Wydanie 332(41)1 2017
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Pozycja Open Access Drug tolerance/intolerance in domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris) with MDR1 gene defect(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Zdańkowski, Sebastian; Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Fiszdon, Katarzyna; Siewruk, Katarzyna; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Świderek, Wiesław; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Large Animal Diseases with Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life SciencesIvermectin is a drug used to fight endo- and exoparasites in animals at regular base in veterinary practice. Basically this substance is safe for mammals. The mechanism of its action is based on dysfunction of nerve impulses conduction. P-glycoprotein is a membrane transport protein present in endothelial cells of lungs, kidneys, liver and pancreas. It prevents toxin penetration into the brain neurons and many other organs outside central nervous system including barriers: blood–testis, blood–placenta, blood–urine. This protein is coded by Multi Drug Resistance gene 1 (MDR1 gene) and is located in membranes of blood-brain barrier cells. When a mutation in MDR1 gene appears the protein isn’t able to function properly. In that case ivermectin goes to canine central nervous system cells and induces neurotoxic clinical signs, that is why early diagnostic is very important especially to prevent poisoning. The reasons and effects of the mutation as well as elements of molecular diagnostic that allows to identify the mutation were describe in this manuscript. Moreover, medicines that can induce neurotoxic signs in dogs with mutation in MDR1 gene were listed.Pozycja Open Access Malopolski horses – sport or recreation?(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Wilczyńska, Karolina; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Danielewicz, Agata; Departament of Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Departament of Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Departament of Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesMany horse breeders currently face the problem of breeding which is oriented towards the purposes of sport, which places increasing demands on riding horses. But would it not be more rational to plan a strategy focused primarily on recreation, as well as on equestrian sports in a limited scope? The vast majority of horses that do not meet the conditions of qualified riders end up with amateurs who cannot cope with these temperamental animals. Using information obtained from the lists of starters in the Polish Championships for Young Horses (MPMK) from 2010–2015, the study evaluated the percentage of Malopolski horses among all Polish breeds of starters and analysed the achievements of Malopolski horses, broken down by sex and by the percentage of thoroughbred blood in the individuals. The number of Malopolski horses starting in the Polish Championships for Young Horses is just under 10%, having remained at an even level during the six years analysed. The lowest percentage of Malopolski horses was noted in 2014, at 6.7%, but a year later it increased to 9.6%. The many years of breeders’ work on the Malopolski breed represent an invaluable achievement of Polish material culture. Therefore this tradition should be continued by improving the traits and preserving the form of the original Malopolski horse. This improvement must be based on excellent material supported by breeding work in the public and private sector.Pozycja Open Access Association mapping of effective leaf rust resistance genes in collection of winter wheat(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Tyrka, Mirosław; Drzazga, Tadeusz; Kud, Jerzy; Miechurska, Violetta; Broda, Magdalena; Kopala, Monika; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Rzeszow University of Technology; Malopolska Plant Breeding Ltd, Poland; Malopolska Plant Breeding Ltd, Poland; Malopolska Plant Breeding Ltd, Poland; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Rzeszow University of Technology; Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Rzeszow University of TechnologyLeaf rust disease caused by Puccinia triticina contributes to decrease of wheat yield worldwide. Development of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies allows for scanning of genotypes. Next, selected markers associated with agronomically important traits can be used for genomic selection. In the present study 94 haplotypes scored for 4599 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers extracted from DArTseq data were associated with reaction to leaf rust at adult stage estimated for three years in three locations. Mixed Linear Model (MLM) was applied to identify associations between haplotypes Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) and Final Leaf Rust score (FLR). We found 13 markers that explained from 6.2 to 14.6% variation in AUDPC. These markers generally presented unique loci distributed over chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, 3D, 4A, 6B and 7B. The markers associated with FLR explained from 8.5 to 21.0% of variation. For FLR, 20 markers associated with phenotypic