Wydanie 276(13) 2010
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Pozycja Open Access Działanie następcze wsiewek międzyplonowych i słomy jęczmienia jarego na plonowanie i elementy struktury plonu pszenżyta ozimego(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2010) Płaza, Anna; Ceglarek, Feliks; Królikowska, Milena Anna; Próchnicka, Małgorzata; Katedra Szczegółowej Uprawy Roślin, Akademia Podlaska ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 Siedlce; Katedra Szczegółowej Uprawy Roślin, Akademia Podlaska ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 Siedlce; Katedra Szczegółowej Uprawy Roślin, Akademia Podlaska ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 Siedlce; Katedra Szczegółowej Uprawy Roślin, Akademia Podlaska ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 SiedlceThe paper presents the results of researches carried out over 2002–2006 which aimed at describing the influence of the follow-up action of undersown crops and spring barley straw on yielding and structure of yield of winter triticale. Two factors were examined. I. – undersown crop: control object (without undersown crop), white clover, white clover + Italian ryegrass, birdsfood trefoil, birdsfoot trefoil + Italian ryegass. Straw: without straw, with straw. Undersown crops were sown into spring barley which was cultivated on grain. In the first year after undersown crops and straw applying the some potatoes were cultivated, in the second year winter triticale was cultivated. The results pointed that, the highest number of dry mass and macroelements undersown crops inserted to the soil which were applied with straw. The highest yield of grain was achieved from winter triticale which was cultivated in the second year after applying of legume species mixtures with straw and after Italian ryegrass applied also with straw. On objects where the highest yield of grain was achieved also the highest number of ears per, the number of grain in ear and weighet of 1000 grains were noted.Pozycja Open Access Inheritance of Fertility Restoration in Winter Triticale with Cytoplasm of Triticum Timopheevi(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2010) Góral, Halina; Stojałowski, Stefan; Tyrka, Mirosław; Wędzony, Maria; Katedra Hodowli Roślin i Nasiennictwa, Uniwersytet Rolniczy ul. Łobzowska 24, 31–140 Kraków; Zakład Genetyki, Hodowli i Biotechnologii Roślin, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Biochemii i Biotechnologii, Politechnika Rzeszowska al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35–959 Rzeszów; Instytut Fizjologii Roślin im. Franciszka Górskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk ul. Niezapominajek 21, 30–239 KrakówWe investigated inheritance of a male fertility restoration in winter triticale with the sterilising cytoplasm of T. timopheevi. Generations F1, F2, and BC1 were derived from crosses between two male sterile lines with the cytoplasm T. timopheevi and 12 restorer inbred lines of S3–S14 generations. The distribution of fertile and sterile plants in segregating progenies indicates that at least four independent nuclear genes are involved in expression of fertility restoration. Male sterility was determined by recessive genes. The simultaneous presence of at least two dominant genes in two independent loci is required for fertility restoration. The precise determination of the role of identified loci on the base of obtained phenotypic distributions is difficult due to presence of plants with intermediate fertility and variation that can not be explained by simple segregation ratios.Pozycja Open Access Reakcja siewek pszenżyta ozimego na zróżnicowane natężenie oświetlenia i podwyższone stężenie CO2(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2010) Brzóstowicz, Aleksander; Gregorczyk, Andrzej; Katedra Agronomii, Zakład Doświadczalnictwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie ul. Papieża Pawła VI 3, 71–459 Szczecin; Katedra Fizyki i Agrofizyki, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie ul. Papieża Pawła VI 3, 71–459 SzczecinBiometric measurement and index of greenness of winter triticale seedlings cv. Prado were made after 14 days of growth in controlled conditions. Two levels of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD): 400 i 800 Dmol · m–2 · s–1 were set as well as four levels of CO2 concentration: 400 (control), 800, 1200, 1600 Dmol · mol–1. Stimulating effect of higher lever of CO2 concentration on seedlings has been established (to control). Favorable impact of lighting intensity (PPFD) 800 Dmol · m–2 · s–1 and concentration of CO2 800 Dmol · mol–1 on biometric features of analyzed seedlings has been shown.Pozycja Open Access Technologia uprawy i plonowanie pszenżyta ozimego w środkowowschodniej