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Pozycja Open Access Analysis of fluoride, dry matter contents and pH in sediments and surface water of Nowogardzkie lake(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Szydłowski, Kamil; Stręk, Michał; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of study was to determine the impact of adjacent terrain usage on the fluoride content in sediments and others important ecological indicators. All of results applies to bottom sediments and surface water from Nowogardzkie Lake. The lake is partly within the Nowogard agglomeration and partly within farmlands. The total number of collected samples was 19 from sediments and 5 from surface water. The all samples were collected in January 2016. Higher concentrations of fluoride and organic matter content were recorded in agricultural adjacent area and pH of sediments was higher in city area. There was correlation between fluoride content in sediments and organic matter content. There was also negative correlation betwen pH in sediments and organic matter content.Pozycja Open Access Biology and parasitology of european beaver (Castor fiber L. 1758) – selected issues(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Sikorowski, Karol; Niemiec, Tomasz; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Makarski, Mateusz; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Paśko, Sławomir; Koczoń, Piotr; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences,; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Virtual Reality Techniques Division, Warsaw University of Technology; Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life SciencesBeavers are known as biggest rodents leaving in Europe and North America. Two species are included in beaver family: eurpoean beaver (Castor fiber, L.1758) and candian beaver (Castor canadensis, Kuhl 1820). In ancient times beavers existed in whole Europe and in the part of Asia, while their population in Europe decreased systematically from IX century on due to extensive hunts. Consequently, in the end of XIX century only few beavers groups existed in Europe. Within after second world war Poland numerically 130 specimens of European beaver were present. Since then on active protection of this species has started including many environmental programs. It resulted in systematic increase of beaver specimens. Currently beavers came back to their previous regions and some new regions are occupied as well. Their amount reaches over 89000 specimens. This manuscript presents detailed structure of beavers body and their physiology allowing to leave In both water and on land. Beavers natural feed, digestive track, digestive process are described as well. Issues related to reproduction and bringing up are described too. Natural predators are presented. Inside and outside parasites with their action are presented.Pozycja Open Access Characterization of selected techniques of maceration bones of Gallus gallus domesticus(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Kempa, Kamila; Kulawik, Mirosława; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Jakubowski, Mikołaj; Skubis, Jacek; Koczoń, Piotr; Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Organic and Food Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, WarsawFive carcasses of domestic hens Gallus gallus domesticus were starting material for this study. Three carcasses were thermally treated to obtain all parts of skeleton. One set of initial material was placed in water solution of washing powder i.e. Persil®, second one was placed in 5% hydrogen peroxide water solution, the third one was dried in room temperature. Fourth was enzymatic macerated in washing powder solution Persil® of the temperature 50°C. The last one was macerated chemically with use of 3% sodium hydroxide solution. The conductance and effects of procedures applied were evaluated. Results showed boiling to be the shortest and enzymatic process to be the longest procedure to prepare bones of desired quality. Bright material was obtained after both boiling and whitening in 5% hydrogen peroxide and enzymatic process. Chemical maceration produced brown elements of skeleton, however joints remained undamaged. Yet, enzymatic maceration was accompanied with unpleasant odour. The selection of procedure to obtain skeleton depends mainly on desired use of final product as well as the technical capabilities.Pozycja Open Access Dioxins – their influence on human health and the contamination of products of animal origin(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Różewicz, Marcin; Bombik, Elżbieta; Janocha, Alina; Łagowska, Katarzyna; Bednarczyk, Małgorzata; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesDioxins represent a group of compounds that are toxic to both humans and animals. Due to their enormous persistence, dioxins accumulate in the environment and organisms on each level of the food chain. For the sake of public health safety, all necessary measures should be taken in order to reduce the emission of dioxins to the environment. Laboratories should examine food for the