FPUTS seria Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2019
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Pozycja Open Access Alternative Use of Mare Milk(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Romaniuk, Karolina; Majszyk-Świątek, Marta; Kryszak, Katarzyna; Danielewicz, Agata; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandMare milk, compared to the milk of other animal species used for dairy purposes, is distinguished by a wealth of bioactive substances conferring health benefits. Mare milk positively affects the human immune system and digestive system. It is rich in nutrients that have a beneficial effect on the skin and protect its cells against oxidative stress. The aim of the survey was to investigate consumer awareness of the alternative use of mare milk. The survey was conducted among students from four fields of study (bioengineering of food, dietetics, agriculture, and animal husbandry) and people with no connection to agriculture. In total, responses were obtained from 200 people. Fifty-one per cent of respondents were unaware that horses are used for dairy purposes. Mare milk is most often (60% of respondents) associated only with food for foals. The respondents’ awareness of the chemical composition of milk was low (37%). The main food product made from mare milk that was familiar to the respondents (70%) was kumis.Pozycja Open Access Analysis and Comparision of the Frequency of Pathological Conditions and Lesions in Slaughtered Animals in Poland in 2009 and 2017(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Górski, Krzysztof; Kondracki, Stanisław; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandThe aim of the study was to analyze and compare the frequency of symptoms and pathological conditions in slaughtered animals in 2009 and 2017, and to determine the reasons behind their presence. The results of official post-mortem assessment of cattle, pigs and sheep carried out by the Veterinary Inspection were analyzed. When analyzing the causes of lesions or pathological symptoms and unfitness for consumption, the following conditions have been included: tuberculosis, actinomycosis, as well as quality deviations: emaciation and watery muscles, icterus, organoleptic changes, incomplete loss of blood, natural death, slaughter in agony, foci of pus, contamination and congestions, as well as other changes and parasitic invasions: cysticercosis, echinococcosis, fasciolosis and trichinellosis. It was found that the number of slaughtered animals exhibiting health condition deviations or symptoms and pathological changes remains at a high level in Poland, and it even demonstrates a slight increase in case of cattle. A large number of contamination and congestions indicates low attention to the conditions of ante-mortem trading in terms of slaughtered animals, as well as to hygiene and conditions for slaughtering, cutting and carcass processing. Quality deviations in the form of emaciation and watery muscles or incomplete loss of blood in slaughtered animals indicate mistakes made during breeding or when transporting the slaughtered animals. Having considered the foregoing, there may be justified concerns about the appropriate level of animal welfare. Parasitic diseases, especially fasciolosis in cattle and sheep, and echinococcosis in pigs in some areas require more effective actions to reduce them. On the other hand, a very small number of cases of trichinellosis in pig meat can be considered satisfactory.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of Equine Behavior Patern of Recreational and Sport Horses Under Saddle Utilization(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Cieśla, Angelika; Pluta, Michał; Kostrzewska, Emilia; Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Animal Assisted Therapy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horse Breeding and Use, University of Life Science in Lublin, Poland; Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Animal Assisted Therapy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the study was to analyze the behavior of recreational and sport horses in three different seasons of their riding use. The observations included 15 geldings and mares, in that 9 horses used for recreation and 6 sport horses used in jumping over an obstacle (L-C class). The horses were managed in the same environmental conditions, in the same riding center. The observations of horse behavioral responses were carried out three times, i.e. observation I – before the summer season, observation II – during the holiday time, observation III – beyond the summer season which is the period of the lowest workload of horses used for leisure (December). Horse behavior pattern was assessed towards mounting a horse by a rider, tighten the girth as well as aids-related responses, reaction to bending and finally, jumping over an obstacle. Besides, the behavior of horses used for recreational activities was evaluated when a rider was working the horse on the lunge line. The equine behavior pattern was assessed on the scale of 1 to 3 points, when 1 pt meant the undesirable, negative refusal to perform a task, aggressive tendencies, 2 pt – accteptable reaction, small signs of disobedience or anxiety, pinned back ears, wagging tail showing irritation, delayed reaction to the aids etc., whereas 3 pts desirable behavior, willing to execute tasks, displaying full acceptance of aids, etc. It was found that sport horses showed better behavior in the range of the parameters evaluated. The horses used for recreation purposes earned significantly lower scores for the behavior at the extended working time, that is during the holiday season when average working time length was 3.58 h/day. There was observed a significant correlation between the working time of horses used for leisure in the summer period and the behavior scores. The worse scores obtained by the leisure horses were most probably the effect of carrying a higher number of riders of different skills levels and the extended working time.