Przeglądaj wg Autor "Kutyna, Ignacy"

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    Charakterystyka przyrodnicza obszaru byłej Akademii Rolniczej w Szczecinie położonego przy ulicach J. Słowackiego i Papieża Pawła VI oraz informacje o celu i metodach badań roślinności na tym obszarze
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2009) Kutyna, Ignacy; Nieczkowska, Małgorzata; Zakład Ekologii, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Ekologii, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    The town is an area differentiated ecologically both in respect of biotope and biocenosis. The area of the former University of Agriculture situated in Słowackiego and Papieża Pawła VI streets is a specific ecological system. It has peculiar features of urban environment such as much warmer and drier microclimate, and the soils are significantly converted. The aim of numerous studies is to determine plant communities and make an inventory of the dendroflora and bryoflora in this area. For this purpose, 213 phytosociological records were taken in 2006 and 2007 and dendroflora and bryoflora were determined. The results of the studies will be presented in several publications. In the examined area 39 comprehensive samples of soil were taken from the depth of 0–25 cm. Their pH, the content of CaCO3 and their granulometric composition were determined. The characteristic features of most soils are alkaline reaction and a differentiated content of CaCO3. In the surface layer of a soil, light loamy sands, heavy loamy sand and light loam dominate. They contain a significant amount of soil skeleton (remains of building work). The investigated area is "an island of heat", as it is sheltered from all directions by dense afforestation and buildings. These microclimatic conditions are favourable to the development of thermophilous plant communities.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Dendroflora i brioflora na obszarze byłej Akademii Rolniczej w Szczecinie przy ulicach J. Słowackiego i Papieża Pawła VI
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2009) Kutyna, Ignacy; Nieczkowska, Małgorzata; Zakład Ekologii, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Ekologii, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    In the area the following items of species were recorded: 100 species of dendroflora, including 45 species of trees, 5 shrubs and 4 climbing plants. The distribution of all the taxa is illustrated in diagram 1, and their characteristics and the description of biotope (mainly soil conditions) are shown in Table 1. Scarcely found in the area of Szczecin, but occurring in the investigated area are the following species: dawn redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), Chinese witch hazel (Hamamelis mollis) and Daniella evodia (Euodia daniellii = Tetradium daniellii). Eucomia elm (Eucommia ulmoides) is the only specimen in Szczecin and it is located in the examined area in an inner road that runs between Słowackiego Street and the university car park. In this area there have also been found three sites of protected evergreen climbing English ivy (Hedera helix). Common horse chestnut population is numerous (10 individuals). For several years it has been attacked by horse chestnut leaf miner (Cameraria ohridella). Bryoflora is not very numerous – only 9 taxa of Bryophyta found in different habitats have been recorded.
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    Fitocenozy leśne występujące na parkingach przydrożnych i w ich sąsiedztwie w Puszczy Wkrzańskiej i Bukowej
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2010) Kutyna, Ignacy; Juchniewicz, Iwona; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Fizjologii Roślin, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    The description of the forest phytocenoses was based on 69 phytosociological records taken in the areas of coniferous habitats and forest habitats. They were taken deep in the forest situated about 80 to 100 m from the car park (typical forest communities) and in the area of 1 to 10 m in width, adjacent to the car park (ecotone zone). The phytosociological records were also taken in the area of mid forest car parks. The aim of the studies is to determine types of communities and their structure (floristic composition, phytosociological stability (S) and cover coefficients (D) of species). Deep in the forest, in coniferous habitats (mainly in the mixed fresh forest) dominant are the patches of Leucobyro-Pinetum association, of Pomeranian-Silesian variety with a distinguishing taxon Deschampsia flexuosa. In the habitats of the mixed fresh forest the most numerous are the phytocenoses of the birch-oak forest (Betulo pendulae-Quercetum roboris), and as to the fresh forest, the most numerous is the community of fertile beech forest of Pomeranian type (Galio odorati-Fagetum). Communities within the ecotone zone are charecterised by partial rebuilding of the structure. The same communities as those in the ecotone zone are found deep in the forest, but there are more species of seminatural and synanthropic communities. Phytocenoses in car parks have a completely different structure. In the fresh coniferous habitats and in the mixed fresh coniferous habitats, patches of Sieglingio-Agrostietum alliance are observed, a part of which was classified as suballiance S.