variation were distributed over 10 wheat chromosomes. Chromosomes 2B, 3B and 5B were represented by multiple markers. The characterized genotypes can be crossed to accumulate markers associated with improved leaf rust resistance. Alternatively, mapping populations can be developed to map more precisely the resistance loci identified in association studies. The markers proposed can be directly used in genomic selection to improve leaf rust resistance in modern wheat cultivars.Pozycja Open Access Monitoring and prevention of lameness in a dairy cattle herd(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Teter, Waldemar; Stanek, Piotr; Żółkiewski, Paweł; Sawicka-Zugaj, Wioletta; Chabuz, Witold; Januś, Ewa; Flis, Ewelina; Department of Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation of Cattle, University of Life Sciences in Lublin; Department of Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation of Cattle, University of Life Sciences in Lublin; Department of Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation of Cattle, University of Life Sciences in Lublin; Department of Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation of Cattle, University of Life Sciences in Lublin; Department of Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation of Cattle, University of Life Sciences in Lublin; Department of Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation of Cattle, University of Life Sciences in Lublin; Department of Breeding and Genetic Resources Conservation of Cattle, University of Life Sciences in LublinHoof diseases in dairy cows maintained in the intensive production system occur with the same frequency as udder inflammation (mastitis), diseases of the reproductive system and metabolic disorders. Behaviour and motor activity of cows must be continually monitored and objective methods must be developed for evaluation of their locomotion and early detection of lameness. Lameness has a multi-factored aetiology including genetic and technological aspects, housing conditions, and to a large extent the animals’ diet, care and hygiene. Knowledge of causes of hoof diseases and prevention methods, as well as the ability to diagnosis and rapid treatment of lameness contribute to shorten the period of illness and improve production results.Pozycja Open Access The influence of farming systems on the technological quality of grain and flour cultivars of winter wheat(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Sobolewska, Magdalena; Stankowski, Sławomir; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe research material were cultivars of winter wheat grain from field experiments conducted in 2009–2010 from the National Research Center of Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania (LFA) in Gulzow. The first factor was a system of farming (conventional, ecological) and the second factor was the cultivars of winter wheat (Akteur, Adler, Discus i Hermann). Determined physical properties of grain, quality properties and rheological properties determined on farinograph. The use of conventional and organic cultivation system had no significant effect on the physical properties of wheat grain. Winter wheat grain obtained from conventional cultivation system characterized by a better quality than a grain from ecological system. Significantly higher values were obtained for crude protein content, gluten content, gluten softness and rate of sedimentation except for the falling number and index gluten. Using the conventional system obtained a better farinograph properties compared to the ecological. The exception was the waterabsorpsion for which there wasn’t significant differences. The best quality of grain and flour characterized by a cultivar Akteur and Adler but the worst cultivar Hermann.Pozycja Open Access An evaluation of the nutritional value of ricotta sold on the polish market(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Siemianowski, Krzysztof; Tońska, Elżbieta; Mickiewicz, Dorota; Szpendowski, Jerzy; Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; Department of Commodity Science and Food Analysis, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; Department of Process Engineering and Equipment, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn; Department of Dairy Science and Quality Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in OlsztynThe nutritional value of ricotta sold on the Polish market was evaluated. The experiment was performed on fresh (unripened) ricotta supplied by four manufacturers, purchased in retail in the city of Olsztyn, Poland. Ricotta samples were analyzed to determine their dry matter content – by the drying method, total protein content – by the block-digestion (macro) method, fat content – by the butyrometric method, lactose content – by the Bertrand method, and ash content – by incineration. The mineral content of ricotta samples was determined by wet mineralization. The content of Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu was analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (air-acetylene flame), the content of K and Na – by atomic emission spectroscopy (air-acetylene flame), and the content of P was determined in a colorimetric assay. The energy value of