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Open Access
Bottom up approach of metal assisted electrochemical exfoliation of boron towards borophene
(Springer Nature, 2022-09-20) Sielicki, Krzysztof; Maślana, Klaudia; Chen, Xuecheng; Mijowska, Ewa; Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastow Ave. 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland
Electrochemical exfoliation of nonconductive boron to few-layered borophene is reported. This unique effect is achieved via the incorporation of bulk boron into metal mesh inducing electrical conductivity and opening a venue for borophene fabrication via this feasible strategy. The experiments were conducted in various electrolytes providing a powerful tool to fabricate borophene flakes with a thickness of ~ 3–6 nm with different phases. The mechanism of electrochemical exfoliation of boron is also revealed and discussed. Therefore, the proposed methodology can serve as a new tool for bulk scale fabrication of few-layered borophene and speed up the development of borophene-related research and its potential application.
Open Access
CO2 Adsorption Study of Potassium‐Based Activation of Carbon Spheres
(MDPI, 2022-07-05) Pełech, Iwona; Staciwa, Piotr; Sibera, Daniel; Pełech, Robert; Sobczuk, Konrad S.; Kayalar, Gulsen Yagmur; Narkiewicz, Urszula; Cormia, Robert; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej; Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej; Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej; Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej; Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej; Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, 26555 Eskişehir, Turkey; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej; Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Chemistry Faculty, Chemistry Department, Foothill College
The adsorption properties of microporous spherical carbon materials obtained from the resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, treated in a solvothermal reactor heated with microwaves and then subjected to carbonization, are presented. The potassium-based activation of carbon spheres was carried out in two ways: solution-based and solid-based methods. The effect of various factors, such as chemical agent selection, chemical activating agent content, and the temperature or time of activation, was investigated. The influence of microwave treatment on the adsorption properties was also investigated and described. The adsorption performance of carbon spheres was evaluated in detail by examining CO2 adsorption from the gas phase.
Open Access
CO2 Reduction to Valuable Chemicals on TiO2-Carbon Photocatalysts Deposited on Silica Cloth
(MDPI, 2021-12-28) Morawski, Antoni Waldemar; Ćmielewska, Katarzyna; Witkowski, Kordian; Kusiak-Nejman, Ewelina; Pełech, Iwona; Staciwa, Piotr; Ekiert, Ewa; Sibera, Daniel; Wanag, Agnieszka; Gano, Marcin; Narkiewicz, Urszula
A new photocatalyst for CO2 reduction has been presented. The photocatalyst was prepared from a combination of a commercial P25 with a mesopore structure and carbon spheres with a microporous structure with high CO2 adsorption capacity. Then, the obtained hybrid TiO2-carbon sphere photocatalysts were deposited on a glass fiber fabric. The combined TiO2-carbon spheres/silica cloth photocatalysts showed higher efficiency in the two-electron CO2 reduction towards CO than in the eight-electron reaction to methane. The 0.5 g graphitic carbon spheres combined with 1 g of TiO2 P25 resulted in almost 100% selectivity to CO. From a practical point of view, this is promising as it economically eliminates the need to separate CO from the gas mixture after the reaction, which also contains CH4 and H2.
Open Access
CO2 Reduction to Valuable Chemicals on TiO2-Carbon Photocatalysts Deposited on Silica Cloth
(MDPI, 2021-12-28) Morawski, Antoni W.; Cmielewska, Katarzyna; Witkowski, Kordian; Kusiak-Nejman, Ewelina; Pelech, Iwona; Staciwa, Piotr; Ekiert, Ewa; Sibera, Daniel; Wanag, Agnieszka; Gano, Marcin; Narkiewicz, Urszula; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
A new photocatalyst for CO2 reduction has been presented. The photocatalyst was prepared from a combination of a commercial P25 with a mesopore structure and carbon spheres with a microporous structure with high CO2 adsorption capacity. Then, the obtained hybrid TiO2-carbon sphere photocatalysts were deposited on a glass fiber fabric. The combined TiO2-carbon spheres/silica cloth photocatalysts showed higher efficiency in the two-electron CO2 reduction towards CO than in the eight-electron reaction to methane. The 0.5 g graphitic carbon spheres combined with 1 g of TiO2 P25 resulted in almost 100% selectivity to CO. From a practical point of view, this is promising as it economically eliminates the need to separate CO from the gas mixture after the reaction, which also contains CH4 and H-2.