presence of these substances and legal regulations on food safety standards should be introduced in terms of their tolerable concentrations in food products and animal feed. The aim of the study was to present the current state of knowledge on the toxicity of dioxins, how they threat human and animal health, what preventive measures and regulations are at place to protect consumers against products contaminated with dioxins.Pozycja Open Access Effect of application of enzymes to broiler diets containing rapeseed cakes on performance and postslaughter results(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Banaszkiewicz, Teresa; Biesiada-Drzazga, Barbara; Department of Tourism and Recreation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry and Small Ruminant Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of application of xylanase or xylanase and phytase to diets containing rapeseed cakes of ‘Kana cv.’ on performance, carcass traits, physico-chemical parameters of meat and bone and digestibility of diets. Experiment 1 (growth trial) was carried out on 90 one-day-old broilers Ross 308, which were divided into three groups. The chickens were fed diets that contained 15% (starter – 1–21 days) and 20% (grower – 22–42 days) of rapeseed cake. The control diet (RC) for first group was without enzymes, diet for second group RC(X) contained enzyme preparation with endo-1,4-β- xylanase at the level of 0.3 g ∙ kg–1 (min. 1000 FXU/g). The third diet – RC(X + PHY) contained xylanase and enzyme preparation contained phytase in the amount of 0.35 g ∙ kg–1 (min 2500 FYT/g). At the age of 42 days, six chickens from each group were slaughtered. In the experiment 2 (on 60 broilers) the digestibility of diets from the experiment 1 on broilers at 3 week of life (starter diets) and at 5 week (grower diets) was carried out. Obtained results showed the tendency to increase of body weight and decrease of feed conversion after application of enzymes to the wheat-rapeseed diets. Less content of skin with subcutaneous fat in carcasses of broilers fed diets with enzymes, significant in simultaneous introduced xylanase and phytase, and increase of protein content in leg muscles was stated. Simultaneous introduced of xylanase and phytase (non significant) increased the digestibility of total phosphorus in grower mixtures and the crude ash and total phosphorus contents in bones.Pozycja Open Access Effect of calcium peroxide on oxidoreductase activities in soil contaminated with gasoline and diesel oil(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Stręk, Michał; Telesiński, Arkadiusz; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology SzczecinThis paper presents the study on assessment of the effect of calcium peroxide on activity of chosen enzymes: dehydrogenases, catalase and o-diphenol oxidase in soil contaminated gasoline or diesel oil. Laboratory experiment was carried out on loamy sang with Corg content 8.7 g ・ kg–1. Into soil samples different combinations of gasoline or diesel oil (at the dosage of 50 g ・ kg–1) and calcium peroxide (at the amounts of 100 and 200 mg ・ kg–1) were added. Samples were adjusted to 60% maximum water holding capacity, and they were incubated for four weeks in tightly closed glass containers at temperature of 20°C. In soil treated with CaO2 and petroleum products, soil oxidoreductase activities were measured on days 1, 7, 14 and 28. Soil contamination with gasoline decreased in all oxidoreductase activities, while contamination with diesel oil increased in dehydrogenases and caused slight changes in catalase and o-diphenol oxidase activity. Effect of CaO2 on oxidoreductase activities in soil uncontaminated and contaminated with gasoline and diesel oil proved diversified, and depended on enzyme, incubation time, type of petroleum product and calcium peroxide dosage. Application of CaO2 in soil contaminated with petroleum products caused mainly stimulation of dehydrogenases and catalase.Pozycja Open Access The effect of sludge compost on the content of selected elements in soil and in Lolium multiflorum Lam.(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Malinowska, Elżbieta; Department of Grassland and Green Areas Creation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe aim of the paper, based on a two-year experiment set up in autumn 2012, is to assess the effects of different doses of municipal sewage sludge compost mixed with wheat straw on the content of selected chemical elements in Lolium multiflorum Lam. and in soil. The experimental design consisted of a control plot, a plot with NPK fertiliser and three plots with three different doses of municipal sewage sludge compost (5, 10 and 15 Mg of fresh matter ・ ha–1). During 2013 and 2014 seasons the grass was cut three times a year, after about a 30-day growing period. The content of Fe, Mn, Mo, Cr and Li in the soil and in the plant material, after dry mineralisation, was measured with the ICP-AES method. Compared to the control and to the plot treated with NPK fertilizer, compost made with sewage sludge and wheat straw significantly increased Fe, Mn, Mo, Cr and Li