the analyzed products was estimated. The nutritional value of ricotta was determined by calculating the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) based on the reference values for moderately physically active women and men aged 19–50 years. The evaluated ricotta samples were characterized by differences in chemical composition. Their energy value was determined mainly by fat content. The values of INQ indicate that the analyzed ricotta was a rich source of protein and fat. Ricotta from three manufacturers had high Ca and P content, and the Ca : P ratio increased the bioavailability of Ca. Ricotta from two manufacturers was abundant in Na, and ricotta from one manufacturer was characterized by an optimal K : Na ratio. The evaluated products were a poor source of sugars, K, Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu for moderately physically active men and women aged 19–50 years.Pozycja Open Access Rating long-term use of simplifications in tillage and previous crop on biometric features, physiological and yield of winter wheat cultivar ‘Kobra Plus’(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Schiller, Marta; Stankowski, Sławomir; Podsiadło, Cezary; Pużyński, Stanisław; Michalska, Bożena; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Meteorology and Green Areas Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was conducted in the years 2006–2008, in a static experiment founded in 1993 in the Agricultural Experimental Station Lipnik (near Stargard Szczeciński). The station is located in the central part of the Szczecin Lowland (ϕ53021`N, 14058`E, Hs 30 m.a.s.l.). Field tests were carried out using winter wheat grown in four-field crop rotation (sugar beet – winter wheat – faba beans – winter wheat + white mustard intercrop). The effect of simplified tillage involving the elimination of plowing for the plowless tillage and direct sowing was examined, as compared to conventional tillage under crops grown in rotation. Studied factor consisted of the farming systems used for winter wheat after different forecrops (faba beans, sugar beet). The tillage systems significantly shaped the length of the stalk and leaf assimilation index (LAI). Winter wheat grown in the field after faba bean had significantly higher values of total number of steam and, with ears, the length of stalk and spike, as well as the ratio of leaf greenness (SPAD). In our study, there was no the effect of experimental factors and their interaction on grain yield of winter wheat. Regardless of tested experimental factors, winter wheat yielded at the level of 5 t ∙ ha–1. A slight tendency to higher yields was recorded for the traditional plowing system.Pozycja Open Access The impact of sewage sludge and biomass ash fertilization on the yield, including biometric features and phyisiological parameters of plants of two jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) cultivars(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Puchalski, Czesław; Zapałowska, Anita; Hury, Grzegorz; Department of Bioenergetics and Food Analysis, University of Rzeszów; Department of Bioenergetics and Food Analysis, University of Rzeszów; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinJerusalem artichoke is one of such plants that can be put to energy use. The objective of the research study was to assess the impact of fertilization with sewage sludge and conifer sourced ash biomass on yields as well as biometric and physiological parameters of two cultivars (Albik and Gigant) of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.). The two-year study was carried out in fields located in Ujkowice near Przemyśl. The trials covered 3 factors, as follows: 4 levels of fertilization with biomass – ash from conifers, 2 levels of fertilization with sewage sludge, 2 cultivars of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) – Gigant and Albik. In the first year after the application of sewage sludge in an amount of 30.3 t ∙ ha–1, the yield was lower by about 0.8 t and in the second, the reaction to fertilization using sludge was positive. Differences in yield under varied levels of fertilization with sewage sludge depended on the length of shoots as well as the LAI and SPAD indicators. Biomass ash fertilization resulted in systematic increase in yields of the vegetative (aerial) parts in 2013. In the subsequent year, differences were insignificant. Yield increase in Jerusalem artichoke fertilized with biomass ash was associated with increased lengths of shoots, increasing values of the LAI and SPAD. There was no significant interaction between the organic and mineral fertilization. Amongst the two tested, Albik cv. was characterized by higher yields. The Polish Albik cv. was characterized by higher shoot lengths, smaller shoot diameters, higher LAI index, and a much higher SPAD (cultivar related features) value, while the Fv/Fm index for both cultivars was similar.Pozycja Open Access The heavy metal content in commercial dog foods(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Mielczarek, Marcin; Szydłowski, Kamil; Departament of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Departament of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinIncreasing interest in pet animals, particularly