Wydanie 322(36)4 2015
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Pozycja Open Access Use of Pedometers to Analyse 24-Hour Activity and Fertility of Limousin Cows(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Wójcik, Piotr; Olszewski, Andrzej; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland; Expeimental Station of the National Research Institute of Animal Production in Kołbacz Ltd., Stare Czarnowo, PolandLimousin cows and heifers (10 animals per group) were kept on deep litter with access to an outdoor area. The study was conducted in January and February using Israeli (AfiAct) and Japanese (Gyuho) activity monitoring systems. Twenty-four-hour activity patterns, resting frequency, average amount of time spent resting per lying bout were analysed, and the mean indicator of distress was estimated. The cows and heifers showed lowest 24-hour activity during the night hours (between 0:00 am and 5:00 am), and day-time activity was almost twice as high as night-time activity. With increased 24-hour activity in relation to cows, heifers were characterized by higher resting frequency and shorter amount of time spent resting per lying bout. Greater stressfulness was observed during the morning measurement in both groups. Estrus detection efficiency averaged 85% for both systems (84% for heifers and 85% for cows). Both monitoring systems missed 1.5 estruses across the whole herd.Pozycja Open Access The Effect of Chilling and Freezing of Poultry Meat in the Presence of Campylobacter Jejuni(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Selwet, Marek; Galbas, Mariola; Borkowski, Andrzej; Cłapa, Tomasz; Porzucek, Filip; Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, PolandImproperly stored poultry meat may be contaminated with bacteria of the Campylobacter spp. genus. Chilling and freezing meat may be one of the factors inhibiting the growth of these bacteria on meat products. The aim of this study was to check the influence of low temperatures 4°C and –18°C on the frequency of occurrence of these bacteria in poultry meat. Samples of poultry meat (n = 450) were collected at random from selected slaughterhouses. C. jejuni were identified using an API test and PCR reaction. Chilling was found to reduce the occurrence of C.jejuni in raw poultry meat by 90.3%. Freezing meat completely eliminated contamination with C. jejuni bacteria. To sum up, chilling meat does not guarantee total elimination of Campylobacter spp.Pozycja Open Access Impact of Weed Control Method and Sowing Density on Vielding of Selected Winter Spelt (Triticum Spelta L.) Cultivars(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Pużyński, Stanisław; Stankowski, Sławomir; Pużyńska, Katarzyna; Iwański, Robert; Wianecki, Marek; Biel, Wioletta; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Agrotechnology and Agricultural Ecology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland; Department of Food Science and Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Food Science and Technology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe field experiment was carried out in the years 2010–2013 at the West Pomeranian University of Technology Experimental Agricultural Station in Lipnik, near Stargard Szczeciński (Poland). The research included the determination of an impact of two weed control methods (mechanical and chemical) and three sowing densities on the yield of selected winter spelt and common wheat cultivars, the yield components and their physiological parameters. The application of a chemical herbicide did not significantly influence grain yielding in 2011 compared to a mechanical weed control method, and increased it in the years 2012 and 2013. An increase in sowing density from 300 to 500 grains per m2 increased the yielding, the number of ears and at the same time, decreased the grain number in an ear. The mass of 1000 grains was similar regardless of sowing density. The highest mean yields in the three years were observed in common wheat Tonacja, lower in spelt cultivars of Plant Breeding Strzelce and the lowest in Oberkulmer Rotkorn spelt cultivar. The responses of spelt various cultivars to different weed control methods and to various sowing densities were similar.Pozycja Open Access Correlation Between Selected Metric Traits of the Head Skeleton and the Bone Elements of the Thoracic and Pelvic Limbs and Sex and Litter Size in Long-Tailed Chinchilla (Chinchilla Laniger, Molina 1782)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Pęzińska-Kijak, Katarzyna; Baranowski, Piotr; Department of Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThis study aimed at determining the values of basic osteometric traits of the long and flat bones allowing for sex and litter size as well as finding out whether a statistical correlation exists between the cranial traits and those of selected post-cranial bones in long-tailed chinchilla. The study material consisted of 140 humeri, scapulae, femora and pelvises and 136 crania of farm long-tailed chinchillas of both sexes from single and multiple litters. A greater correlation was found in the chinchilla skeleton between the head skeleton and the skeleton of the shoulder and pelvic girdles in females than in males, whereas no significant effect of sex and litter size on the metric traits of long-tailed chinchilla scapula, humerus, pelvis and femur.Pozycja Open Access The Nutrient Content in Soybean Seeds (Glycine Max L. Merr.) After Application of Exogenous Growth Regulators(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Nowak, Anna; Wróbel, Jacek; Laboratory of Dermatological Pharmacotherapy, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandA two-year pot experiment was carried out at the Experimental Hall, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. The experiment examined the effect of exogenous growth regulators, i.e. indolilo-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) used separately and in a mixture, on the content of nutritionally