content in plants and in soil. The biggest amounts of those elements, with the exception of Mn, were found in Italian ryegrass with the mid dose of compost (10 Mg ・ ha–1). In the soil the highest dose of compost (15 Mg ・ ha-1) increased the content of Fe, Mo and Cr most, while the greatest amounts of Mn and Li were in the soil with the mid dose (10 Mg ・ ha–1).Pozycja Open Access Effect of the quaternary ammonium salts, tetraethylammonium halide on Rumex acetosa L., Chenopodium album L. and Galinsoga parviflora Cav.: inhibition of growth and changes in assimilation pigments content in plants(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Biczak, Robert; Pawłowska, Barbara; Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa; Department of Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Jan Długosz University in CzęstochowaOne of the main problems observed during plants cultivation is their destruction caused by harmful factors, which include, inter alia, the weeds. The group of troublesome weeds commonly occurring across Poland and in many regions of the world include Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Chenopodium album L. and Rumex acetosa L. Due to such wide dissemination, these plants may come into contact with a number of contaminants, including various chemical compounds that can get into the natural environment. This paper presents an effect of quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) – tetraethylammonium chloride [TEA][Cl], tetraethylammonium bromide [TEA][Br] and tetraethylammonium iodide [TEA][I], introduced into the soil and applied as foliar spraying, on the growth and development of selected weed species. An application of examined compounds in the soil demonstrated that Chenopodium album L. was the plant the most sensitive to examined chemicals, and tetraethylammonium iodide was the compound with the highest phytotoxicity to the examined weeds. Phytotoxicity of the examined salts applied in the form of spraying was in turn dependent on QAS concentration and species of plants used in the experiment. This was reflected in an inhibition of the length of plants and their roots, as well as the changes in dry weight and photosynthetic pigments content.Pozycja Open Access The effect of water activity and temperature on the growth and lipolytic activity of Penicillium chrysogenum (Thom) and Eurotium herbariorum (Wigg.) strains(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Janda, Katarzyna; Markowska-Szczupak, Agata; Ulfig, Krzysztof; Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; Institute of Inorganic Technology and Environment Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; School of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, BytomThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of water activity (aw) and temperature on the growth and tributyrin hydrolysis of Penicillium chrysogenum and Eurotium herbariorum strains isolated from rape, soya-bean and sunflower seeds. The study demonstrated differences in daily growth rates, tributyrin hydrolysis zones and tributyrin hydrolysis indices in different strains of the same species; depending on the seeds they had been isolated from. E. herbariorum strains, unlike P. chrysogenum strains, did not grow on tributyrin at 15°C and 0.850 aw. No hydrolysis zones of oil substrate were found under these conditions. E. herbariorum and P. chrysogenum showed marked differences in their tributyrin hydrolysis indices. For P. chrysogenum strains somewhat higher values were recorded for cultures at 15°C. However, the highest indices of tributyrin hydrolysis at 15°C and 25°C were recorded at the lowest level of aw 0.850.Pozycja Open Access Epigenetics of reproduction(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Czubaszek, Magdalena; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Banaszewska, Dorota; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry and Small Ruminant Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesEpigenetic research offers a significant opportunity to understand the role of environmental interactions on the genome and disease, while enabling modulation of these interactions in order to improve human health. Knowledge of both genetic and epigenetic changes is essential for identification of functional gametes and for fertility treatment. Future studies in both human and animal models may enable better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between altered DNA methylation in the sperm cell and infertility. It is currently unclear whether methylation defects found in the DNA of infertile sperm are primary or secondary defects. An understanding of what underlies DNA methylation disorders will be important for the development of successful fertility treatments. While epigenetic research will unquestionably expand our knowledge of general genetics, it is mainly valued for its innovative and comprehensive approach to molecular diagnostics and is directed towards clinical procedures.Pozycja Open Access Health-promoting properties of poultry meat in the context of diseases of