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of the Activity of Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Green and Roasted Coffee Extracts as Acetylocholinesterase Inhibitors Using an Isothermal Method of Titration Calorimetry(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Grzelczyk, Joanna; Budryn, Grażyna; Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, Poland; Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Łódź University of Technology, PolandAcetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) is a major enzyme responsible for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This enzyme regulates the nerve impulse conduction by hydrolyzing the excess of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, decreasing its level in the brain. A low level of acetylcholine observed in neurodegenerative diseases contributes to the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary degeneration, which together with the development of AD spread in the cerebral cortex. That is why natural, non-toxic AChE inhibitors are sought for. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of inhibition of AChE activity by single hydroxycinnamic acids and coffee extracts depending on the type of coffee and its roasting. The study was carried out by means of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), determining thermodynamic interactions and parameters. ITC analysis showed that the most stable bonds and strong interactions were characterized by 3-caffeoylquinic acid with AChE, and also was the most effective AChE inhibitor. Analysis of coffee extracts showed that the highest activity to AChE was characterized by Robusta green coffee.Pozycja Open Access Bactericidal and Fungicidal Activity of the Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum) Essential Oil(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Stachurska, Xymena; Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of this study was to in vitro determine the antimicrobial activity of essential oil obtained from wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum) against three test microorganisms representing species: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The research was carried out using the disk diffusion assay. The activity of TSL oil was analyzed at various concentrations ranging from 200 μL/mL to 2.0 μL/mL, assessing the diameters of zones of inhibited growth. After averaging the obtained values, the range of antimicrobial activity of TSL was determined based on reference data. TSL essential oil showed only moderate inhibitory activity against S. aureus and E. coli at concentrations of 200 and 125 μL/mL, and a large inhibitory effect against C. albicans at concentrations of 200, 125 and 62.5 μL/mL and moderate at a concentration of 31.2 μL/mL. On this basis, the MIC value was determined for the C. albicans test strain of 62.5 μL/mL, considering it the most effective. In addition, it was found that carvacrol - one of the major components of TSL – can show strong growth inhibitory effects in both fungi and bacteria selected species.Pozycja Open Access Behavioural Traits of Cats (Felis catus) - Importance for Humans(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Dmitruk, Maria; Kołdziejczyk, Dorota; Horoszewicz, Elżbieta; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandAmong companion animals, the behaviour of the cat is least known and understood. For years it has been a mystery to many people. It is difficult to correctly assess and read a cat’s facial expressions, tail movements and perception of the world. Increasing attention is being paid to developing proper relationships with animals and improving our understanding of their language. This study describes the body language of cats, with particular focus on the expression of the emotional states of these popular pets.Pozycja Open Access Common Mare's Tail (Hippuris vulgaris L.) in the Assessment of Water Status and Their Phytoremediation(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Gałczyńska, Małgorzata; Milke, Justyna; Gamrat, Renata; Stoltman, Marcin; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology of Environment, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Management, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandPollution of aquatic ecosystems continues to be a problem in developed countries, resulting in a reduction in the biodiversity of organisms associated with these habitats. In many countries, macrophyte indices are used to assess surface water pollution. They apply both to determining the ecological status of lakes and rivers. The presence of aquatic plants informs, among others, on the level of water eutrophication, and the analysis of the content of metals in plants indicates the pollution of water ecosystems