valuable macronutrients (Na, K, Ca, P and Mg) and sulphur amino acids (methionine and cysteine) in the seeds of three Polish soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars, i.e. Aldana, Progres and Jutro. During plant vegetation, double spraying with growth regulators at a concentration of 30 mg · dm–3 was applied. Plants from the Jutro cultivar sprayed with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were characterized by the highest content of Na, K, Ca and Mg and sulphur amino acids but also the lowest content of nitrates. Other variants of growth regulators also had a positive effect on the improvement of qualitative traits in the soybean cultivars examined but to a lesser extent. Growth regulators significantly but variably influenced the nutritional content of macronutrients in the seeds of three soybean cultivars. The content of calcium, potassium and magnesium increased regardless of the type of growth regulators. On the other hand, a decrease in the nitrate form of nitrogen content was observed. BAP significantly increased the content of nutritionally valuable elements such as calcium and magnesium, and essential amino acids, especially in the Jutro and Progres cultivars. The results indicate a positive effect of growth regulators on the biological value of the tested cultivars of soybean seeds.Pozycja Open Access Effect of Carbohydrate Source on In Vitro Propagation and Rooting of Two Cultivars of Petunia (Petunia × Atkinsiana D. Don)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Krupa-Małkiewicz, Marcelina; Fornal, Natalia; Kosatka, Alicja; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe effects of carbohydrate type and concentration on shoot multiplication of two cultivars of Petunia × atkinsiana D. Don ‘Prism White’ and ‘Prism Rose’ and on the root formation in in vitro culture were investigated. Sucrose, fructose, glucose, and maltose were tested at concentration ranging from 0 to 50 g · dm–3. Glucose and maltose did not stimulate proliferation of petunia shoots. Either the lack of carbon source or its high concentration (50 g · dm–3) was completely ineffective in rooting induction for both cvs. ‘Prism White’ and ‘Prism Rose’. In ‘Prism White’ the highest mean values for microshoot number together with the highest number of new shoots per one explant was obtained on the medium containing 30 g · dm–3 of fructose. Considering ‘Prism Rose’, the more favorable sugar source and concentration for shoot length was obtained on medium with 30 g · dm–3 of sucrose. The highest number of adventitious roots produced per shoot of petunia ‘Prism White’ was obtained on medium supplemented with 40 g · dm–3 of glucose and for petunia ‘Prism Rose’ – 30 g · dm–3 sucrose and maltose. The results presented in this study indicate that sucrose could be replaced by other carbon source in micropropagation of petunia.Pozycja Open Access Microbiome of Soil Contaminated by Fuels(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Hawrot-Paw, Małgorzata; Izwikow, Monika; Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the study was to determine the influence of the presence of fuels in the soil on the number of selected groups of soil microorganisms, including bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi, copiotrophs and oligotrophs. In the experiment, diesel oil (DO), biodiesel (BD) and a mixture of both fuels, in which the share of biodiesel was 10% (BD10), were used. Two levels of contamination were applied: 10 and 100 g · kg–1 d.m. of soil. The number of microorganisms was assessed with the method of plating dilutions of the soil on culture media suitable for particular groups of microorganisms. Based on the obtained results, varying sensibility of microorganisms to the presence of fuels in the soil was discovered. The kind of fuel and its dose had a significant impact on the numbers of bacteria, actinobacteria and fungi. There was no correlation between these factors and copiotrophic and oligotrophic microorganisms.Pozycja Open Access Polymorphisms in the Gene of UCP3 in Dairy Cattle(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Głosińska, Joanna; Kowalewska-Łuczak, Inga; Kulig, Hanna; Wojdak-Maksymiec, Katarzyna; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the following study was to determine the influence of genotypes in the polymorphic region of UCP3 gene on the selected traits of milk performance (milk yield, protein, fat and the content of protein and fat). A herd of 169 Polish Red-and-White Holstein-Friesian cows was studied. The analysis of genotypes of individuals was performed using the PCR- -RFLP method. By analyzing the frequency of alleles and genotypes of UCP3/MaeII, in the tested herd of Polish Red-and-White Holstein-Friesian cows, one can state that the CC genotype occurred with the greatest frequency (0.66). The frequency of the C allele was 0.79. The analysis of obtained results showed statistically significant correlations between the UCP3/MaeII genotypes and individual traits of milk performance.Pozycja Open Access The Antibacterial Properties of Silage from Different Varieties of Sorghum(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Galbas, Mariola; Selwet, Marek; Borkowski, Andrzej; Cłapa, Tomasz; Porzucek, Filip; Skrzypczak, Witold; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland; Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Poland; Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Soil and Plant Cultivation, Poznan University of Life Sciences, PolandSorghum is a good silage material due to its good productivity, low buffer capacity and high content of soluble carbohydrates. The aim of the study was to examine the antagonistic properties of bacteria present in the silage prepared from different varieties of sorghum, against pathogenic enterobacteria. Potentially antibacterial microorganisms from the silages were investigated by means of the well method and by measuring the size of growth inhibition zones observed on