Open Access
CO2 Sorbents Based on Spherical Carbon and Photoactive Metal Oxides: Insight into Adsorption Capacity, Selectivity and Regenerability
(MDPI, 2022-10-11) Pełech, Iwona; Kusiak-Nejman, Ewelina; Staciwa, Piotr; Sibera, Daniel; Kapica‐Kozar, Joanna; Wanag, Agnieszka; Latzke, Filip; Pawłowska, Karolina; Michalska, Adrianna; Narkiewicz, Urszula; Morawski, Antoni W.
Open Access
CO2 Sorbents Based on Spherical Carbon and Photoactive Metal Oxides: Insight into Adsorption Capacity, Selectivity and Regenerability
(MDPI, 2022-10-11) Pelech, Iwona; Kusiak-Nejman, Ewelina; Staciwa, Piotr; Sibera, Daniel; Kapica-Kozar, Joanna; Wanag, Agnieszka; Latzke, Filip; Pawlowska, Karolina; Michalska, Adrianna; Narkiewicz, Urszula; Morawski, Antoni W.; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
This work aimed to obtain hybrid composites based on photoactive metal oxide and carbon having adsorption properties. The materials, composed of titanium dioxide or zinc oxide and spherical carbon, were obtained from resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, treated in a solvothermal reactor heated with microwaves and then subjected to carbonization, were received. The functional groups of pure carbon spheres (unsaturated stretching C=C, stretching C-OH and C-H bending vibrations), CS/ZnO and CS/TiO2 samples were determined by FT-IR analysis. The characteristic bands for ZnO and TiO2 were observed below 1000 cm(-1). The thermal oxidative properties are similar for TiO2- and ZnO-modified carbon spheres. We have observed that the increased carbon sphere content in nanocomposites results in starting the decomposition process at a lower temperature, therefore, nanocomposites have a broader combustion temperature range. The effect of the oxides' addition to carbon spheres on their adsorption properties was evaluated in detail by examining CO2 adsorption from the gas phase. The selectivity of CO2 over N-2 at a temperature of 25 degrees C and pressure of 1 bar (a novelty in testing CS-based sorbents) calculated for 3.00 CS/TiO2 and 4.00 CS/ZnO was 15.09 and 16.95, respectively. These nanocomposites exhibit excellent cyclic stability checked over 10 consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles.
Open Access
DC magnetization of titania supported on reduced graphene oxide flakes
(De Gruyter, 2021-10-19) Guskos, Nikos; Zolnierkiewicz, Grzegorz; Guskos, Aleksander; Aidinis, Konstantinos; Glenis, Spiros; Wanag, Agnieszka; Kusiak-Nejman, Ewelina; Narkiewicz, Urszula; Morawski, Antoni W.; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
DC magnetization of a series of titania nano-composites modified with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been investigated. Hysteresis loops observed at room temperature disappeared at low temperatures. At a temperature of about 100 K, a phase transition to the super-ferromagnetic order state was observed, probably due to the linear expansion and self-reorientation of the magnetic moments. Processes associated with magnetic moment reorientation can cause a hysteresis loop to disappear at low temperatures as well as superferromagnetic ordering. It was suggested that the isolated nanoparticle in the nanopore could be used to create a "compass" at a nanometer-sized level that would be many times more sensitive than the conventional one. Measurements of the zero-field cooling and field cooling modes do not exclude the possibility of the coexistence of a superparamagnetic state.
Open Access
DFT Calculation of Carbon-Doped TiO2 Nanocomposites
(MDPI, 2023-09-07) Gustavsen, Kim Robert; Feng, Tao; Huang, Hao; Li, Gang; Narkiewicz, Urszula; Wang, Kaiying; Department of Microsystems, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3184 Horten, Norway; Institute of Energy Innovation, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej. Katedra Technologii Chemicznej Nieorganicznej i Inżynierii Środowiska
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been proven to be an excellent material for mitigating the continuous impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentrations. Carbon doping has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance the CO2 reduction performance of TiO2 . In this study, we investigated the effects of carbon doping on TiO2 using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Two carbon doping concentrations were considered (4% and 6%), denoted as TiO2 -2C and TiO2 -3C, respectively. The results showed that after carbon doping, the band gaps of TiO2 -2C and TiO2-3C were reduced to 1.58 eV and 1.47 eV, respectively, which is lower than the band gap of pure TiO2 (2.13 eV). This indicates an effective improvement in the electronic structure of TiO2. Barrier energy calculations revealed that compared to pure TiO2 (0.65 eV), TiO2 -2C (0.54 eV) and TiO2 -3C (0.59 eV) exhibited lower energy barriers, facilitating the transition to *COOH intermediates. These findings provide valuable insights into the electronic structure changes induced by carbon doping in TiO2, which can contribute to the development of sustainable energy and environmental conservation measures to address global climate challenges..
