Wydanie 345(48)4 2018
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Pozycja Open Access The Effects of Inca Fertilizer Used in Foliar Nutrition on Yield Quantity and Quality and Selected Physiological Parameters of Sweet Cherry Cv. ‘Burlat’(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Mikiciuk, Grzegorz; Mikiciuk, Małgorzata; Telesinski, Arkadiusz; Statkiewicz, Małgorzata; Chylewska, Urszula; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandSweet cherry is an important crop, grown on all continents. A serious problem associated with sweet cherry cultivation is fruit cracking, occurring on rainy days during the ripening period. The yield loss caused by fruit cracking can be as high as 90%. The most common approach to reducing this adverse phenomenon is foliar fertilization with calciumcontaining preparations. Only a few studies have focused on the impact of this macronutrient on fruit quality and content of bioactive substances in them and physiological properties of the trees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of calcium foliar supplementation on fruit yield quality and quantity, fruit susceptibility to cracking and on selected physiological parameters of sweet cherry. The study involved 14-year old sweet cherry trees of 'Burlat' cultivar, grafted onto 'PHL-A' rootstock. The trees were sprayed with InCa fertilizer (8.0% N, 13.0% CaO, and 1.0% Zn). The fertilizer was applied three times, at a dose of 1.5 dm3 ∙ ha–1 . The first foliar fertilization was performed at the beginning of the flowering period, and the next two took place at fourteen-day intervals. By reducing fruit cracking, InCa used in foliar nutrition significantly increased marketable yield of sweet cherry, without changing fruit weight, size or antioxidant properties. Application of the fertilizer caused a reduction in total acidity (TA) of the fruit and increased TSS/TA (total soluble solids/total acidity) ratio. Foliar application of InCa fertilizer increased the content of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and carotenoids in the leaves of 'Burlat' cultivar. The foliar nutrition with InCa did not change CO2 assimilation rate, CO2 concentration in leaf intercellular spaces and the value of relative water content (RWC).Pozycja Open Access Canis lupus familiaris – Domestication(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Wojtaś, Justyna; Karpiński, Mirosław; Tajchman, Katarzyna; Czyżowski, Piotr; Goleman, Małgorzata; Zieliński, Damian; Kozak, Agnieszka; Krupa, Wanda; Garbiec, Aleksandra; Drozd, Leszek; Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland; Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland; Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland; Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland; Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland; Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland; Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland; Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland; Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland; Department of Ethology and Animal Welfare, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, PolandThe dog has accompanied man the longest of all animals. Over the last several hundred thousand years, the dog has deserved to hold a special place in the life of man. It has become a rescuer, a guide, an assistant, a therapist, a defender and a friend. The relations of people and dogs are unlike the relations between man and any other domesticated animal. What has made the dog such a close friend for man? Using modern research methods, scientists have been looking for answers to this question. What was the domestication process, how long did it take and where did it start? Today we already know that the dog domestication process was started many times and independently in different parts of the world. The cradle of dog species turned out to be in Europe, not Asia, as was suggested before. The aim of this study was to review the latest research on the course of the dog's domestication process, as well as an indication of the characteristics of this species, which influenced the achievement of success in his domestication. It presents the results of archaeological, morphological and genetic studies. Different theories, as well as the behavioural aspect of this process, were described.Pozycja Open Access The Occurence of the Eurasian Otter Lutra Lutra in Aquatic Habitats of Different Trophy in Wigry National Park(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Romanowski, Jerzy; Januszewicz, Małgorzata; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Faculty of Biology and Environmental Studies, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland; Wigry National Park, Krzywe 82, Suwałki, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, PolandThe standard method was used for the first field survey of the Eurasian otter Lutra lutra distribution in all aquatic habitats in Wigry National Park (WNP) in northern Poland. Total of 59 study sites (48 on lakes, 8 on rivers and 3 on drainage ditches) were visited twice between 12th and18th of March and between 8th and 13th of May 2018. Signs of otters were found in 42 (71.2%) sites located throughout the whole area of Wigry National Park. The percentage