bacterial lawns made from the Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. genera and Escherichia coli species. The PCR method was used for qualitative detection of the DNA of antagonistic bacteria. Lactobacillus plantarum was the predominant species in the silage.Pozycja Open Access Effect of the Age at First Calving on Milk Performance in Simental Cows(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Cioch, Barbara; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Rzewucka-Wójcik, Edyta; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe studies included 88 Simental cows which were kept on farm in the West Pomerania province. The effect of age at first calving depending on milk performance in subsequent 305-day lactations were determined. The highest milk, fat and protein yield in third lactation was characteristic for the cows calving between 26 and 29 month of age, whereas in the first and second lactations – for cows calving below 26 month of age. The highest fat and protein content was observed in milk of cows which calved late – after the age 29 months. No clear dependence was found between the age of first calving and milk performance traits in lactations.Pozycja Open Access Microstructure of the Masseter Muscle (Musculus Masseter) in Cattle(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Bogucka, Joanna; Bogucki, Mariusz; Frymarski, Michał; Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, PolandThe aim of the study was to examine the microstructure of the masseter muscle (musculus masseter) in slaughter cattle depending on sex and age. The experiment used 40 cattle (7 cows more than 5 years old, 12 heifers and 21 bulls less than 24 months old). Following slaughter, muscle samples were collected and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Frozen samples were to cut into 10 μm sections on a cryostat. Next, the sections were placed on a glass slide and stained for NADH-TR activity to identify oxidative (βR) and glycolytic (αW) muscle fibres. Age and sex of cattle had a significant effect on the diameter of muscle fibres. Older animals had a greater diameter of both fibre types. In females βR and αW fibres had a greater diameter than in males. The masseter muscle contained a greater percentage of oxidative compared to glycolytic fibres. The age of the studied animals had no effect on the content of different muscle fibre types and the fibre proportions in young and adult slaughter cattle were at a similar level. Sex of animals was found to have an effect on the percentage of βR and αW fibres. A significantly greater proportion of oxidative fibres in the masseter muscle was found in males. An inverse relation occurred for glycolytic fibres, which were more abundant in the muscles of females.Pozycja Open Access Sources of Folates in Human Diet(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Bielecka, Marika Magdalena; Cichosz, Grażyna; Nowak, Katarzyna; Chair of Dairy Science and Quality Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland; Chair of Dairy Science and Quality Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland; Chair of Dairy Science and Quality Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, PolandFood of plant origin is characterized by the highest content of folates. Unfortunately, these compounds are supple to oxidation; their thermal destruction and removing with water are also unavoidable. Fresh food products subjected to thermal processing contain only from about 40% (broccoli, lentils) to over 90% (onion, soya, hen's egg) of the initial amount of folates. Content of folates in chilled food subjected to thermal processing is much lower: loss during chilling amounts to 10–20%, and increase from 16 to almost 100% during storage. Moreover, inhibitors of conjugase present in vegetables (cabbage, tomatoes, beans) and oranges and also polyphenols (wine, beer, tea, fruits) reduce bioavailability of folates. In food of animal origin (except liver) folate content is on average 2–2.5 times lower then in vegetables. Anyway, they are much more stable due to the presence of lipophylic antioxidants and also FBP (folate binding protein) in dairy products. Slower rate of absorption of folates bound to the protein and protection against intestinal bacteria increases their bioavailability. Absorption and metabolic utilization of folates is higher in the case of animal food products then plant ones.Pozycja Open Access Comparison of Meat Quality of Selected Exotic Animals Species(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Balowski, Mateusz; Sobczak, Małgorzata; Żochowska-Kujawska, Joanna; Pytel-Zając, Olga; Niedźwiedź, Marcin; Department of Meat Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Meat Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Meat Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Meat Science, West Pomeraniane University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Slaughterhouse and Meat Products, Janusz Niedźwiedź, Wholesale, Kalisz Pomorski, PolandThe paper presents a quality analysis of meat from most valuable elements of carcass of two exotic animals species: kangaroo (silverside – m. biceps femoris and m. semitendinosus) and crocodile (tail – m. longissimus). It compared results of histological assays with results of instrumental analysis of texture and sensory evaluation and then with results of measurements of pH value and cooking losses of meat. It was found a significant (p ≤ 0.01) effect of animal species on average values of structural elements (with exception of thickness of endomysium) and cohesiveness (in instrumental assessment) of meat, as well as average scores of sensory evaluation (with exception of chewiness) and cooking losses of meat. Crocodile and kangaroo meat was not significantly different in terms of TPA test parameters such as hardness, springiness, plasticity, chewiness and gumminess. Muscles from leg of kangaroo were contained smaller muscle fibers with less regular shape and thicker.