FPUTS seria Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2015

Stały URI zbioru

https://oa.zut.edu.pl/handle/20.500.12539/711

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Przeglądaj FPUTS seria Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2015 wg Data wydania

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  • Miniatura
    PozycjaOpen Access
    Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Milk Products
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Neja, Wojciech; Bogucki, Mariusz; Ziółkowska, Joanna A.; Jankowska, Małgorzata; Krężel-Czopek, Sylwia; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland
    Probiotics and prebiotics found in milk products can have many beneficial health- promoting effects. Probiotics are live organisms added to the diet and their consumption confers a positive effect on the host by improving the intestinal microflora balance. The health benefits of probiotics for the gastrointestinal tract include restoring normal intestinal microflora, preventing carcinogenesis and cancers from developing, and reducing lactose intolerance. Prebiotics are compounds that pass undigested by the enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract and have the ability to stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria. Prebiotics improve intestinal function, exhibit antidiabetic and antiatherogenic effects, and influence nutrient bioavailability. Products that contain probiotics and prebiotics are classified as functional foods, dietary supplements, or medicines.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Impact of Weed Control Method and Sowing Density on Vielding of Selected Winter Spelt (Triticum Spelta L.) Cultivars
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Pużyński, Stanisław; Stankowski, Sławomir; Pużyńska, Katarzyna; Iwański, Robert; Wianecki, Marek; Biel, Wioletta; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Agrotechnology and Agricultural Ecology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland; Department of Food Science and Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Food Science and Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    The field experiment was carried out in the years 2010–2013 at the West Pomeranian University of Technology Experimental Agricultural Station in Lipnik, near Stargard Szczeciński (Poland). The research included the determination of an impact of two weed control methods (mechanical and chemical) and three sowing densities on the yield of selected winter spelt and common wheat cultivars, the yield components and their physiological parameters. The application of a chemical herbicide did not significantly influence grain yielding in 2011 compared to a mechanical weed control method, and increased it in the years 2012 and 2013. An increase in sowing density from 300 to 500 grains per m2 increased the yielding, the number of ears and at the same time, decreased the grain number in an ear. The mass of 1000 grains was similar regardless of sowing density. The highest mean yields in the three years were observed in common wheat Tonacja, lower in spelt cultivars of Plant Breeding Strzelce and the lowest in Oberkulmer Rotkorn spelt cultivar. The responses of spelt various cultivars to different weed control methods and to various sowing densities were similar.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Dendroflora of Gryfino
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Nowak, Grzegorz; Nowakowska, Małgorzata; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    The aim of the thesis was to acquaint oneself with the dendroflora of Gryfino. The research was carried out between 2009 and 2010 and in 2013. Out of 279 taxons specified to their as species and a variety, 5.0% are plants of European origin, 22.6% – plants occurring naturally in Europe and outside of Europe, 15.0% are plants of Asian origin, 11.8% – plants occurring naturally in North America, 4.7% are hybrids, and 40.9% – domesticated plants (cultivars). Out of trees and shrubs rarely cultivated in Poland, there are for example Abies grandis, Abies procera ‘Glauca’, Picea omorika ‘Pendula’, Cedrus libani subsp. atlantica ‘Pendula’, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus wallichiana, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Cryptomeria japonica, C. japonica ‘Elegans’, Berberis julianae, Berberis verruculosa, Crataegus persimilis ‘Splendens’, Gleditsia triacanthos, Ilex aquifolium, Viburnum ×pragense, Viburnum rhytidophyllum, Catalpa bignonioides, Campsis radicans, Clerodendron trichotomum. There are few trees reaching monumental sizes: 8 gymnosperm trees belonging to 2 taxons and 12 angiosperm trees belonging to 7 taxons.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Comparison of CA, P and MG Concentration Changes in the Serum of Fallow Deer (Dama Dama) Hinds and Stags During the Period of Antler Growth in Stags