of positive sites reached 100% in mesotrophic and eutrophic lakes as well as in rivers and meliorated canals. No signs of otter presence were recorded in dystrophic lakes located in the centre of peat-bogs. This marked difference in otter occurrence can be explained in the terms of different food availability: high in mesotrophic and eutrophic habitats and low in dystrophic lakes.Pozycja Open Access Comparison of Recording Results of Purebred and Crossbred Charolaise Cattle in Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Przysucha, Tomasz; Gołębiewski, Marcin; Slósarz, Jan; Kuczyńska, Beata; Puppel, Kamila; Kunowska-Slósarz, Małgorzata; Kalińska, Aleksandra; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, PolandThe aim of the study was to compare purebred and crossbred Charolaise cattle in respect to their compliance with the breeding goals and standards adopted by the Polish Association of Breeders and Producers of Beef Cattle. The study was based on data for the years 2002–2015 from the PABPBC and for the years 1996–2001 from the National Center of Animal Breeding (NCAB). The properties that were evaluated were the average weight of cows [kg], average body weight of calves after birth [kg], average daily weight gain of calves from birth to 210 days [g], average body weight of calves at 210 days [kg] and average milk yield of cows [kg]. Gradual decline in the share of the national Charolaise beef cattle population was observed as well as sSignificant decrease in the number of crossbreds with Charolaise breed. The aerage weight of cows in 2005–2006 amounting to 559.4 and 570.2 kg (for purebred) and 556.6 and 561.1 (for crossbred) meet the breeding standards for of cows entered in the initial part of the herd book, which define the minimum weight of Charolaise cows after first calving as 550 kg. The average daily weight gain of calves increased considerably in the last years of analysis. The daily body gain of purebred calves was usually higher in purebred population. The daily gains of heifers and bulls were high and usually exceeded 1000 g. For both populations growing trend of daily body gain could be observed. According to breeding standards, body weight at weaning for both heifer and bull calves were at a medium level. The average weight of bull calves was approx. 20 kg higher than the average weight of heifer calves of the same age in both purebred and crossbred populations.Pozycja Open Access The Milk Yield of Ukrainian Holstein Is Related to the Immunobiological Parameters of Blood of Calves(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Milostiviy, Roman; Antonenko, Petro; Kostyuk, Volodymyr; Vasilenko, Tatyana; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Dnepropetrovsk State University of Agriculture and Economics, Dnipro, Ukraine 1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Dnepropetrovsk State University of Agriculture and Economics, Dnipro, Ukraine 1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Dnepropetrovsk State University of Agriculture and Economics, Dnipro, Ukraine 1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Dnepropetrovsk State University of Agriculture and Economics, Dnipro, Ukraine 1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandDecrease in productive longevity of dairy cows in conditions of industrial dairy complexes causes another problem, which is connected with the timely replenishment of the herd with calves for replacement. Therefore, the cultivation of heifers has very great impact. Much attention is focused on early prediction of the future calves productivity for obtaining highly productive cows. At the same time, the growth rates and development in ontogenesis are studied very often, but blood values are rarely evaluated. In the literature available to us, there is little information about the relationship between calves' humoral and cellular immunity values with the future productivity of the cow. These indicators are traditionally used to characterize the immunobiological reactivity of an organism and the calves' health, and there is practically no information on their relationship to the productive longevity of a dairy cow. This is partly due to the difficulties associated with the duration of the research, since the cow must complete its productive life. A positive and reliable relationship is established between the immunobiological characteristics of calves' blood and their lifelong milk yield when they become a cow. The greatest correlation was noted between the milk productivity's indicators and bactericidal activity of blood serum (r = 0.63–0.69, P < 0.05). The relationship between cellular factors of body defense (phagocytic activity of neutrophils) and the immunoglobulins content of classes G and M with signs of milk productivity was less dense. It was, respectively, r = 0.31–0.41 and r = 0.58–0.63 (P < 0.05). This makes it possible to conclude that the studies conducted in this direction are promising, and assessing calves' immune status for predicting the yield of cow milk. The results obtained by us require further confirmation in a more significant number of animals.Pozycja Open Access Assessment of Solar Radiation in the Region of Lake Miedwie for Recreational Purposes(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Kozmiński, Czesław; Michalska, Bożena; Department