Open Access
E-Beam Effects on Poly(Xylitol Dicarboxylate-co-diol Dicarboxylate) Elastomers Tailored by Adjusting Monomer Chain Length
(MDPI, 2021-04-02) Piątek-Hnat, Marta; Bomba, Kuba; Kowalski-Stankiewicz, Janusz P.; Pęksiński, Jakub; Kozłowska, Agnieszka; Sośnicki, Jacek G.; Idzik, Tomasz J.; Schmidt, Beata; Kowalczyk, Krzysztof; Walo, Marta; Mikołajczak, Grzegorz; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology,Warszawa; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
Poly(xylitol dicarboxylate-co-diol dicarboxylate) elastomers can by synthesized using wide variety of monomers with different chain lengths. Obtained materials are all biodegradable, thermally stable elastomers, but their specific properties like glass transition temperature, degradation susceptibility, and mechanical moduli can be tailored for a specific application. Therefore, we synthesized eight elastomers using a combination of two dicarboxylic acids, namely suberic and sebacic acid, and four different diols, namely ethanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-buanediol, and 1,5- pentanediol. Materials were further modified by e-beam treatment with a dose of 100 kGy. Materials both before and after radiation modification were tested using tensile tests, gel fraction determination, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Thermal properties were tested by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Thermomechanical Analysis (DMTA) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Degradation susceptibility to both enzymatic and hydrolytic degradation was also determined.
Open Access
Effect of E-Beam Irradiation on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Ester Elastomers Containing Multifunctional Alcohols
(MDPI, 2020-05-02) Piątek-Hnat, Marta; Bomba, Kuba; Pęksiński, Jakub; Kozłowska Agnieszka; Sośnicki, Jacek G.; Idzik, Tomasz J.; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The aim of this work was to investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of novel, electron beam-modified ester elastomers containing multifunctional alcohols. Polymers tested in this work consist of two blocks: sebacic acid–butylene glycol block and sebacic acid–sugar alcohol block. Di erent sugar alcohols were utilized in the polymer synthesis: glycerol, sorbitol, xylitol, erythritol, and mannitol. The polymers have undergone an irradiation procedure. The materials were irradiated with doses of 50 kGy, 100 kGy, and 150 kGy. The expected e ect of using ionizing radiation was crosslinking process and improvement of the mechanical properties. Additionally, a beneficial side e ect of the irradiation process is sterilization of the a ected materials. It is also worth noting that the materials described in this paper do not require either sensitizers or cross-linking agent in order to perform radiation modification. Radiation-modified poly(polyol sebacate-co-butylene sebacate) elastomers have been characterized in respect to the mechanical properties (quasi-static tensile tests), cross-link density, thermal properties (Di erential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)), chemical properties: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and wettability (water contact angle). Poly(polyol sebacate-co-butylene sebacate) preopolymers were characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HNMRand 13C NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Thermal stability of cross-linked materials (directly after synthesis process) was tested with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Embargo
Effect of microwave assisted solvothermal process parameters on carbon dioxide adsorption properties of microporous carbon materials
(Elsevier, 2020-08-02) Staciwa, Piotr; Sibera, Daniel; Pełech, Iwona; Narkiewicz, Urszula; Lojkowski, Witold; Dąbrowska, Sylwia; Cormia, Robert; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej; Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej; Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej; Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej; Department of Chemical and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin; Instytut Wysokich Ciśnień Polskiej Akademii Nauk; Institute of High Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Science; Politechnika Warszawska. Wydział Inżynierii Materiałowej; Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology; Chemistry Faculty, Chemistry Department, Foothill College
In this work, production and characterization of carbon spheres from resorcinol and formaldehyde, using a microwave assisted solvothermal reactor, is presented. The influence of different experimental conditions, e.g., reaction time, pressure, and power, on the structure of the obtained materials, and carbon dioxide adsorption properties, was studied. Using the method described in this work, it is possible to significantly reduce the reaction time, to as low as 10 min, compared with widely described processes carried out in autoclaves, requiring several hours. Simultaneously, it was discovered that the application of higher reactor pressures, over 3 MPa, resulted in the destruction of spherical shape and the formation of graphitic layers. The importance of micropores below 0.4 nm, for adsorption of carbon dioxide, was also shown in this work. Microporous carbon spheres with efficient CO2 adsorption properties (nearly 7 mmol/g at 1 bar and 0 ◦C) were synthesized using this process.