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Skuratko, Agata; Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    In the study we decided to determine the dynamics of Ca, P and Mg concentration changes in the serum of fallow deer females and males in the period of antler growth in males and consider the validity of introducing the sex-dependent mineral supplementation programs in the aforementioned period. The study was performed on adult fallow deer hinds (n = 8) and stags (n = 8). The concentrations of Ca, P and Mg were measured in the serum samples, which were collected monthly from April to September. In the hinds the dynamic of mineral concentration changes does not show any significant variations and is characterized by a stable and constant growth through the experiment. In the males a similar profile of concentrations is observed through the most of the study except a considerable difference in September, when a rapid decrease in the level of all three minerals was noted. The results suggest that the pasture feed consumed in spring and summer is sufficient to ensure the constant complementation of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium reserve however in the period of antler mineralization in males, the intensification of mineral supplementation for stags may be considerable.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    The Response of Festulolium Braunii (K. Richter) A. Camus to the Amount of Seeds Sown and the Llevel of Nitrogen Fertilisation in Cultivation for Seeds
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Czyż, Henryk; Kitczak, Teodor; Faculty of Soil Science, Grassland Science and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Faculty of Soil Science, Grassland Science and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    The study was conducted in the years 2008–2011. Two factors were taken into account in the research: I – the amount of seeds sown: 9, 12 and 15 (kg · ha–1) and II – nitrogen dose: 0, 60, 90 and 120 kg · ha–1. The experiment was founded in the spring of 2008, with sowing with a nurse crop – spring barley, on brown soil of brown acidic subtype formed of light clayey sand of glacial origin – IVb soil valuation class. In the autumn of the year when the experiment was founded the following were applied – 80 kg P2O5 · ha–1, 80 kg K2O · ha–1 and 30 kg N · ha–1, and in spring – in the year of complete use, before vegetation, 40 kg K2O · ha–1 was applied and nitrogen fertilisation was replenished up to the amount assumed in the third factor of the research. The results of the study over Festulolium braunii of Sulino cultivar showed that on light soils it is possible to obtain an average seed yield of 13.5 dt · ha–1 – in the first year, 16.1 dt · ha–1 – in the second, and 15.3 dt · ha–1 – in the third year of yielding. The research revealed that when founding a seed orchard by companion planting with spring barley it was recommended to apply the amount of seeds sown of 15 kg · ha–1. On light soils the use of nitrogen fertiliser in doses of 60, 90 and 120 kg · ha–1 caused an increase in Festulolium braunii seed yield in the years of the study on average by 34.9, 46.3 and 53.3% respectively in comparison to the units fertilised only with phosphorus and potassium. The factors used in the research had also a favourable effect on the increased number of spikelets and seeds per inflorescence.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Effect of the Age at First Calving on Milk Performance in Simental Cows
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Cioch, Barbara; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Rzewucka-Wójcik, Edyta; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    The studies included 88 Simental cows which were kept on farm in the West Pomerania province. The effect of age at first calving depending on milk performance in subsequent 305-day lactations were determined. The highest milk, fat and protein yield in third lactation was characteristic for the cows calving between 26 and 29 month of age, whereas in the first and second lactations – for cows calving below 26 month of age. The highest fat and protein content was observed in milk of cows which calved late – after the age 29 months. No clear dependence was found between the age of first calving and milk performance traits in lactations.
  • Miniatura
    PozycjaOpen Access
    Estimation of the Selected Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum l.) Varieties Cultivated in Organic and Conventional Crop Production Systems
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Łysoń, Ewelina; Biel, Wioletta; Sobolewska, Magdalena; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    Four winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Akteur, Adler, Discus, JB Asano) derived from organic and conventional production systems carried out in 2010–2011 at Gülzow (Germany) were evaluated. The wheat samples were analysed for content of dry mass, protein, fat, crude fibre, total carbohydrates and fibre fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL, HCEL, CEL). Grain originated from organic system had on average the crude protein 27% lower than that from conventional one (p < 0.05). It was found, that the winter wheat grain from organic system contained the higher level of total carbohydrates (p < 0.01) and crude fibre than that from conventional one (p < 0.05). The examined cultivars also significantly differed in the content of crude fiber and dietary fiber fractions. The conducted research did not allow an unequivocal determination of the crop production system that would have more beneficial influence on nutritious value of winter wheat grain.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Selected Issues of Euthanasia of Animals: Part I – Eliminating the Suffering