-A. poëtosum annuae. In fertile forest habitats, dominant are mainly patches of carpet community Lolio-Polygonetum arenastri, with a considerable contribution of the communities of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, Artemisietea and Stellarietea mediae classes. It was also observed that the forest communities within the forest habitats are poorer floristically in comparison with phytocenoses of forest habitats. The richest floristically communities are the ones within the zone in which a car park is adjacent to the forest.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    The Influence of Differentiated Natural and Agrotechnical Ecological Conditions on the Number of Species in Segetal Communities and Their Mean Number in the Phytosociological Relevé
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2014) Kutyna, Ignacy; Młynkowiak, Elżbieta; Department of Ecology, Envinronmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ecology, Envinronmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    O zróżnicowaniu florystycznym zbiorowisk segetalnych i liczbie gatunków w zbiorowiskach segetalnych oraz ich liczbie w zdjęciu fitosocjologicznym decyduje wiele naturalnych czynników przyrodniczych oraz agrotechnicznych. Istotnym naturalnym czynnikiem są warunki glebowe. Wraz ze wzrostem troficzności gleby i jej uwilgotnienia liczba gatunków się zwiększa. W wariancie typowym Arnoserido-Scleranthetum i Papaveretum argemones liczba gatunków jest najmniejsza – waha się od 37 do 62. Znacznie więcej (od 56 do 79) jest ich w wariancie z Juncus bufonius obu zespołów na glebach okresowo nadmiernie uwilgotnionych. Również średnia ich liczba w zdjęciu fitosocjologicznym kształtuje się podobnie. W wariancie typowym obu zespołów średnia wartość waha się od 16 do 25. Na glebach żyźniejszych o odczynie zasadowym, wytworzonych z glin i utworów pyłowych, liczba taksonów w Aphano- -Matricarietum i Lathyro-Melandrietum jest znacznie większa – waha się od 76 do 89. W wariancie typowym Aphano-Matricarietum jest ich trochę mniej, w porównaniu z wariantem z Mentha arvensis. Liczba gatunków w wariancie typowym kształtuje się odpowiednio w zakresie od 77 do 84, a wariancie z Mentha arvensis – od 86 do 87. Podobne zależności występują w przypadku średniej liczby gatunków w zdjęciu. Płaty zbiorowisk Aphano- -Matricarietum są bogate florystycznie. Średnia liczba gatunków w zdjęciu jest znaczna – wynosi w przypadku wariantu typowego 27, a zdecydowanie większa jest w przypadku płatów wariantu z Mentha arvensis – waha się od 33 do 36. Zbliżone relacje między glebą a liczbą gatunków w zbiorowisku i ich średnią w zdjęciach fitosocjologicznych występują także w obrębie agrofitocenoz upraw okopowych. Najuboższe florystycznie jest Digitarietum ischaemi, znacznie bogatsze Echinochloo-Setarietum, a najbogatsze są fitocenozy Galinsogo-Setarietum, Lamio- -Veronicetum politae i Oxalido-Chenopodietum polyspermi. O liczbie gatunków decyduje także rzeźba terenu. Zbiorowiska występujące w obniżeniu charakteryzują się większą liczbą gatunków i średnią ich liczbą w zdjęciu niż zbiorowiska zasiedlające zbocza i wierzchowiny. Na liczbę gatunków w zbiorowisku istotny wpływ wywiera działalność agrotechniczna. Zbiorowiska segetalne w uprawach ekologicznych są znacznie bogatsze florystycznie (liczba gatunków waha się od 32 do 58), w porównaniu z uprawami intensywnymi konwencjonalnymi, w których jest ich znacznie mniej – od 13 do 24. Podobne są relacje w przypadku średniej liczby gatunków w zdjęciu. Istotnym czynnikiem agrotechnicznym, decydującym o liczbie gatunków, jest nawożenie mineralne, organiczne oraz wapnowanie. Gnojowica ogranicza liczbę gatunków w zbiorowiskach; więcej występuje ich na poletkach wapnowanych i nawożonych obornikiem.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Inuletum Ensifoliae Kozł. 1925 w obrębie opuszczonego kamieniołomu „Piotrawin”, położonego na krawędzi Wisły
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Fizjologii Roślin, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    Xerothermic grasslands found in Poland are precious phytocenoses increasing biodiversity. They are generally settled on small surfaces, mainly on strongly insolated (southern, south western and south eastern exposure), i.e. on dry and warm slopes. They are also found on slopes of completely exploited quarries. Limestone substrata (including Seon marls) are optimum settlements for the development of grassland communities including the floral association of Inuletum ensifoliae. The studies were carried out on two terraces of unused quarry "Piotrawin" during the years 2001 and 2011. The quarry was reclaimed by technical and biological methods in 1995 and 1996. On the slopes two terraces were formed on which a series of xerothermic grasslands species were introduced (including Linum flavum, Inula ensifolia). In both years the terraces were settled by phytocenoses of the Inuletum ensifoliae association. Characteristic and distinguishing species of the Festuco-Brometea (34 taxa) classes are dominant in them. Patches of the community are settled by such species of ruderal (Artemisietea vulgaris) and seminatural (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea) communities. In the structure of the association of 2011 the contribution of species of these phytosociological classes decreased significantly. Reduced were also the species of segetal communities (Stellarietea mediae class), whereas slightly more species of scrub communities (Rhamno-Prunetea class) were observed in the association. In 2011 the cover of a series of species of the Festuco- -Brometea class: Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. polyphylla, Sanguisorba minor, Medicago falcata, Salvia verticillata, Euphorbia cyparissias, Thymus pulegioides and others inceased distinctly. After 10 years a series of species that were introduced during biological land reclamation are not found in the community. As far as shrubs are concerned, Cornus sanguinea were not found, and as regards herbage, Adonis vernalis, Stipa capillata and Aster amellus did not occur. The remaining species introduced during land reclamation settled in the phytocenoses in both years of the studies. The process of succession that takes place in the Inuletum ensifoliae community stabilizes its structure and floristic composition. A potential threat to this community can be the invasion of the species of scrub communities, mainly those of the Pruno-Ligustretum association.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Nitrofilne zbiorowiska segetalne i zrębów występujące na terenie byłej Akademii Rolniczej w Szczecinie przy ulicach J. Słowackiego i Papieża Pawła VI
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2009) Kutyna, Ignacy; Nieczkowska, Małgorzata; Zakład Ekologii, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Ekologii, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    In the investigated area there are patches of segetal vegetation. They were defined as nitrophilous communities of Stellaria media. Species characteristic of Stellarietea mediae class are found in flower beds and also on the exposed and unsheltered surfaces formed by plant cultivation on these sites. These communities are floristically rich (112 taxa), and Stellaria media (S=V, D=870) is a dominating species. Apart from this nitrophilous taxon in the community structure there is a series of species of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea (26 taxa) and Artemisietea vulgaris (24 taxa). Communities of Stellaria media have the features of segetal plant communities, but its structure shows that they are undergoing a process of conversion leading to ruderal and seminatural communities. In the examined area there is also a floristically rich (102 taxa) complex of Calamagrostietum epigeji, typical of forest felling sites. Aside from a frequently found species of a characteristic complex of Calamagrostis epigejos (S=V, D=542), there are also numerous species of Artemisietea vulgaris (31 taxa) and Molinio- Arrhenatheretea (30 taxa) classes. Sparse species, characteristic of the latter syntaxon (Taraxacum officinale and Potentilla reptans) reach a facial form in some patches. Phytocenoses of Calamagrostietum epigeji complex settle down mainly in compact soils situated on small slopes adjacent to the inner roads of the area. They are also found on pavements and lawns.
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    Plant Communities on the Flat Ridge of the “Piotrawin” Quarry Located in the Vicinity of Vistula Near Józefów on the Vistula in Opole Lubelskie County
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Department of Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    In 1998, three years after technical and biological reclamation, 29 relevés were made in the ridge area (the crown of the excavation) of the quarry “Piotrawin”. Two segetal associations were distinguished (Sileno inflatae-Linarietum minoris and Lathyro-Melandrietum noctiflori) as well as one xerothermic grassland association (Inuletum ensifoliae). The communities are floristically very rich. The number of taxa in the individual associations is varied and it ranges from 120 (Lathyro-Melandrietum noctiflori) to 147 (Sileno inflatae-Linarietum minoris). The average number of taxa in a relevé of individual communities is very high and it ranges from 60 to 62. The dominant syntaxon in these communities is Stellarietea mediae, the number of taxa ranges from 26 to 39. Moreover, the communities are characterised by a numerous participation of ruderal communities species (Artemisietea vulgaris), xerothermic grasslands (Festuco-Brometea) and seminatural grasslands (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea). The aforementioned communities have close mutual floristic similarities determined on the basis of the degree of phytosociological stability. High mutual similarity, at the level of 76.8%, is demonstrated by segetal communities. Smaller mutual similarity (72.1%) occurs between Sileno inflatae-Linarietum minoris and Inuletum ensifoliae. After three years, the segetal communities were still dominant in the researched ridge area of the quarry, but during a reconnaissance performed in 2013 a significant floristic transformation of the community was noted, which tends to the infestation of the area with xerothermic grasslands communities species and scrubs of Rhamno-Prunetea class.