with metals. Failure to reach the key objective of the Water Framework Directive, i.e. good water status, by 2015 forces the search for new ways of water management, including cheap and environmentally friendly methods of treatment of contaminated and used waters. The results of research on the possibilities and limitations in the functioning of individual species of aquatic plants in polluted and used waters allow for the rational selection of plants for phytoremediation of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this review was to discuss the biological features of common mare's tail and its habitat and to determine the plant’s ability to develop in waters contaminated with biogenic compounds and metals, and to determine its ability to uptake metals measured by the effectiveness of removing contaminants. It was found that mare's tail occurs in waters with variable concentration of biogenic compounds and metals. Irrespectively of the concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the plant growth medium, each introduction of lead, zinc, copper, manganese and iron into the plant growth medium, in quantities corresponding to the limit values for V class water quality, caused their increased uptake by mare's tail. The accumulation of these elements reflects the state of water pollution with metals. Nevertheless, water pollution with some metals causes the biomass of the plant to be reduced. Due to high efficiency of removing various impurities by mare's tail, the plant can be used in the hydrophytic systems of wastewater treatment but its best use is for the purpose of after-treatment of municipal wastewater.Pozycja Open Access The Content of Organochlorine Pesticides and their Derivatives in the Soil Near the Areas of Agrochemicals(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Ivankiv, Maryana; Vovk, Stakh; Marcynovsky, Vitaliy; Korinets, Yuriy; Department of Animal Science and Fodder Production, Lviv National Agrarian University, Ukraine; Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region, Ukraine; Department of Biology, Rivne State Humanitarian University, Ukraine; Department of Animal Science and Fodder Production, Lviv National Agrarian University, UkraineThey conducted an ecotoxicological survey of the soils of the sanitary zones of nonactive agrochemical warehouses and established the boundaries of chlorinated organic pesticide-polluted zones. Studies on dark grey, podzolized soils in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine found that there is a spatial migration of organochlorine pesticides and the degree of chemical degradation of soils is estimated.Pozycja Open Access Dependencies Between Cattle Breed and Profitability of Raw Milk Production(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Powchowicz, Mikołaj; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the study was to compare profitability of raw milk production in two herds, one of Jersey cows (J) and the other of Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White cows (PHF), owned by the same economic entity. In this study daily actual and standardised (FCM and VCM) milk yields as well as milk composition were compared between Jersey and PHF cows in terms of age groups (primiparous vs. multiparous cows). Within the Jersey and PHF breeds for each year of the analysed period a balance of revenue and costs from raw milk production was prepared, while production indexes were calculated, i.e. total production cost of 1 l milk, net income from cattle production, net income from the production of 1 l milk, the value of milk production per cow and net income per cow. A more advantageous actual daily milk yield, daily milk yield expressed as FCM and VCM as well as the value of daily milk production were recorded for primiparous PHF cows in comparison to their Jersey peers. In that age group of cows in terms of milk composition, greater contents of fat, protein, solids as well as somatic cell count were found for primiparous Jersey cows. In the case of multiparous cows except for daily FCM and somatic cell count (means did not differ significantly), similar dependencies were recorded for the analysed parameters as those observed for primiparous cows. When comparing profitability indexes for raw milk production in the years 2014–2016 between the Jersey and PHF herds it was shown that in 2014 and 2015, despite lower average milk yields, net income from the production of 1 l milk was the greatest in the Jersey herd, while in 2016 a more advantageous value of this index was recorded for the PHF cows in relation to Jersey cows. In conclusion it may be stated that costs incurred for raw milk production are dependent on specific conditions in a given herd or farm, this it is a rational approach to continuously reduce outlays on milk production combined with improvement of production and functional traits in cows. If the total production costs per 1 l milk in the Jersey and the PHF herds are comparable, greater profitability of raw milk production is observed for Jersey cows. This results from the higher price for sale of milk coming from cows of this breed.Pozycja Open Access Drug Resistance of Pseudomonas spp. Strains Isolated from Water Reservoirs and Sewage Treatment Plants in Szczecin(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Wrzecińska, Marcjanna; Student Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in SzczecinThe increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics has become a global problem. Among 12 most alarming bacteria, the WHO recognized carbapaneme-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa as resistant to carbapenems as a critical threat. These bacteria can cause nosocomial infections and are common in the natural environment, including in water used as bathing beach. For this reason, effective detection is necessary to prevent infections more effectively. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance of representatives of Pseudomonas genus isolated from the environment. Water from reservoirs located in Szczecin and an one sample of activated sludge were examined. Seven strains were selected for further studies. The basic physiological and biochemical characteristics of the genus Pseudomonas along with antibiotic resistance were examined. Mobility was assessed on Swarm Agar (Caiazza et al. 2005) and confirmed under phase-contrast microscope. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain resistant to aztreonam was discovered among the isolates. Studies have shown that water reservoirs that are used for recreational purposes and water intake may be a reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria, including a carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Detection of these microorganisms could serve as a marker of water contamination that would prevent Pseudomonas infections and decrease the spreading of this bacteria among people and animals.Pozycja Open Access The Effect of Age on the Quality of Broiler Duck Meat(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Biesiada-Drzazga, Barbara; Banaszewska, Dorota; Brodzik, Urszula; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe aim of the study was to evaluate selected quality characteristics of duck meat depending on the age of the ducks. The material consisted of 100 Pekin – STAR 53 H.Y. crossbred meat ducks of French origin. The ducks were reared for 8 weeks. During the entire period they were reared in an intensive system as broilers. The breast muscles contained from 22.15% to 23.34% crude protein, and the content of this component increased slightly with the age of the ducks. There was a marked increase in crude fat content in these muscles. The leg muscles of the ducks contained less crude protein than the breast muscles (from 21.03% to 22.34%) and markedly more crude fat (from 4.17% to 6.80%). No changes were observed in cholesterol content in the muscles in successive weeks of rearing; only an increasing tendency was noted for cholesterol content as fat content increased in the muscles. The breast muscles contained on average from 2 to 22 μg of retinol and from 10 to 28 μg of gamma-tocopherol per 100 g of muscle tissue, while the leg muscles contained from 10 to 22 μg of retinol and from 10 to 30 μg of gamma-tocopherol. As in the breast muscles, age was not found to affect retinol content in the leg muscles, but the amount of gamma-tocopherol in the leg muscles changed in a reverse in direction as in the breast muscles, i.e. it increased with the age of the ducks. The lipids of the breast muscles of the ducks in weeks 6, 7 and 8 of rearing contained from 46.0% to 47.8% saturated fatty acids (SFA) and from 52.2% to 54.0% unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). An increase was observed in the share of UFA and a decrease in that of SFA between the ages of 6 and 8 weeks. The leg muscles contained markedly less SFA and more UFA than the breast muscles.Pozycja Open Access The Effect of Casein Content in Raw Milk on Retention of Basic Ingredients in Pasteurized Milk and Raw Curd(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Salamończyk, Ewa; Młynek, Krzysztof; Zielińska, Karolina; Department of Cattle, Sheep Breeding and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Cattle, Sheep Breeding and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Cattle, Sheep Breeding and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandThe aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of casein content in milk on cheese yield and the ability to retain the basic ingredients in the raw curds and their migration to whey. The research material was 61 samples of pasteurized milk from Holstein-Friesian cows. Only raw material of acidity in the range of 6.5–7.5°SH and meeting the cytological standards was included in the experiments. Milk was assigned to one of one of two classes of casein content (CCA). The threshold value of division of the raw material was set at 2.43%. The content of protein, fat, dry matter, solids-not-fat was determined in pasteurized milk, whey, raw curd. The higher content of casein in raw milk had a positive effect on the retention of basic ingredients in the pasteurized milk, raw curd at the same time lower protein content in whey. More cheese mass was obtained from milk with higher casein content. For reasons of milk processing practice, it should be recognized that in case of milk produced for cheese-making, the casein level should be casein content exceeding the 2.43%.Pozycja Open Access Effect of Cow Age and Stocking Rate on Milk Output and Milking Duration(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Wójcik, Piotr; Meller, Mariusz; Mróz, Piotr; Department of Cattle Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Kraków, Poland; The Dobrzyniewo Stud Ltd., Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Kraków, PolandThe