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Mikuła, Małgorzata; Kulawik, Mirosława; Szlufik, Krzysztof; Rzepiński, Filip; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Nowicki, Marek; Paśko, Sławomir; Murawska, Daria; Koczoń, Piotr; Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Przysiecki, Piotr; Niemiec, Tomasz; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Anatomy, Institute of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Virtual Reality Techniques Division, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland; Department of Commodity Science and Animal Improvement, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Institute of Agriculture, Jan Amos Komeński State School of Higher Vocational Education in Leszno, Poland; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
    Francis Bacon’s renaissance idea of alleviating the suffering of patients contributed to the creation of the concept of euthanasia and its evolution over the ages with the following change of moral and ethical attitudes in human and veterinary medicine. In the 21’st century there is an ongoing controversy around the legalisation of euthanasia in people terminally ill. On the other hand the quality and quantity of measures imposed on palliative care are improving. Various social groups are trying to justify purposefulness of euthanasia or not to allow to its legalization (Gielen et al. 2009; Łużyński 2011). In world of animals euthanasia is characterized by the willingness of alleviating suffering in devastated animals or in extreme cases threatening the life of people and other animals. In both cases motives of euthanasia can be justified by Polish law including the Constitution of the Republic of Poland.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils Isolated from Fruits of Chosen Hot Pepper (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) Cultivars
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Wesołowska, Aneta; Grzeszczuk, Monika; Jadczak, Dorota; Institute of Chemistry and Environmental Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    The burning taste of Capsicum fruits is due to the presence of the chemical group of alkaloid compounds called capsaicinoids, among which capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are responsible for 90% of the total pungency. The pepper fruits contain also the small amounts of essential oil, which gives them a distinctive flavor and aroma. The main objective of the present study was to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of the fruits of three hot pepper cultivars: ‘Wulkan’, ‘Padron’ and ‘Trakijska Shipka’. The essential oils were isolated from hot pepper fruits by water-steam distillation and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Palmitic acid (11.98 and 8.96% in 2010 and 2011, respectively), pentadecanal (6.46 and 13.70%), furfural (4.02 and 1.28%), 1-nonadecene (3.67 and 5.34%), 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (3.26 and 1.54%) and linoleic acid (2.23 and 2.16%) were found to be the major constituents of ‘Wulkan’ cultivar volatile oil. In the essential oil of ‘Padron’ cultivar, palmitic acid (8.45 and 12.52%), furfural (6.81 and 3.32%), benzeneacetaldehyde (4.28 and 1.55%), 2-acetylpyrrole (2.31 and 1.48%) and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2.00 and 3.10%) were the most abundant compounds. Similarly, palmitic acid (10.00 and 11.17%), pentadecanal (9.04 and 11.81%), 1-nonadecene (6.17 and 10.72%), furfural (6.10 and 2.60%) as well as nonadecane (3.99 and 5.19%) and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2.82 and 1.77%) dominated in the essential oil of ‘Trakijska Shipka’ cultivar.
  • Miniatura
    PozycjaOpen Access
    Anthropogenic Industrisols within Ewa Peninsula in Szczecin Port Part II. Content of Heavy Metals
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Protasowicki, Mikołaj; Niedźwiecki, Edward; Meller, Edward; Malinowski, Ryszard; Rajkowska-Myśliwiec, Monika; Department of Toxicology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    Soil material collected for Part I, Stratigraphy, chemical properties, including macroelements of industrisols (initial and humus) within Peninsula Ewa in Szczecin Port was used for determining the concentration of heavy metals: Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mn and Fe in these soils. The studies showed that the soils sealed with reinforced concrete slabs, in their surface layer 0.25–1.50 m, on a small area, contained an extremely high amount of lead 11 755.0 mg · kg–1 DM, accompanied by the content of copper amounting to – 135.6 mg · kg–1 DM. Such a high, point, contamination occurred only on a few to several m3 of transported sandy material. In the light of Polish legal regulations, the mentioned level of lead exceeds the permissible concentration for the land of group C (industrial, mining and traffic areas). Adjacent to the sealed soils, humus industrisols of green areas, were characterised by elevated mean content of heavy metals: Cd – 1.36; Pb – 409.4; Zn – 673.6; Cu 89.6 mg · kg–1 DM in their surface layer 0.0–0.20(0.30) m. A great role in the accumulation of the above metals might have been played by spreading dust pollution caused by other port operations such as cargo unloading and reloading.