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    Plant Communities on the Ridge of the “Piotrawin” Quarry 19 Years After Technical and Biological Reclamation
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Department of Ecology, Envinronmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    The research was conducted in 2014 in the ridge area of „Piotrawin” quarry. The aim of the study was to determine the natural succession changes that had occurred in the communities distinguished 16 years earlier (in 1998). 20 relevés were made. Segetal communities of Sileno inflantae-Linarietum minoris and Lathyro-Melandrietum noctiflori which had been present in 1998, were not found in phytocenoses of 2014. As a result of the transformation of Inuletum ensifoliae community, the species of Stellarietea mediae class were hardly present in 2014. The phytocoenon was floristically poorer in 2014. The structure comprised of only 88 taxa, compared to the large number of species (from 118 to 148) recorded in the communities of 1998. The average number of taxa was also smaller (34) in comparison to the significant floristic richness of communities in 1998 (from 60 to 62 species). Inuletum ensifoliae community present in 2014 demonstrated also a certain floristic distinction, there have also been differences in the stability of occurrence and cover coefficients of many species in individual phytosociological classes. The phytocoenoses of 2014 are characterised by small coefficients of similarity, which range from 49.0% to 54.0% in relation to the communities distinguished in 1998. In contrast, the relative similarity of communities of 1998 was very high and it ranged from 72.5% to 80%. In the community of Inuletum ensifoliae of 2014, the stability degrees and cover coefficients for a range of species of Artemisietea vulgaris and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea are lower, while the taxa of Festuco-Brometea are significantly higher. A rapid development of shrub species of Rhamno-Prunetea class could also be observed. The ridge area of the querry is predominantly occupied by numerous Cornus sanguinea (S = V, D = 1625), Rosa canina (S = V, D = 738), Cerasus fruticosa (S = IV, D = 225) and other shrub species. These taxa inhabit almost all layers of the community, especially layer b and most probably in a few dozen years the area will be occupied by phytocenoses of Rhamno-Cornetum sanguinei and Pruno-Ligustretum, which are currently surrounding the excavation of the quarry from the south and north.
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    Soil conditions and plant communities on the summit, the slope and the depression on the edge of west Oder
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Malinowski, Ryszard; Department of Ecology, Envinronmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Kutyna I., Malinowska K., Malinowski R. (2016). Soil conditions and plant communities on the summit, the slope and the depression on the edge of west Oder. Folia Pomer. Univ. Technol. Stetin., Agric., Aliment., Pisc., Zootech., 328(39)3, 123–158. doi 10.21005/AAPZ2016.39.3.12
    37 relevés were made in the area of West Oder western edge located between the village of Moczyły and the hamlet of Kamionka. Geobotanical study was conducted in three elements of the terrain. 17 relevés were made on flat tops of the edge with cereal cultivation, 11 on the southern and southeastern slope within long-term fallow, and 7 in the depression (with triticale cultivation). 4 outcrops were made along the transect from which samples were taken in order to determine basic soil parameters (grain size distribution, pH and CaCO3 content). Lathyro- -Melandrietum noctiflori segetal community was distinguished on the summit and it was internally diversified into the typical variant as well as Anthemis tinctoria and Melampyrum arvense. The slopes are inhabited by floristically rich Convolvulo arvensis-Agropyretum repentis phytocoenoses. It is characterised by species diversity resulting from the process of community transformation, which occurs on the slope of the habitat during secondary succession. Poo-Tussilaginetum farfarae phytocoenoses develop at the footslope (in the depression), which is characterised by different ecological conditions compared to the slope and the summit. With the use of phytoindicational properties of plant species and Ellenberg’s method the following mean values were determined: thermal relations of the habitat (T), humidity (W), pH of the soil (R), content of nitrogen (N) and biological activity of the soil (G). The warmest are the habitats on the slope (T = 2.5) and on the summit (T = 2.3). In the depression, the habitats are very cold (T = 1.8). The driest soils are those of the summit and the slope (W = 3.5). In the depression the soils are periodically wet (W = 2.4). The pH of the soil on the summit and the slope is alkaline (R = 4.2) and in the depression it is neutral (R = 3.8). The content of N in the soil of the summit and the slope is similar (N = 2.8–3.3), and slightly lower on the slope (N = 2.7) which is due to the loss of humus caused by surface water erosion occurring on the slope of the hill. The results obtained with this method are very close to the soil parameters obtained with analytical soil science methods.