of Tourism, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the paper is the assessment of the amount and variability of sums of global solar radiation, diffuse radiation and direct radiation in the area of Lake Miedwie and the resulting conditions for recreation. For this purpose, the study was based on hourly and 24-hour period measurements of the aforementioned types of radiation obtained from the Agrometeorological Station in Lipnik in the vicinity of Stargard in the period 2008–2017 – the measurements were taken using Delta T BF3 Sunshine Sensors. The temporal distribution of global, diffuse and direct radiation was determined according to hours, days, months, seasons and years with average and extreme values as well as coefficient of variation (W%). The percentage share of sums of diffuse and direct radiation in global solar radiation was calculated and, on the basis of skin erythema dose (SED), safe tanning time for people with blond, chestnut and dark hair was identified for a given day during the warm half-year in the region of Lake Miedwie. There is a high temporal variability and uneven distribution of the types of radiation observed from month to month as well as from year to year. Moreover, the predominance of direct radiation in spring, as compared with autumn, is more than two-fold and more than 18 times greater in summer than in winter. The course of annual radiation is characterised by the occurrence of several days-long periods of increased or reduced radiation sum. From the last days of March to the first decade of August, mean daily global solar radiation sums is above 4000 W · m–2, and from mid-April to the first days of August it exceeds 5000 W · m–2. From May to August the intensity of direct solar radiation around the noon on sunny days can be onerous and, with increasing sunbathing time, even hazardous to health.Pozycja Open Access Selected Training Systems for Various Types of Working Dogs(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Horoszewicz, Elżbieta; Iwaniuk, Marta; Niedziółka, Roman; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandThe aim of the study was to characterize the basic training systems for the main types of working dogs used in Poland. The training system for each group aims to improve on the innate traits that identify the animal with the function it is to perform. A well-trained dog is focused on its handler, in whom it has complete confidence, developed through consistency and mutual respect while working together. Irrespective of the type of training conducted and the breed or working type, it is important to observe the principles of safety and welfare, and above all, to be patient and consistent in conducting exercises.Pozycja Open Access Are the Forests of the Wigry National Park Suitable for the Common Dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius?(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Misiukiewicz, Wojciech; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland; Wigry National Park, Krzywe, PolandThe research was aimed at demonstrating whether the common dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius occurs in the area of the Wigry National Park. In order to detect the presence of this species, research areas in park stands were determined, characterized by a large share of hazel Coryllus avellana in the undergrowth. Hazel nuts gnawed by the species were sought on the 30 forest research plots. Nesting tubes, placed in May, and nest boxes for birds were checked till the first days of October. In addition, the summer nests of the species were searched. During the research, 6 nests of common dormouse were found and one individual of this species was observed. The results show that, despite the fact that the common dormouse is on the list of mammalian species found in the Wigry National Park, it rarely occurs there.Pozycja Open Access Genome Comparative Studies in the Phasianidae Family. Part I. Genome Comparative Studies in the Phasianidae Family between Domestic Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) and Wild Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Morawska, Agnieszka; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, PolandIn studies aimed at understanding the genome of turkey, the great facilitation was the use of genetic sequences and markers previously used to study the chicken genome. This solution was possible due to the fact that domestic chicken and wild turkey are phylogenetically related species with a common ancestor. In numerous analyses using chicken sequence, positive results of amplification of the turkey sequence were obtained, which accelerated the recognition of the genome of this species.Pozycja Open Access Genetic Background and Effects of Excessive Iron Storage in Different Mammalian Species(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Florczuk-Kołomyja, Patrycja; Kołomyja, Paweł; Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, PolandHemochromatosis is a metabolic disease associated with excessive iron storage in the body. At present, we distinguish between 5 types of this disease that differ in their genetic background and inheritance, as well as the frequency of occurrence. Due to the possibility of fatalities, excessive iron storage is a more serious disorder than its deficiency. In this disease, iron is accumulated in the body in the form of hemosiderin, a protein complex that store iron in cells. The occurrence of this disease was observed not only in humans, but also in other animal species such as the red deer, black rhinoceros, house mouse or domestic cattle. This article is a review of the current state of knowledge about hemochromatosis in humans, normal iron metabolism, and about the occurrence of this disease in the red deer and its impact on the biology and population of this species.