  • Miniatura
    PozycjaOpen Access
    Use of Pedometers to Analyse 24-Hour Activity and Fertility of Limousin Cows
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Wójcik, Piotr; Olszewski, Andrzej; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland; Expeimental Station of the National Research Institute of Animal Production in Kołbacz Ltd., Stare Czarnowo, Poland
    Limousin cows and heifers (10 animals per group) were kept on deep litter with access to an outdoor area. The study was conducted in January and February using Israeli (AfiAct) and Japanese (Gyuho) activity monitoring systems. Twenty-four-hour activity patterns, resting frequency, average amount of time spent resting per lying bout were analysed, and the mean indicator of distress was estimated. The cows and heifers showed lowest 24-hour activity during the night hours (between 0:00 am and 5:00 am), and day-time activity was almost twice as high as night-time activity. With increased 24-hour activity in relation to cows, heifers were characterized by higher resting frequency and shorter amount of time spent resting per lying bout. Greater stressfulness was observed during the morning measurement in both groups. Estrus detection efficiency averaged 85% for both systems (84% for heifers and 85% for cows). Both monitoring systems missed 1.5 estruses across the whole herd.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    The Conservation Requirements of Rare ind Threatened Vascular Plants of Natura 2000 Habitats of the Dolina Płoni i Jezioro Miedwie (Płonia Valley and Miedwie Lake) Special Area of Conservation
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Bacieczko, Wanda; Kaszycka, Emilia; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    The Dolina Płoni i Jezioro Miedwie (Płonia Valley and Miedwie Lake) PLH 320006 is one of the most valuable Natura 2000 sites in West Pomerania. It has been established to protect 17 types of natural habitats, 2 plant species, and 4 animal species. The aim of this study was the selection of the most valuable vascular plant species found in this site. From the 745 species recorded within the research area, 93 taxa of high environmental value have been chosen. Among them, there are legally protected species, as well as the taxa endangered with extinction perspective, vulnerable and rare to Poland and West Pomerania. More than a half of the valuable species constitute the indicators of natural habitats protected in the site. The most numerous are the species characteristic for natural and semi-natural grassland habitats. The major threats to the selected taxa include: eutrophication, improper water management, secondary succession caused by the abandonment of traditional agricultural methods, and simplification of the age- and species-structure of woods, which all result in the decrease of habitats biological diversity.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Effect of Crop Variety and Covering Plants on Formation of Biochemical Parameters of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica Chinensis Juslen.)
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Bychowiec, Katarzyna; Smolik, Beata; Słodkowski, Paweł; Auriga, Alicja; Pelc, Justyna; Sędzik, Maja; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of covers (foil perforated by 100 and 400 holes per 1 m2 and woven polypropylene Argyle P17) and method of cultivation (sowing seed and a base solution) on selected physiological parameters (concentration of carbon dioxide and transpiration) and bio-chemical (concentration of proline and malondialdehyde) in the leaves of two varieties of Chinese cabbage (Yoj-Choy and Green Fortune F1) growing in the field. Cover used in the experiment affected the biochemical parameters studied plants. The highest uptake assimilation was demonstrated in the case of perforated foil 400 holes per 1 m2, whereas the smallest in the case of non-woven polypropylene. The foil also consed the highest level of transpiration. Woven to the greatest extent caused the increase the concentration of proline and malondialdehyde in leaves of cabbage. The highest concentrations of these parameters were found in a Yoi-Choy F1 variety.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    The Antibacterial Properties of Silage from Different Varieties of Sorghum
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Galbas, Mariola; Selwet, Marek; Borkowski, Andrzej; Cłapa, Tomasz; Porzucek, Filip; Skrzypczak, Witold; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland; Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Soil and Plant Cultivation, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland
    Sorghum is a good silage material due to its good productivity, low buffer capacity and high content of soluble carbohydrates. The aim of the study was to examine the antagonistic properties of bacteria present in the silage prepared from different varieties of sorghum, against pathogenic enterobacteria. Potentially antibacterial microorganisms from the silages were investigated by means of the well method and by measuring the size of growth inhibition zones observed on bacterial lawns made from the Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. genera and Escherichia coli species. The PCR method was used for qualitative detection of the DNA of antagonistic bacteria. Lactobacillus plantarum was the predominant species in the silage.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Plant Communities on the Ridge of the “Piotrawin” Quarry 19 Years After Technical and Biological Reclamation
