Wydanie 366(65)1 2023
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Pozycja Open Access Computed tomographic, ultrasonographic and radiographic features of caprine congenital goiter and normal thyroid gland in 2-month-old goats(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Pankowski, Filip; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, PolandGoiter, that is enlargement of the thyroid gland, is one of the most common symptoms of thyroid disease in goats. It is usually caused by an iodine deficiency in the diet or the consumption of goitrogenic substances, less often by genetic factors. The development of diagnostic imaging in veterinary medicine and the increasing tendency of animal owners to perform imaging examinations create the need to describe diseases and normal organs in these examinations. The aim of the study was to present the ultrasonographic (US), computed tomographic (CT) and radiographic features of the congenital goiter and the normal thyroid gland in 2-month-old goats. The study was conducted on 18 female goats. Basic diagnostic imaging features of the thyroid gland, such as size, shape, echogenicity, echostructure and density were described. The thyroid gland with congenital goiter showed heterogeneous echostructure and reduced or normal echogenicity on US, reduced density on CT and soft tissue enlargement in the cranial neck area on radiography. Normal thyroid gland in 2-month-old goats on US had mean dimensions of 16 mm × 7 mm × 3.8 mm, homogeneous echostructure and echogenicity higher than the surrounding muscles. On CT, it had mean dimensions of 16.4 mm × 7.7 mm × 4.6 mm and mean density of 80.5 Hounsfield units (HU), while on radiography it couldn’t be differentiated from the surrounding soft tissues. US and CT enable visualization of the thyroid gland and can be used to diagnose congenital goiter in goats. The results of this study contribute to the knowledge of diagnostic imaging of the caprine thyroid gland.Pozycja Open Access Effect of polymorphisms in exon 8 of the PPARGC1A gene on milk production traits in cattle(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Śpiewak, Magdalena; Kowalewska, Inga; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, Faculty of Biotechnology and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe objective of this study was to investigate associations between genotypes of polymorphisms in exon 8 of the PPARGC1A gene and milk production traits in dairy cattle. The study was conducted in a herd of 959 Polish Holstein-Friesian of the black and white cows kept in western Poland. In this study, three polymorphisms within exon 8 of the PPARGC1A gene were analyzed: rs445204772, rs109164431 and rs133669403 and they are responsible for two missense and one synonymous type mutations. All cows were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. The PPARGC1A polymorphisms that were studied had the following major allele frequencies: rs445204772 – allele A 0.523; rs109164431 – allele C 0.607 and rs133669403 – allele A 0.546. Statistical analysis was aimed at estimating the effect of individual genotypes on milk performance traits such as milk, protein, and fat yield as well as protein and fat content in milk. For rs445204772 polymorphism, a statistically significant effect on milk yield (P ≤ 0.05) and fat content (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01) was observed. Polymorphism rs109164431 significantly (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01) affected milk, fat, and protein yield as well as milk fat content. In the case of polymorphism rs133669403, it was found that it affects to a different degree (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01) most of the analyzed milk performance traits. The obtained results may contribute to the state of knowledge regarding the identification of the most important SNPs that could be used for the selection of marker assisted dairy cattle.Pozycja Open Access Monitoring of dogs breeds and monitoring of off-leash dog-parks in the Mokotów district in Warsaw(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Lewandowska, Agata; Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa, PolandThe domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is the most popular human companion, also in Poland. Among recognized by FCI dog breeds, there are those that are more popular. In order to meet the needs of owners and their dogs, dog-parks were created. Sometimes they are controversial. The aim of monitoring is to determine the population of dogs in the study area and to evaluate the dog-parks and their use by dog owners. 14 places were selected for monitoring in the Mokotów district: 6 dog-parks and 8 parks. The respondents to the survey were dog keepers and owners. A survey was conducted for dog owners in Warsaw and active monitoring of parks, green spaces and dog-park in the Mokotów district. The survey results showed that the most frequently owning type of dog is the Mongrel. The vast majority of respondents declare that they do not use dog-parks. The results of active monitoring of the dog population also showed that the most frequently owned type of dog is the Mongrel. From purebred dogs, sequentially: Yorkshire Terrier, Jack Russell Terrier, Labrador Retriever, next Golden Retriever. Parks for dogs in the Mokotów district are fenced or designated spaces, enriched with equipment that activates caregivers and their pets. 2 of the 6 dog-areas selected for obser vation have been permanently removed. Both facilities were located in a residential area. Dog-parks are most often used as places for free explorations of dogs, without leash. In most of the observations, no dog-owner activity was observed.Pozycja Open Access Monitoring proposition of the European badger (Meles meles)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Borucka, Agata; Faculty of Animal Breeding, Bioengineering and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa, PolandThe paper presents proposed methods for monitoring the European badger in Poland. In addition to the characteristics of the species, habitat requirements, threats and conservation perspectives are discussed. Based on literature data, indicators were developed to provide reliable