Open Access
The effect of water activity and temperature on the growth and lipolytic activity of Penicillium chrysogenum (Thom) and Eurotium herbariorum (Wigg.) strains
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Janda, Katarzyna; Markowska-Szczupak, Agata; Ulfig, Krzysztof; Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin; Institute of Inorganic Technology and Environment Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; School of Public Health, Medical University of Silesia, Bytom
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of water activity (aw) and temperature on the growth and tributyrin hydrolysis of Penicillium chrysogenum and Eurotium herbariorum strains isolated from rape, soya-bean and sunflower seeds. The study demonstrated differences in daily growth rates, tributyrin hydrolysis zones and tributyrin hydrolysis indices in different strains of the same species; depending on the seeds they had been isolated from. E. herbariorum strains, unlike P. chrysogenum strains, did not grow on tributyrin at 15°C and 0.850 aw. No hydrolysis zones of oil substrate were found under these conditions. E. herbariorum and P. chrysogenum showed marked differences in their tributyrin hydrolysis indices. For P. chrysogenum strains somewhat higher values were recorded for cultures at 15°C. However, the highest indices of tributyrin hydrolysis at 15°C and 25°C were recorded at the lowest level of aw 0.850.
Open Access
Effective green ammonia synthesis from gaseous nitrogen and CO2 saturated-water vapour utilizing a novel photocatalytic reactor
(ScienceDirect, 2022-10-15) Morawski, Antoni Waldemar; Ćmielewska, Katarzyna; Ekiert, Ewa; Kusiak‐Nejman, Ewelina; Pełech, Iwona; Staciwa, Piotr; Sibera, Daniel; Wanag, Agnieszka; Kapica‐Kozar, Joanna; Gano, Marcin; Lendzion-Bieluń, Zofia; Narkiewicz, Urszula
The ammonia synthesis from nitrogen and hydrogen derived from water vapor in the photocatalytic process performed under mild conditions is presented. A new solution of a gas-phase photocatalytic reactor with the bed in the form of a UV transparent glass fiber cloth coated with AEROXIDE® P25 TiO2 was applied. The bed in the reactor is located just above the water surface. The gases circulate from above towards the water surface, where the produced ammonia is easily absorbed and continuously separated from the gas phase, shifting the ammonia synthesis equilibrium towards the product. The highest amount of ammonia (about 1.3 mmol NH4+/g TiO2 after 6 h) was obtained at 20 °C, and with the use of the gaseous mixture containing CO2 (15%), N2 (85%), and water vapour derived from water located at the bottom of the reactor. Carbon dioxide in the reaction environment is simultaneously reduced to carbon monoxide and methane.
Open Access
The effects nano-silver on contamination of spring barley ‘Eunova’ in vitro
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Krupa-Małkiewicz, Marcelina; Ochmian, Ireneusz; Mijowska, Kamila; Cendrowski, Krzysztof; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Horticulture, West Pomerania University of Technology, Szczecin,; Nanomaterials Physicochemistry Department, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
One of the available methods to control in vitro contaminations is nano-silver. Nanosilver is a non-toxic material which shows high capabilities in eliminating microorganisms, e.g., bacteria, viruses or fungus. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential of nano- -silver particles on decontamination, growth parameters (plant length, root length) and leaves colour of spring barley ‘Eunova’ in in vitro culture. Plant material consisted of embryos of barley which were placed on MS medium supplemented with 4.0 and 6.0 0 mg ・ dm–3 of nano-silver or submerged in 50 or 100 0 mg ・ dm–3 of nano-silver for 2 or 4 h. The control consisted of embryos treated with 70% alcohol. After 28 days it was observed, that both of the disinfection methods, operating time as well as concentrations of nano-silver, had an influence on a number of contaminations, shoot and root length and colour of the barley leaves. The smallest efficiency (100% contaminations) was found after embryos submerged in 50 mg dm-3 of nano-silver for 2 h. On the other hand, the best disinfection efficiency (0% infection) was obtained when 4.0 0 mg ・ dm–3 nano-silver was added to MS medium. Barley embryos soaked in 100 mg ・ dm–3 in nano-silver solution and grown on MS media with addition of nano-silver independent of their concentration showed similar disinfection effectiveness.