Polsce(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2010) Wielogórska, Grażyna; Turska, Elżbieta; Starczewski, Józef; Katedra Ogólnej Uprawy Roli i Roślin, Akademia Podlaska w Siedlcach; Katedra Ogólnej Uprawy Roli i Roślin, Akademia Podlaska w Siedlcach; Katedra Ogólnej Uprawy Roli i Roślin, Akademia Podlaska w SiedlcachThe work presents data collected by means of a survey carried out in the years 1998 and 2006 – in central-eastern Poland. There was observed an increase in the share of cereals in the structure of planted crops to the level of 82.4% the increase for triticale being 27.3%. A large share of cereals in rotations deteriorated the value of the land and reduced winter triticale yields. The yields were very low (on average 3.59–3.78 t · ha–1). However, in both years they were higher than the averages for Poland, which was a result of higher (than the average for Poland) mineral fertilization applied to the land. Winter triticale yields were mainly influenced by mineral fertilization, pesticides and soil quality. Higher yields were obtained on farms where higher fertilization was applied, pesticide applications were more frequent and triticale was cultivated on higher-quality soils.Pozycja Open Access Wpływ następczy międzyplonów na plonowanie pszenżyta ozimego(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2010) Płaza, Anna; Soszyński, Jarosław; Katedra Szczegółowej Uprawy Roślin, Akademia Podlaska ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 Siedlce; Katedra Szczegółowej Uprawy Roślin, Akademia Podlaska ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 SiedlceThe paper presents the results of researches carried out over 2001–2005 which aimed at describing the sequent impact of undersown crops which were plowed down in autumn, stubble catch crops plowed down in autumn and left in the form of mulch till spring on yielding of winter triticale. The following combinations of intercrops were taken into account: control object (without intercrop), undersown crop – biomass plowed down in autumn (red clever, red clover + Italian ryegrass, Italian ryegrass), stubble catch crop – biomass plowed down in autumn (white mustard), stubble catch crop – biomass left in the form of mulch till spring (white mustard). Undersown crops were sown into spring barley which was cultivated on grain, and stubble catch crops were sown after its harvest. In the first year after catch crops applying the table potatoes were cultivated, in the second year winter triticale was cultivated. The results pointed that, catch crops with exception of red clover inserted into the soil the similar number of biomass. The highest number of nitrogen and phosphorus was supplied by red clover and by the mixtures of red clover with Italian ryegrass, the highest number of potassium was supplied by white mustard, the highest number of calcium was supplied by red clover, the mixtures of red clover with Italian ryegrass and white mustard, the highest number of magnesium was supplied by red clover. The conditions of the growing season significantly modified the yield of winter triticale. The highest grain yield and total protein from grain were achieved from the object where under the forecrop of winter triticale the mixtures of red clover with Italian ryegrass and Italian ryegrass were plowed down.Pozycja Open Access Wpływ stosowanej technologii uprawy i udziału pszenżyta ozimego w mieszankach na architekturę łanu(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2010) Starczewski, Józef; Bombik, Antoni; Czarnocki, Szymon; Katedra Doświadczalnictwa, Hodowli i Nasiennictwa Roślin Rolniczych, Akademia Podlaska ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 Siedlce; Katedra Ogólnej Uprawy Roli, Roślin i Inżynierii Rolniczej, Akademia Podlaska ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 Siedlce; Katedra Doświadczalnictwa, Hodowli i Nasiennictwa Roślin Rolniczych, Akademia Podlaska ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 SiedlceA field experiment was conducted in the years 2004–2007 at the Experimental Farm in Zawady owned by the University of Podlasie. The experiment was a split-block design. The following factors were examined in the study: triticale proportion in a mixture and cultivation system. Variance analysis associated with the design was performed and means were separated using the Tukey’s test.The studies indicated that different cultivation systems had no significant influence on canopy architecture. Triticale proved to be more competitive than wheat although, when cultivated in mixture with rye, it did not manage to outcompete wheat. The greatest number of ears was harvested from mono-cropped plots and the plots under the mixture with equal shares of triticale and wheat. The longest were