information on population size and habitat condition. Furthermore, an example of a completed observation card and the resulting assessment is provided. Data collected in the recommended manner may help to learn about the current situation of badgers in Poland and thus contribute to the implementation of appropriate measures for their protection.Pozycja Open Access Nutritional problems of large and giant breed dogs. Part I. Puppies(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Kępińska-Pacelik, Jagoda; Biel, Wioletta; Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Monogastric Animal Sciences, Division of Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, PolandFeeding dogs is not a simple matter. Dogs are one of the most diverse animal species in the world. Thousands of years of evolution of the species of domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris L.), have resulted in the fact that nowadays there are hundreds of dog breeds that differ not only in color, type of coat or character, but above all in size. No domestic animal has had a richer history of evolu tion in direct human contact than the domestic dog. Due to the growing awareness of the caregivers, the pet food market is changing dynamically. Foods are produced that are adapted to the dog’s age, lifestyle, physical activity and breed size. Despite this, often the animal’s diet is inadequate balanced. The caregivers make the mistake of choosing a food that is not adapted to the age and size of the dog. A common problem, for example, is to give puppy food to adult dogs of small breeds, although representatives of these breeds reach maturity more quickly than large breed dogs. Furthermore, the current nutritional guidelines do not provide recommended minimum and maximum amounts of any given nutrient based on the breed size of the dog. The purpose of this article is to characterize the most important nutrients, especially important in the nutrition of large and giant breed puppies.Pozycja Open Access Polymorphism in BMAP-27 and BMAP-28 genes and their relationship with milk production traits in cattle(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Hiller, Sonia; Kowalewska, Inga; Department of Genetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe study aimed to analyze polymorphisms located in exon 4 of the CATHL5 gene encoding the BMAP-28 protein and in exon 4 of the CATHL6 gene encoding the BMAP-27 protein concerning milk performance parameters, such as milk yield, fat, protein, and lactose content and somatic cell count in milk. The PCR-RFLP method using the ACRS technique was used in the study to create a cleavage site for enzymes. Based on the results of genotyping, results for individual SNPs were obtained, with statistically significant differences at the P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01. Between individual genotypes of the studied polymorphisms and selected traits of milk production.Pozycja Open Access RAPD and ISSR polymorphisms in selected genotypes of Lycium sp.(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Smolik, Miłosz; Gierszewska, Paulina; Jary-Nowak, Marta; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandDue to the high value and economic importance of the plant Lycium (goji), its genome has been intensively studied in multidisciplinary research. In the present study, the structure and genetic relationships of 14 selected Lycium genotypes from different origins are presented. By using 18 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) decamers and 15 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers, 200 and 183 loci were amplified, respectively. Among the amplified loci, 45.5–49.2% were polymorphic, and 6.5–7.6% were genotype-specific. Cluster and STRUCTURE analyses performed for RAPD and ISSR revealed the genetic relationships among the genotypes. The highly significant and positive value of the Mantel’s correlation coefficient calculated for the Jaccard similarity matrices of RAPD and ISSR confirmed the suitability of using both these methods separately in this type of study. The significant values of FST statistics obtained in AMOVA for ‘among’ and ‘within’ group analysis confirmed the diversity of genotypes not only between the designated groups but also within them. This diversity provides opportunities to select interesting genotypes and conduct further studies on identifying markers for marker-assisted selectionPozycja Open Access The selected elements of the chemical composition of mixtures of narrowleaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) With spring triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) grown for green fodder(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Górski, Rafał; Płaza, Anna; Faculty of Engineering and Economics, Ignacy Mościcki University of Applied Sciences in Ciechanów; Institute of Agriculture and Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, PolandField studies were conducted in 2016–2018 at the Agricultural Experimental Station in Zawady, which belongs to the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, located near Siedlce in the Mazowieckie Voivodeship. The aim of the conducted research was to evaluate the content of selected nutrients in mixtures of narrowleaf lupin with spring triticale harvested at two developmental stages of narrowleaf lupin. The highest content of total carbohydrates, water-soluble carbohydrates and crude ash, among the mixtures, was revealed in a mixture with 75% narrowleaf lupin and 25% spring triticale. In contrast, the highest crude fat content was found in mixtures with component shares of narrowleaf lupin and spring triticale of 75% + 25% and 50% + 50%, respectively. A higher carbohydrate and crude ash content was determined in mixtures harvested at the flowering stage of narrowleaf lupin, while higher crude fat contents were determined in mixtures harvested at the flat green pod stage of narrowleaf lupin. Among the mixtures to be grown to achieve fodder with a high content of total carbohydrates, water-soluble carbohydrates, crude fat and crude ash a mixture with 75% + 25% components of narrowleaf lupin and spring triticale, respectively, should be recommended and harvested at the narrowleaf lupin flowering stage.