Open Access
Facile synthesis of accordion-like porous carbon from waste PET bottles-based MIL-53(Al) and its application for high-performance Zn-ion capacitor
(KeAi Chinese Roots Global Impact, 2023) Li, Jiaxin; Zhang, Shuai; Hua, Yumeng; Lin, Yichao; Wen, Xin; Mijowska, Ewa; Tang, Tao; Chen, Xuecheng; Ruoff, Rodney; Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065, Szczecin, Poland; Key State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China; School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China; Institute of Advanced Electrical Materials, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China; Institute for Basic Science Center for Multiple Dimensional Carbon Materials, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej
It is of great scientific and economic value to recycle waste poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into high-value PET-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and further convert it into porous carbon for green energy storage applications. In the present study, a facile and cost-effective hydrothermal process was developed to direct recycle waste PET bottles into MIL-53(Al) with a 100% conversation, then the MOF-derived porous carbon was assembled into electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. The results indicated that the as-synthesized carbon exhibited high SSA of 1712 m2 g−1 and unique accordion-like structure with hierarchical porosity. Benefit to these advantageous characters, the assembled three-electrode supercapacitor displayed high specific capacitances of 391 F g−1 at the current density of 0.5 A g−1 and good rate capability of 73.6% capacitance retention at 20 A g−1 in 6M KOH electrolyte. Furthermore, the assembled zinc ion capacitor still revealed outstanding capacitance of 335 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, excellent cycling stability of 92.2% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles and ultra-high energy density of 150.3 Wh kg−1 at power density of 90 W kg−1 in 3M ZnSO4 electrolyte. It is believed that the current work provides a facile and effective strategy to recycle PET waste into high-valuable MOF, and further expands the applications of MOF-derived carbons for high-performance energy storage devices, so it is conducive to both pollution alleviation and sustainable economic development.
Open Access
Influence of distillation apparatus and distillation time on the yield and chemical composition of winter savory essential oil
(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Wesołowska, Aneta; Grzeszczuk, Monika; Jadczak, Dorota; Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The aim of the studies conducted in 2014–2015 was to determine the influence of distillation apparatus as well as distillation time on the yield and chemical composition of winter savory (Satureja montana L.) essential oil. Isolation of the essential oil from S. montana herb, collected during flowering period, was carried out using two different distillation apparatuses: Deryng and Clevenger. Moreover, different distillation times (2, 3 and 4 hours) were also applied. The obtained essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis resulted in the identification of 47 compounds in the essential oils obtained in Deryng and Clevenger apparatus, respectively. Carvacrol (54.44–68.53%) was the major constituent of all S. montana oil samples. Other important compounds were: γ-terpinene (5.21–8.67%), p-cymene (4.40–9.53%), α-terpinene (1.20–2.04%) and β-caryophyllene (4.58–5.77%). On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the time of distillation of S. montana herb in Deryng apparatus had no significant effect on its content. However, the amount of volatile oil obtained in Clevenger apparatus was significantly influenced by distillation time. Moreover, there was no significant effect of the distillation time on the amount of the main essential oil constituents obtained with both types of apparatuses. However, there was a significant interaction found between the constituent and the distillation time.