study was performed with Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) cows maintained in changing environmental conditions. Two groups of animals were established (with and without an outside yard), which were subjected to temporary crowding. The effects of age and rate of change in stocking density on milk output and milking duration were also determined. It was found in the study that cow age is a variable highly differentiating the cows in milk yield and milk quality parameters. The change in housing conditions (crowding) reduced milk yield by 8.92 kg in the section without outdoor access and by 7.46 kg in the section with outdoor access. In both experimental groups, milking time decreased with decreasing milk production. Outdoor access alleviated the adverse effects of increased stocking density and reduced stress.Pozycja Open Access Fertilizing Ability of the Texel RaSires Thawed Sperm under Different Modes of Their Use(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Hrymak, Khrystyna; Stakh, Vovk; Sharan, Mykola; Laboratory of Biotechnology of Reproduction, Institute of Animal Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine; Department of Livestock, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine; Laboratory of Biotechnology of Reproduction, Institute of Animal Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, UkraineThe article presents the results of experimental studies on the effect of the quality of ram-sires’ thawed sperm during the breeding and non-breeding periods under different modes of using the breeders. It is established that the acrosome preservation under the mode of using the ram-sires to receive 4 ejaculates per week compared to 6 and 8 ejaculates during the nonbreeding period was higher by 3.5 and 6.0%, respectively, and by 2.5 and 5.0 percent during the breeding period. Kinetic parameters of sperm motion during both periods of seasonal activity were also higher under the mode of receiving 4 ejaculates per week by 2.6–14.0 percent on average. The fertilizing ability of thawed sperm from the first insemination of ewes under the mode of receiving 4 ejaculates per week compared to the above mentioned modes was higher by 3.2 and 7.2% during the non-breeding period, and by 7.3 and 10.6% during the breeding period; while fertility at lamb birth – by 1.7 and 3.8%, and by 1.0 and 8.1 percent, respectively.Pozycja Open Access FTO and PLIN2 Genes Polymorphism in Relation to Growth Traits of Pigs(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Polasik, Daniel; Kamionka, Eva Maria; Tyra, Mirosław; Zagrobelny, Dagmara; Żak, Grzegorz; Terman, Arkadiusz; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandFTO and PLIN2 genes are considered as a markers for fat-related traits in pigs. However, high expression of these genes in muscle tissues and earlier studies suggest, that they can be also associated with growth. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze polymorphism in FTO (g.400C > G) and PLIN2 (g.98G > A) genes in relation to growth traits in pigs. The study were conducted on 578 sows including following breeds: Duroc, Hampshire, Polish Landrace, Pietrain, Puławska and Polish Large White. FTO and PLIN2 genes polymorphism was determined by use PCR-RFLP and ACRS-PCR methods respectively. Association analysis was performed for Polish Landrace, Puławska and Polish Large White separately and for joined group of 6 breeds. The results show that FTO genotypes were related only to test daily gain in Polish Large White pigs (p < 0.05). PLIN2 gene variants, however were associated with test daily gain in Polish Landrace, Puławska (p < 0.01) and joined group (p < 0.05), average daily gain in Puławska (p < 0.01), feed:gain ratio in joined group (p < 0.05) and age at slaughter and number of days on test in Puławska (p < 0.01) and joined group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 respectively). Obtained results show that PLIN2 gene is more related to growth traits in pigs than FTO, but needs further analysis and explanation.Pozycja Open Access Genome Comparative Studies in the Phasianidae Family Part II. Interspecific Amplification in thr Family Phasianidae on the Example of Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Morawska, Agnieszka; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, PolandIn studies aimed at understanding the genome of turkey, the great facilitation was the use of gene sequences and markers previously used to study the chicken genome. This was possible due to the fact that domestic chicken and wild turkey are phylogenetically related species with a common ancestor. In numerous analyses using chicken sequence, positive results of amplification of the turkey sequence were obtained, which accelerated the recognition of the genome of this species. Research aimed at the sequencing of the turkey genome used methods such as DNA microarrays, expression microarrays, identification of QTLs and candidate genes, and re-sequencing.Pozycja Open Access Ichthology and Economic Importance of Baltic Herring in Polish Fish Industry(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Sawicki, Tomasz; Juszczak, Magda; Szymczak, Mariusz; Department of Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandFor Polish fishery herring is a common material acquired from Baltic Sea. Despite the homogeneity of this species, herring is divided for many different types due to the geographical