dogs, enforces paying special attention to their nutrition. Twelve food types were selected for the study, divided into food for young dogs („junior”) and mature dogs („adult”). Heavy metals that are harmful for organism (cadmium, mercury, lead) were selected for the study, as well as these, which in certain amounts are necessary for its proper functioning (copper, iron, zinc). Concentrations of heavy metals such as: cadmium, mercury and lead were compared with the Ordinance of the Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development of February 6, 2012 on the undesirable substance content in feeds, demonstrating the limits of the analyzed metals (cadmium, mercury, lead). The study has demonstrated, that cadmium is the metal that exceeds acceptable standards and its concentration was 2.499 mg ⋅ kg−1 (limit 2 mg ⋅ kg−1). Foods for adult dogs contained higher mean heavy metal concentrations (cadmium, lead, iron, copper, zinc) than „junior” foods, excepts for mercury and iron, for which higher concentrations were observed for „junior” foods. The study has demonstrated exceeding of allowable concentration limit only for cadmium (adult food), the concentration of which was 2.499 mg ⋅ kg−1 (limit 2 mg ⋅ kg−1).Pozycja Open Access Traumatic lesions of european mole Talpa europaea (Linnaeus, 1758) in multislice computed tomography. Case study.(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Ludwiniak, Małgorzata; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Paśko, Sławomir; Staszak, Alfred; Bakoń, Leopold; Urbańska, Kaja; Rzepiński, Filip; Wąsowicz, Michał; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Virtual Reality Techniques Division, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw University of Technology; Department of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure, University of Zielona Góra; II Department of Clinical Radiology, Medical University of Warsaw,; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life SciencesThe European mole is under partial species protection in Poland. The traumatic lesions of 2 moles have been analysed and a sixteenth-multislice computed tomography (CT) has been used to provide with images of various projections. Mole A had fractured VII–XIII ribs on the left side, and left scapula fractured with displacement, on the right side ribs VI, VIII and XIII fractured. The skull of mole B had comminuted fractures and the pectoral girdle was displaced. The above mentioned injuries caused death of both animals. The obtained data could be used in the future to analyse tissues of a mole.Pozycja Open Access Dogs' aggressive behaviors. Part I. Neurobiological mechanisms and animals' predispositions(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Horoszewicz, Elżbieta; Galas, Justyna; Smolnik, Kinga; Niedziółka, Roman; Sweklej, Edyta; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesExcessive nervousness of a dog may not only disrupt the positive social perception of the animal, but also directly affects its health. Expertise in recognition of the dog’s emotions allows the owner to properly respond to its bad behavior, preventing the outburst of anger and a possible attack. For this reason, we attempt to characterize aggressive behaviors in dogs and the underlying neurobiological factors and genetic predisposition to aggression, and we also address some preventive measures and possible consequences of the aggressive behavior to the environment.Pozycja Open Access The assessment of water sanitary quality and the presence of drug-resistant Escherichia coli strains in waters used for recreation in lesser Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Chmiel, Maria J.; Wójtowicz, Paulina; Łojas, Ewelina; Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków; Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Kraków; Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, KrakówThe presence of multi-drug resistant bacteria is no longer only a clinical problem because increasingly, during the microbiological water and soil analysis, the antibiotic resistant bacteria are isolated, which can be a significant health hazard. The aim of this study was the assessment of water sanitary quality and the occurrence of drug resistant strains of Escherichia coli in 10 sampling points located on selected water reservoirs used for recreation on the Dunajec river and reservoirs in Krakow area and Kryspinow. Collected water samples were examined by the membrane filtration technique to assess the number of E. coli. Drug resistance was tested using the disc diffusion method as well as the ESBL assay according to KORLD and EUCAST standards. Based on the results, it was found that in two sampling points located on the Biały Dunajec river the population of E. coli exceeded standards intended for bathing. Resistant strains were isolated mainly in one bathing place - Kryspinow – Na Piaskach, but they were also present in the waters of the Dunajec river. Most often isolates were resistant only to one of the tested antibiotics, the multidrug resistant E. coli were no isolated. The tested strains were mainly resistant to ticarcillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and tetracycline. All the tested strains were ESBL negative.