civilization(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Woźniak, Eliza; Banaszewska, Dorota; Biesiada-Drzazga, Barbara; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry and Small Ruminant Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe nutritional value and health-promoting properties of food are of increasing importance to the contemporary consumer. This is due to greater awareness of the link between diet and certain diseases of civilization. Consumption of meat and meat products, due to their nutritional and functional properties, can both cause and to some extent prevent diseases of civilization. Poultry meat, valued by consumers for its unique properties, is worthy of attention. It is an excellent source of easily assimilated, complete protein of high nutritional value. In comparison with other kinds of meat, poultry meat is easy to digest and less tough after cooking, because it contains fewer collagenous fibres. It also has fewer calories due to its low content of intramuscular fat. Poultry meat can be included in the diet of small children, pregnant women and elderly individuals, serving as an important source of protein and easily assimilated fat. Moreover, there is some evidence that its health-promoting properties may include reducing the risk of overweight and obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers, e.g. of the mouth, oesophagus or stomach.Pozycja Open Access Influence of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) shelterbelts on fractional humus composition and biochemical properties of eroded loess soil(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Futa, Barbara; Institute of Soil Science, Environment Engineering and Management, Lublin University of Life SciencesThe purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of field shelterbelts on fractional humus composition and biochemical properties of loess soil in the area highly threatened by water erosion. To this end, soil samples were collected along three transects situated within 20-year-old black locust (Robinia pseudacacia L.) shelterbelts. The plantings were established in a loess micro-basin located on arable land. Shelterbelts 1 and 3 are located on the flat hilltop and run north-south whereas shelterbelt 2 is situated along the north-facing slope of 15% at the study site and runs west-east. Overall, 9 soil pits were dug: (i) 3 pits in the central part of each 5 m wide tree strip, and (ii) 6 pits in the adjacent arable fields, with 2 pits at a distance of 2 m and 20 m made for each of 3 plots, perpendicularly to the shelterbelt edges, west of shelterbelts 1 and 2, and south of shelterbelt 3. The shelterbelts had a significant influence on soil organic carbon sequestration and humification progress. Carbon contents of humic substances and fulvic acids as well as values of humic to fulvic acid ratios were higher in the soil under the locust trees than in the soil from the arable field. The carbon content of humic substances and fulvic acids decreased with increasing distance from the tree-planted sites. The increase in soil organic carbon levels in the soil from the shelterbelts led to positive changes in the activity of the enzymes studied (i.e. dehydrogenases, phosphatases, proteases, and urease) catalyzing the most important processes of soil organic matter transformations. Compared to the arable soil, the soil under Robinia pseudacacia had higher enzyme activities decreasing significantly with distance from the tree strips. This confirms a positive impact of agroforestry system on soil biology.Pozycja Open Access The influence of soil differentiation on chemical composition of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) leaves as feed material(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Jaroszewska, Anna; Biel, Wioletta; Jurgiel-Małecka, Grażyna; Grajkowski, Józef; Gibczyńska, Marzena; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of General and Ecological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of General and Ecological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinDue to the fact that sea buckthorn leaves could be a supplement to animal feed and food products, the present research aimed at determining the content of such elements as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, lead, cadmium, nickel and copper in sea buckthorn leaves as well as establishing the relation between the elements content and soil composition. The leaf samples were collected in June 2014 from wild sea buckthorn shrubs (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ssp. rhamnoides) localised in four spots in Szczecin Poland. The data concerning the content of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Cd) in leaves of wild sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) indicate that the leaves can be considered good animal feed material, comparable to grass and legumes. The fact that content of lead and cadmium in wild sea buckthorn leaves do not exceed the accepted norms for these elements is an another argument confirming its usefulness as an animal feed material.Pozycja Open Access Lavandula