location of each shoal. Differences in the anatomic features between the types of herring indicate many adaptation attributes to environment in which this species lives. As a result, geographical division influences on spawning season, amount of laid eggs, size of eggs and the spawning period. These attributes are related with environmental conditions of given season. Herring belongs to fat fish, what affects meat properties, processing methods and types of products that can be obtained. Spawning season decides about mass yield of herring production and sensory quality of products. Herring meat is good source of necessary unsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, minerals and vitamins. The composition of herring meat indicates that it is favourable element of daily diet. Moreover, the price of this species is low in comparison to other fish. Additional benefit of the processing is, that also herring by-products find technological applications what reduces loss in fish processing industry.Pozycja Open Access Ichthology, Breeding and Economic Importance of Rainbow Trout in Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Juszczak, Magda; Sawicki, Tomasz; Szymczak, Mariusz; Kamiński, Patryk; Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, PolandOne of the most well-known species of farmed fish in the world is rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In Poland, aside from rainbow trout, there are two more species: brook trout and brown trout, that have significantly lower importance. Adaptation features of rainbow trout, including high tolerance for varied nutrients and different environments, and low surface requirements, have allowed for effective breeding of this species. Breeding and husbandry takes place in ponds, which are adapted to size, quantity and the age of fish to ensure the best possible environmental conditions. Rainbow trout meat is a very good source of protein, vitamins, minerals, unsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids. In distribution, rainbow trout occur in various forms, both fresh fish, gutted, fillets and smoked fish.Pozycja Open Access The Impact of the Application of Brewer's By-Product Roasted Barley Husks on Selected Parameters of Rumen Fermentation of Dairy Cows. In Vitro Study(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Formella, Rachela Anna; Pecka-Kiełb, Ewa; Zawadzki, Wojciech; Adamski, Maciej; Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Production, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Institute of Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Institute of Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Production, Institute of Animal Breeding, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, PolandThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of brewer's by-product roasted barley husks additive (RBH) on the cow's rumen fermentation process, in in vitro conditions. Ruminal fluid for the research was collected from 9 dairy cows selected on the basis of analogues. Animals were fed total mixed ratio (TMR). The substrates for in vitro experiment were composed on the basis of TMR. Control substrate contained only TMR. Substrates D1, D2, D3 contained TMR with the addition of respectively: 5, 10 and 15% of dry matter of RBH. Substrate D4 contained only RBH. Samples of ruminal fluid were incubated for 8 hours, in anaerobic conditions, at 39°C. A desirable effect of applying RBH was observed in groups D3 and D4 – the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) increased. Furthermore, positive effects were observed in groups D2 and D4 – acetic acid production decreased (by up to 7%). Reduced methane production (up to 10%) was observed in experimental groups which indicates that animals would have smaller energy losses. Most beneficial changes in the VFA profile and the highest growth of non-glucogenic and glucogenic acids ratio (NGR) were recorded in D3 group samples. Positive results in this matter are promising as the roasted barley husks are a by-product of beer production and its usage has both economic and ecologic benefits. Obtained results in the in vitro study are the prerequisites to carry out an in vivo experiment.Pozycja Open Access Indication of Mycobacteria of Mammals and Birds at the ZOO(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Gavrilina, Olena; Alekseeva, Natalia; Pozmogova, Svetlana; Kostyuk, Volodymyr; Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine; Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Dnipro, Ukraine; National Scientific Center «Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine», Kharkiv, Ukraine; National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, UkraineThe results of allergic, bacteriological and biochemical studies in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections of mammals and birds in the zoo of the municipal enterprise «T. H. Shevchenko park of Culture and Rest» Dnipro city are described. Comprehensive epizootic research was aimed at the exclusion of dangerous pathogenic mycobacteria. Zoological zones of pathogenic mycobacteria were not recorded in the environment and in animal organisms, but in the ground of enclosures and faeces we identified three cultures of acid-fast microorganisms, one of them was identified as M. flavescens, indicating the circulations of mycobacterial agents in internal and external environment of animal biotope of zoo.