow and Krakow. Samples were taken from 10 sampling points, three times in the period from June to October 2016. Microbiological analyzes of water were performed using membrane filtration and serial dilutions methods. The total number of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria as well as number of Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci (enterococci) and staphylococci were determined. In all examined reservoirs the occurrence of microbiological indicators of bad hygienic condition of water was confirmed. Numerous occurred bacteria of the species E. coli, which was the main reason for the water being taken to those that did not meet the bathing area requirements. More contaminated were bathings in the municipality of Kraków than Tarnów, but these were not statistically significant differences. The amount of psychrophilic bacteria in the waters was higher than mesophilic ones, suggesting that the main source of microorganisms is the natural environment. Recreational areas under constant monitoring were characterized by slightly less contamination, but rarely met criteria for bathing due to the large number of indicator bacteria. The biggest water pollution was found at the peak of the tourist season in August. Considering the average values of measurements only bathing “Katamaran” meet the requirements.