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Department of Ecology, Envinronmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    The research was conducted in 2014 in the ridge area of „Piotrawin” quarry. The aim of the study was to determine the natural succession changes that had occurred in the communities distinguished 16 years earlier (in 1998). 20 relevés were made. Segetal communities of Sileno inflantae-Linarietum minoris and Lathyro-Melandrietum noctiflori which had been present in 1998, were not found in phytocenoses of 2014. As a result of the transformation of Inuletum ensifoliae community, the species of Stellarietea mediae class were hardly present in 2014. The phytocoenon was floristically poorer in 2014. The structure comprised of only 88 taxa, compared to the large number of species (from 118 to 148) recorded in the communities of 1998. The average number of taxa was also smaller (34) in comparison to the significant floristic richness of communities in 1998 (from 60 to 62 species). Inuletum ensifoliae community present in 2014 demonstrated also a certain floristic distinction, there have also been differences in the stability of occurrence and cover coefficients of many species in individual phytosociological classes. The phytocoenoses of 2014 are characterised by small coefficients of similarity, which range from 49.0% to 54.0% in relation to the communities distinguished in 1998. In contrast, the relative similarity of communities of 1998 was very high and it ranged from 72.5% to 80%. In the community of Inuletum ensifoliae of 2014, the stability degrees and cover coefficients for a range of species of Artemisietea vulgaris and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea are lower, while the taxa of Festuco-Brometea are significantly higher. A rapid development of shrub species of Rhamno-Prunetea class could also be observed. The ridge area of the querry is predominantly occupied by numerous Cornus sanguinea (S = V, D = 1625), Rosa canina (S = V, D = 738), Cerasus fruticosa (S = IV, D = 225) and other shrub species. These taxa inhabit almost all layers of the community, especially layer b and most probably in a few dozen years the area will be occupied by phytocenoses of Rhamno-Cornetum sanguinei and Pruno-Ligustretum, which are currently surrounding the excavation of the quarry from the south and north.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Plant Communities on the Flat Ridge of the “Piotrawin” Quarry Located in the Vicinity of Vistula Near Józefów on the Vistula in Opole Lubelskie County
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Department of Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    In 1998, three years after technical and biological reclamation, 29 relevés were made in the ridge area (the crown of the excavation) of the quarry “Piotrawin”. Two segetal associations were distinguished (Sileno inflatae-Linarietum minoris and Lathyro-Melandrietum noctiflori) as well as one xerothermic grassland association (Inuletum ensifoliae). The communities are floristically very rich. The number of taxa in the individual associations is varied and it ranges from 120 (Lathyro-Melandrietum noctiflori) to 147 (Sileno inflatae-Linarietum minoris). The average number of taxa in a relevé of individual communities is very high and it ranges from 60 to 62. The dominant syntaxon in these communities is Stellarietea mediae, the number of taxa ranges from 26 to 39. Moreover, the communities are characterised by a numerous participation of ruderal communities species (Artemisietea vulgaris), xerothermic grasslands (Festuco-Brometea) and seminatural grasslands (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea). The aforementioned communities have close mutual floristic similarities determined on the basis of the degree of phytosociological stability. High mutual similarity, at the level of 76.8%, is demonstrated by segetal communities. Smaller mutual similarity (72.1%) occurs between Sileno inflatae-Linarietum minoris and Inuletum ensifoliae. After three years, the segetal communities were still dominant in the researched ridge area of the quarry, but during a reconnaissance performed in 2013 a significant floristic transformation of the community was noted, which tends to the infestation of the area with xerothermic grasslands communities species and scrubs of Rhamno-Prunetea class.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Effects of Cadmium and Salinity-Sodicity on Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity with Reference to Ecological Importance of Soil Pollution
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Telesiński, Arkadiusz; Stręk, Michał; Śnioszek, Martyna; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    The aim of the study was to determine the changes of the acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in the soil caused by the presence of cadmium and NaCl. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory condition, on soil samples taken from the arable-humus horizon of Gumieniecka Plain black earths. Granulometric composition of this soil was sandy loam. The organic carbon content was 1.09%, total nitrogen content was 0.14% and pH in 1 M KCl 6.81. Various concentrations of Cd(NO3)2 and NaCl were introduced to soil samples. The amount of cadmium added to the soil was 0, 1, 5 and 25 mg Cd2+ · kg–1 , and the amount of NaCl was 0 and 0.5% of soil weight. On day 1, 7, 14, 28 , 56 and 112 alkaline and acid phosphatase activity was determined spectrophotometrically. The obtained results are converted with respect to the enzyme activity in the soil controls (assuming it to be 100%) and given as percent of inhibition. The results were shown as environmental danger zones graphs. The activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase changed significantly after addition of cadmium and sodium chloride to the soil. Both, cadmium and salinity of the soil, caused inhibition of phosphatase activity, which increased with enhancing concentration of metals in the soil. Sodium chloride intensified the negative effect of cadmium on phosphatase activity in the soil. Observed inactivation of phosphatases caused by 25 mg Cd2+ · kg–1 of Cd ranged, on the graphs of ecological danger zones, in the area of critical values, which may indicate that cadmium disturbs the metabolism of phosphorus compounds in soil.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Foetal Mortality in Dogs and Cats not Related to Spontaneous Abortions
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Max, Andrzej; Jurka, Piotr; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
    Embryonic mortality is associated with full resorption of tissues and fluids from the uterine cavity. Foetal mortality usually results in complete or partial abortion. Sometimes, however, dead fetuses and foetal membranes retain in the uterus till term or even longer. There are only scant information in this area, without epidemiological studies. Each new case widens the knowledge of this condition. The objective of the study was to determine the variations of follow-up of foetal mortality in small animals. On the basis of chosen clinical cases coming from gynaecological and obstetric practice the consequences of foetal mortality without a miscarriage were documented. They were listed as follow: total resorption of the embryo/foetus and foetal membranes, resorption of foetal tissues with remaining of foetal membranes, foetal mummification and foetal maceration.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    The New Locality of Ranunculetum Fluitantis Allorge 1922 Plant Community and Species of Rhodophytes in the Myśliborka Stream (The Natura 2000 Site „Ostoja Wkrzańska” Plb 320014)
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Kowalski, Wojciech W. A.; Wróbel, Mariola; Banaś-Stankiewicz, Urszula; Komarzewska, Katarzyna; Department of Botany and Nature Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Botany and Nature Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Botany and Nature Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
    Described the border site of Ranunculetum fluitantis Allorge 1922 plant association in the Myśliborka stream documents the new location of "Lowland and foothill rivers with batrachion vegetation communities Ranunculion fluitantis (code – 3260)" in Western Pomerania and in the Natura 2000 site "Ostoja Wkrzańska" PLB 320014. In waters of the stream verified the presence of rare species of hydrophytes positions such as shiny pondweed Potamogeton rutilus and freshwater rhodophytes: Batrachospermum atrum and B. gelatinosum. The occurrence of these taxa in waters of the stream indicates the oligo-and mesotrophic nature of the habitat which confirmed results of hydrochemical analysis of waters.
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    Comparison of Processing Fruit Quality of Several Grape Varieties Cultivated in Climatic Conditions of Poland and Bulgaria
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Angelov, Ludmil; Stalev, Bojan; Ochmian, Ireneusz; Mijowska, Kamila; Chełpiński, Piotr; Faculty of Viticulture and Horticulture, Agricultural University in Plovdiv, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Faculty of Viticulture and Horticulture, Agricultural University in Plovdiv, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Juliusza Słowackiego 17, 71-434 Szczecin, Poland
    Wine producers have been working on selecting the most suitable grape variety for specific regions and therefore improving wine production technology for numerous years. Climate changes lead to change in grape quality; in the future these changes will have to be considered by the vineyard owners as they will affect cultivation methods, harvest dates and vinification process. The aim of this paper is to compare the quality of several grape varieties cultivated in different climatic conditions. Research material was collected from vineyards situated in the Szczecin Lowlands (Poland) and Plovdiv (Bulgaria). The study focused on three grape varieties: Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc and Pinot Noir. Measured characteristics included contained physical parameters: ruit weight, bunch weight and length and firmness as well as chemical composition: soluble solids, acidity, pH, ascorbic acid and nitrates levels, anthocyanin index. Analysed fruit was also examined in terms of colouration and must colour changes during maceration. Climatic conditions of the crop location had significant influence on the chemical composition of fruits, for example Bulgarian fruit featured higher levels of extract and pH combined with lower acidity. The Cabernet Sauvignon variety, regardless of crop location, had the highest levels of extract and organic acids. The juice obtained from Bulgarian grapes was darker (L*) than the juice from the fruit harvested in Poland. On the other hand, the juice of Polish fruit had more blue pigment (b*). It was also found that a* and b* fruit colour parameters are highly correlated with the anthocyanin index.