spp. essential oils – its use, composition and genetic basis of production(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Andrys, Dominika; Kulpa, Danuta; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinLavender is mainly used in medicine, cosmetics industry, aromatherapy, perfume industry and as a culinary herb. It is most often grown for the purpose of obtaining essential oils characterized by a pleasant fragrance as well as antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant properties. The present paper is an overview of information on essential oils obtained from plant tissue of the Lavandula genus, including the methods of extraction, chemical composition and potential use. The chemical composition of plant oil is determined by various parameters such as environmental conditions, growing season, harvest time, methods of drying and storing until the time of oil extraction, method of oil isolation as well as the specific conditions of the analysis (column, set temperature) used to identify the compounds.Pozycja Open Access Presence of microorganisms of selected enzyme groups in various stages of poultry waste compost formation Part II. Substrate: protein, fat, and starch(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Wrońska, Ilona; Cybulska, Krystyna; Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe increasing production of poultry meat makes the amount of associated waste proportionately increases. The difficulty arises with the management of this material type, because of its heterogeneous nature and present contaminants. Therefore, the utilization of poultry waste materials is very troublesome and is associated with large financial inputs. A good solution might be the introduction of microorganisms having high enzymatic activity in order to optimize the process of management of arduous waste mass and making it more environmentally friendly. The aim of the study was to determine the number of microorganisms capable of degrading the protein, starch and fat in a variety of waste materials derived from the poultry slaughter and its management (sludge, sediment from biological sewage treatment plant, proper compost). Test samples came from the composting facility within the poultry processing plant in Western Poland. The materials have been subjected to microbiological analysis on selective media, according to recommendations. Based on achieved results, it was found that all of the tested waste products were colonized by enzymatic microorganisms. The predominant number of microorganisms was found in sludge from the reservoir for liquid waste, while the smallest population was detected in the proper compost. An outstanding group of physiological microorganisms were microorganisms capable of fat degrading.Pozycja Open Access Quantitative reduction of feedstock biomass as a result of conversion in anaerobic digestion in agricultural biogas plant(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Grudziński, Michał; Pietruszka, Arkadiusz; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of study was the estimated quantitative analysis of anaerobic digestion substrates and products, and estimation of feedstock biomass reduction level in agricultural biogas plant located near a pig fattening farm in West Pomerania, Poland. The biogas plant runs two-stage, continuous, thermophilic anaerobic digestion with maize silage and pig slurry from pig farm as a substrates. Quantitative data regarding daily feedstock input, digestate output, and produced biogas from 6 months were collected. The data were statistically analysed in terms of the law of conservation of mass. It has been found, that biomass of digestate was statistically significantly reduced relative to feedstock biomass of 11.86% (p < 0.01). The amount of reduced biomass is not statistically different from the amount of produced biogas, whose mass is 10.21% of the feedstock. This means that observed reduction of biomass was a result of conversion to biogas only, and the installation is working hermetically under the law of mass preservation. Anaerobic digestion, in addition to other benefits, reduces amount of pig slurry due to conversion of biomass to biogas. It has ecological importance, especially in pig industry.Pozycja Open Access Renal expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) of growing piglets fed diet supplemented with inulin and probiotics(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Michałek, Katarzyna; Kolasa-Wołosiuk, Agnieszka; Staśkiewicz, Łukasz; Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin; The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences JabłonnaFeeds supplemented with probiotics and inulin, which help in the maintenance of desired intestinal microbiota, have beneficial, multidirectional, health-promoting effects. One such effect involves increased bioavailability and absorption of macro- and micronutrients. Enhanced intestinal absorption of many minerals and, in consequence, their elevated blood plasma concentration should provoke a homeostatic response of the kidneys in order to regulate water excretion. Therefore, we