the stems of plants harvested in the year 2005 and plants cultivated in two- or three-species mixtures with a 50% share of rye. The presence in mixture of much longer rye plants resulted in increased average ear length. However, the differences were significant only for mono-cropped rye; an interaction of mixture type and cultivation system was significant, too. The greatest grain number in an ear resulted from the largest spikelet number. Significantly greater was the number of grains in ears from plots under rye cultivated in mixture with triticale.Pozycja Open Access Zastosowanie metod RAPD i ISSR do oceny mieszańców pszenżyta z Aegilops crassa 4x Boiss(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2010) Grądzielewska, Agnieszka; Gruszecka, Daniela; Paczos-Grzęda, Edyta; Instytut Genetyki, Hodowli i Biotechnologii Roślin, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie; Instytut Genetyki, Hodowli i Biotechnologii Roślin, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Lublinie; Instytut Genetyki, Hodowli i Biotechnologii Roślin, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w LublinieIn the study the genetic similarity in triticale (6x) hybrids with Aegilops crassa (4x) Boiss was estimated and existence of DNA fragments of the wild species in the triticale (6x) hybrid strains background was confirmed. Seventeen RAPD and fourteen ISSR selected primers were used in analyses. A total number of 152 bands RAPD and 220 ISSR products were obtained, out of which 34% were polymorphic in the both cases. In hybrids fourteen RAPD and twenty ISSR fragments specific for Aegilops crassa (4x) Boiss were identified (9% in the both cases). Both methods allowed to confirm the hybrid character of all the strains estimated. Based on the polymorphism of RAPD and ISSR markers, the values of Dice genetic similarity indices between the pairs of genotypes studied were calculated. Mean genetic similarity between the hybrid forms and triticale parental components was the same for both methods used – 0,88. Most different from the others was the maternal species Aegilops crassa 4x Boiss. Dendrograms showing relatedness between analyzed populations were constructed based on Dice’s similarities.Pozycja Open Access Zawartość białka w ziarnie zbóż uprawianych w mieszankach z pszenżytem ozimym w zależności od stosowanej technologii uprawy(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2010) Starczewski, Józef; Bombik, Antoni; Czarnocki, Szymon; Katedra Ogólnej Uprawy Roli, Roślin i Inżynierii Rolniczej, Akademia Podlaska ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 Siedlce; Katedra Doświadczalnictwa, Hodowli i Nasiennictwa Roślin Rolniczych, Akademia Podlaska ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 Siedlce; Katedra Ogólnej Uprawy Roli, Roślin i Inżynierii Rolniczej, Akademia Podlaska ul. B. Prusa 14, 08–110 SiedlceStudies were carried out in the years 2004–2007 at the University of Podlasie Experimental Station in Zawady. The factors investigated in the study were as follows: cultivation of cereal species (winter wheat, winter triticale and rye) in pure stand and in mixtures (numbers in brackets specify grain proportions of individual species at sowing), and cultivation system. A field experiment was designed as a split plot arrangement of treatments. The results obtained were subjected to analysis of variance and mean separation was obtained by the Tukey’s test. Mono-cropped winter wheat grain was characterized by the lowest protein content. Wheat cultivated in mixtures accumulated more protein in grain, the accumulation being particularly stimulated by competition with rye. Significantly more protein was obtained in the grain of intensivelycultivated wheat. No significant differences in winter triticale grain protein content were found resulting from competition with other species. On the other hand, there was confirmed significance of weather conditions in individual growing seasons, cultivation system and an interaction between the two factors. Significantly most protein was accumulated by triticale cultivated in the third study year. Like for wheat, increased fertilization significantly influenced triticale grain protein content, too. Response of rye was similar to the response of winter triticale. No differences were observed resulting from different proportions in mixtures. Significantly more protein in grain was associated with intensive cultivation. Moreover, significantly more protein was obtained in grain in the third study year, compared with the first year. Significantly most protein was recorded in the plots where wheat was cultivated in pure stand. In all the rye treatments there was observed a tendency towards reduction in protein yield, compared with triticale treatments.