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of Fish Species Composition in Miazga – A Stream Blocked with a Small Dam Reservoir (Pilica River Basin, Central Poland)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Dąbrowski, Jarosław; Więcaszek, Beata; Department of Hydrobiology, Ichthyology and Biotechnology of Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Lodz, PolandA study of fish species composition was performed in the stream Miazga, blocked with a dam without a fish ladder, located in the Pilica river basin. Three sites above and two below the reservoir were selected. The presence of 13 species of fish and one species of lamprey in larval stage was found. The most abundant species were perch Perca fluviatilis, gudgeon Gobio gobio and Prussian carp Carassius gibelio. The presence of three new species of fish was noted: common brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus, eel Anguilla anguilla and orfe Leuciscus idus. The analysis of species evenness indicated that the number of species and their abundance at all research sites were close to maximum. Relatively low value of the dominance index indicated that the examined fish assemblages were not strongly dominated by a single species, which was confirmed by the diversity index. The differences in the composition of the fish fauna at sites above and below the dam reservoir were not sufficiently pronounced in the cluster analysis, however from the historical point of view, the structure of fish assemblage in the stream has changed. Shift in the fish assemblage composition may be affected to the pollution of the stream, stocking activities and escaping from the fish farms.Pozycja Open Access The National Program for the Liquidation of Pesticide Waste Landfills, Successes and Unused Opportunities – Case Study from Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Błaszak, Magdalena; Ochmian, Ireneusz; Department of Chemistry, Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department pf Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandPrevious generations (50–70’s of the last century) left behind thousands of tons of toxic agrochemical waste (produced and stored for stock). Some of them have already been liquidated, but some have remained, because the costs of liquidation are enormous. In 2011, the national program for the liquidation of pesticide waste landfills ended (pesticide burial grounds with various chemicals types, organochlorine pesticides such as DDT, lindane, toxaphene, methoxychlor, heptachlor, α-HCH, β-HCH and phosphoroorganic pesticides, carbamate insecticides, dinitrophenols, phenoxyacids). The necessity of liquidation about 240 pesticide burial grounds (approx. 20 000 Mg obsolete pesticides) located throughout the country resulted from the obligations of Poland ratifying in 2008 the provisions of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutions. The preparations and packaging were taken to the operated hazardous waste incineration plants. Debris and soil adjacent to the burial grounds were placed in hazardous waste landfills. After 6 years since the end of the national program for the decommission of burials, it is time for summarizing. Due to the fact that similar objects can be found in many countries around the world, analysis of the Polish case may be useful. The publication focuses not on the methods of utilization and statistical data, but on a critical look at the applied solutions, also presenting alternative solutions (mainly in situ and ex situ bioremediation), instead of storage.Pozycja Open Access Practical Application of Lysozyme and its Content in Chicken Egg Albumen(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Banaszewska, Dorota; Biesiada-Drzazga, Barbara; Pietranik, Piotr; Sposób, Hanna; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Health Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandThe aim of the study was to analyse the albumen of eggs of Ross 308 hens with particular focus on lysozyme and its potential applications. The research material comprised eggs from parent stock of Ross 308 meat chickens. A total of 200 eggs were assessed. Egg weight and albumen characteristics were assessed and lysozyme content in the egg white was determined. A meta-analysis showed that egg characteristics differ in hens of different genetic groups. Our research concerns meat chickens. In comparison to laying hens, eggs from these hens had a greater share of yolk and shell and a smaller share of albumen. The combined lysozyme content of both albumen fractions was about 0.3%. The eggs of laying hens can be assumed to have slightly higher lysozyme content, which may be significant in terms of the source of its acquisition for the needs of industry.