have undertaken a pilot study to test the hypothesis that probiotics and inulin added to feed change the localization and increase the expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP2), a protein essential in renal water reabsorption. The study was carried out on 16 Danbred x Duroc crossbred piglets (males). Based on immunohistochemistry (IHC) results, we found that the abundance of AQP2 in animals fed with the modified diet increased mainly in the apical plasma membrane of the collecting duct principal cells. Western blot analysis revealed that in animals fed the supplemented diet the total AQP2 expression in the renal medulla increased too. These changes in the location and expression of AQP2 imply increased renal water reabsorption. Such increased water reabsorption in response to the positive balance of many components seems to support the evidence of the positive effects of dietary probiotics and inulin.Pozycja Open Access Selected functions of growth factors from TGF-β superfamily in reproduction processes in ruminants(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Mościcki, Wojciech; Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environmental Hygiene West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinTransforming growth factors are considered as one of the most important substances, widely affecting the functioning of female reproductive system. Special attention of the research conducted in many centers is devoted to detailed description of growth factors effect on the ovarian cortex layer, which mainly consists of ovarian follicles and oocytes contained in them. Despite many years of research in this field, there are still many not explained issues concerning an influence of individual factors, as well as the effects of their interaction. Due to an increasingly faster development of breeding works, but also the need for more information in the context of reproductive physiology of livestock animals, it was decided to present in this article the current state of knowledge concerning the effects of certain growth factors from TGF-β superfamily on reproductive system of cows, goats and sheep.Pozycja Open Access Selecting the date of mating in farm mink (Neovison vison) for optimization of reproduction performance(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Szczypułkowska, Hanna; Felska-Błaszczyk, Lidia; Laboratory Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Laboratory Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinAbstract. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of breeding factors, such as gestation length, age, dates and number of matings, on the female reproductive performance in farmed American mink (Neovison vison). We observed a group of 1372 females, variety Silverblue, in the period from 5 to 24 March (mating season) and from 25 April to 10 May (whelping period). We analysed the reproduction in females aged from 1 to 4 years. Apart from age, the evaluation of reproductive performance included the date of the first mating, number of matings and the length of pregnancy. We analysed the litter size at birth and at weaning, as well as the rate of barren females. The results showed that age, date of mating and the number of matings had a significant impact on the length of pregnancy and reproductive performance of the females. It was found that reproductive performance deteriorates in a longer gestation.Pozycja Open Access Selenoprotein P gene (SEPP1) as a selenium marker concentration(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Korpal, Agnieszka; Woźniak, Katarzyna; Terman, Arkadiusz; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology SzczecinIn these days having a right balanced diet is known to be one of the most important factors conditioning health of a person. Healthy eating should be based on two paralelly important elements: correct diet and high food quality. The quality of food is characterized by the high level of substances having positive effect on an organism, that is vitamins and mineral supplements (macro- and microelements). One of the essential trace element is selenium. Selenium is a component of the unusual amino acids selenocysteine and selenomethionine. Both of them are part of the proteins, the so called selenoproteins, which play a crucial role in a human health. It is confirmed that over 95% of the people living in Poland are lacking selenium in their diets. The shortage of selenium could be reduced by ensuring its supply in appropriate diet intakes. From the earliest times, meat is a basic nutritional component for humans. Pork, among other types of meat, has the highest consumption percentage in Polish population. Searching for polymorphisms, which occur in genes coding for proteins crucial in meat quality, is one of the most common research nowadays. One of the important protein is selenoprotein P (SeP). Considering all the above, it seems to be essential to detect functional polymorphisms in selenoprotein P gene. Obtained data will allow in the future for animal selection of a preferable genotype, with a naturally higher selenium content.