Open Access
Influence of e-beam irradiation on the physicochemical properties of poly(polyol succinate-co-butylene succinate) ester elastomers
(2020-07-17) Piątek-Hnat, Marta; Bomba, Kuba; Pęksiński, Jakub; Kozłowska, Agnieszka; Sośnicki, Jacek G.; Idzik, Tomasz J.; Piwowarska, Danuta; Janik, Jolanta; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
The purpose of this research was synthesis and electron beam modification of novel ester elastomers consisting of sugar alcohol–succinic acid block and butylene glycol–succinic acid block. Four di erent alditols were used in the synthesis—sorbitol, erythritol, xylitol, and glycerol. The materials were irradiated with doses of 50, 100, and 150 kGy in order to determine which dose is the most beneficial. As expected, irradiation of the materials has led to the cross-link density becoming higher and improvement of the mechanical properties. Additionally, the materials were also sterilized in the process. The great advantage of elastomers described in the paper is the fact that they do not need chemical cross-linking agents or sensitizers in order to undergo radiation modification. The following tests were performed on cross-linked poly(polyol succinate-co-butylene succinate) elastomers: quasi-static tensile test, determination of cross-link density, di erential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMTA), wettability (water contact angle), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). In order to confirm successful synthesis, prepolymers were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR and 13C NMR).
Open Access
The influence of of cross-linking process on the physicochemical properties of new copolyesters containing xylitol
(Elsevier, 2020-03-01) Piątek-Hnat, Marta; Bomba, Kuba; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science; West Pomeranian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Department of Polymer and Biomaterials Science
The goal of this research was developing biodegradable and biocompatibile xylitol-based copolymers with im proved mechanical properties, and investigating the change in their thermal and chemical properties with progress of the cross-linking process. Using a raw material of natural origin such as xylitol, a prepolymer was obtained by esterification and polycondensation. Then, at subsequent stages of the crosslinking process in a vacuum dryer, samples of materials were taken to determine the progress of the process using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The method of differential scanning calorimetry also defined changes in the ranges of phase changes occurring at each stage of the crosslinking process. After the crosslinking process, ester materials based on sebacic and succinic acid were characterized in terms of mechanical and surface properties.
Open Access
Influence of Potassium-Based Activation on Adsorptive Properties of Carbon SpheresModified with Iron(III) Citrate
(MDPI, 2023-07-25) Pełech, Iwona; Sibera, Daniel; Staciwa, Piotr; Sobczuk, Konrad S.; Narkiewicz, Urszula; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environmental Engineering, 70-322 Szczecin, ul Pułaskiego 10, Poland; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej. Katedra Technologii Chemicznej Nieorganicznej i Inżynierii Środowiska.; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Budownictwa i Inżynierii Środowiska.
Composites synthesized from iron(III) citrate and carbon spheres, and activated with potassium compounds were prepared and then characterized using XRD, SEM, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption methods. The adsorption properties of the composites toward carbon dioxide were assessed using CO2 uptake measurement, as well as by measuring their selectivity toward carbon dioxide, given their further application as photocatalysts for the reduction of this gas. The effect of changing preparation conditions on the structural and adsorption properties of the material was assessed. The potential strength of such material is a synergistic effect between the high adsorption capacity related to the microporosity of carbon spheres combined with the catalytic properties of iron particles.
Open Access
The influence of the addition of carbon spheres on photoactivity of TiO2 and ZnO in CO2 reduction process
(Elsevier, 2023-09-09) Morawski, Antoni W.; Ćmielewska, Katarzyna; Kusiak-Nejman, Ewelina; Staciwa, Piotr; Kapica-Kozar, Joanna; Ekiert, Ewa; Pełech, Iwona; Narkiewicz, Urszula; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej. Katedra Technologii Chemicznej Nieorganicznej i Inżynierii Środowiska; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering. Department of Inorganic Chemical Technology and Environment Engineering
The development of an effective photocatalyst for CO2 reduction is currently being addressed by many scientists. This study concerns the influence of the addition of carbon spheres (CS) on photoactivity of TiO2 and ZnO. The photocatalysts were tested in a liquid phase system in an alkaline environment. The suspensions of the tested materials were irradiated with UV–Vis light for 6 h. Then, the amount of the obtained products in the gas phase was analysed by gas chromatography. The identified products of CO2 photoreduction were hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane. Based on the results, it was found that CS/TiO2 and CS/ZnO showed similar activity in carbon dioxide reduction processes, however, more product amounts were obtained in experiments with the use of CS/TiO2 materials. The addition of carbon spheres to titanium dioxide improved its activity in carbon monoxide production. The maximum photoactivity of CS/TiO2 was observed for the addition of 0.1 g of CS. On the other hand, in the case of CS/ZnO materials, carbon spheres did not positively affect their performance. Nevertheless, their activity increased with the CS amount.

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