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    Soil conditions and xerothermic grasses communities within the western edge of the Oder in the vicinity of Szczecin
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Malinowski, Ryszard; Paprota, Dariusz; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
    Based on 29 relevés were made in the area of the edge of Western Oder (Ustowo– –Pargowo) two xerothermic grass associations were distinguished. Potentillo-Stipetum capillatae phytocoenon is internally differentiated into the typical variant and the one with a significant share of shrub communities with Rhamno-Prunetea. Apart from numerous species of xerothermic grasses, the structure of the association is formed by sandy grasses taxa with Koelerio glaucae- -Corynephoretea canescentis (Sedum acre, Festuca ovina and Helichrysum arenarium are particularly frequent). Patches of this phytocoenon are found both on soils poorly formed by erosion (SY) made of clayey sands and on typical eutrophic brown soils (BEt) formed of light loam. Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati phytocoenoses form dense grasslands with the dominance of Brachypodium pinnatum and the grasses of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea (Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata) together with the significant share of shrub communities species with Rhamno-Prunetea. Patches of vegetation have developed mainly on typical eutrophic brown soils (BEt) formed of sandy loam and light loam. Typologically varied soils found on the slopes of the edge are characterized by alkaline reaction and a significant content of calcium carbonate. Southern and south-eastern exposition of the slopes and soil conditions are favourable for the occurrence of xerothermic and sandy grasslands. Frequent and numerous presence of shrub communities species (Rhamno-Prunetea) in some patches of both associations, as well as grasses of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, indicate an intermediate stage in the succession toward the development of seminatural communities as well as shrub communities. In order to preserve the unique flora and the plant communities in the area it should be used extensively (grazing, mowing).
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    Structure and floristic diversity of the community Calamagrostietum Epigeji Juraszek 1928 within different biotopes
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Kutyna, Ignacy; Młynkowiak, Elżbieta; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
    The aim of the present paper was to determine the structure and floristic diversity of Calamagrostietum epigeji occurring within different biotopes (sand and gravel post-excavation pits, “Gilow” post-flotation waste dump, and an urban area in Szczecin). Based on previous publications, a synthetic table was compiled to present the phytosociological constancy (S) and cover coefficient (D) of species occurring in the analysed phytocoenoses. Analysis of the similarity between the communities was performed with the UPGMA method and Euclidean distances on the basis of species phytosociological constancy using the Statistica PL package. Similarity coefficients were also calculated for the distinguished phytocoenoses with the Sorensen method and the results were presented in Czekanowski’s diagram. As revealed by the UPGMA method, the greatest similarity was exhibited by communities developing within the “Storkowo I” and “Storkowo II” pits and in the “Mielenko Drawskie” pit. These phytocoenoses, which are undergoing the initial succession stage, are characterised by distinct dominance of Calamagrostis epigejos and a low number of species (from 38 to 49 taxa, on average from 10 to 15 per releve). The other group comprises communities representing later stages of succession from the “Gilow” post-flotation waste dump and the long abandoned “Krzynka” and “Szczecin- -Żydowce” pits. These phytocoenoses exhibit substantially higher floristic richness (from 61 to 114 species, on average from 15 to 20 per releve); hence, the cover coefficient of the bushgrass is considerably lower. The urban area in Szczecin is the most diverse biotope, in which, due to the more favourable soil conditions, rich phytocoenoses characterised by a mean number of 25 taxa per releve and a low cover of Calamagrostis epigejos have developed.
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    Struktura geograficzno-historyczna flor zróżnicowanych biotopów oraz wybrane wskaźniki antropogeniczne
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2013) Kutyna, Ignacy; Berkowska, Ewelina; Młynkowiak, Elżbieta; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    The analysis of the geographical and historical structure of the flora of different biotopes and the anthropogenic indices are of cognitive significance in the process of transformation of communities. Differentiated biotopes (exploited sand and gravel pits, fallows, arable fields, warm slopes, shrubs, alleys, midfield ponds and midfield meadows, forest habitats, shoulders of forest roads and car parks adjacent to forests) in the area of the south western part of Nizina Szczecińska (Szczecin Lowland) and the western part of Pojezierze Drawskie (Drawsko Lakeland) were taken into consideration in the studies. Apart from these biotopes the results of Chmiel's studies concerning NE Wielkopolska, the protected areas: nature reserves, landscape parks, ecological utilized areas and non-protected areas were used. In the flora of the studied biotopes indigenous species dominate species of non-native origin and among spontaneophytes more abundent are synenthropic spontaneophytes (apophytes). Among anthropophytes the most frequently represented are archeophytes, whereas keneophytes occur much more rarely. The smallest transformation of the flora is observed in protected areas of NE Wielkopolska (N = 34.1%) and within the range of such biotopes as midfield ponds and midfield alleys (N = 32.9–33.3%) and in forest habitats of Western Pomerania (N = 30.8–31.8%). Within the area of exploited pits the largest indices of proper synanthropization were recorded. The Sw indices are the largest for the flora of the pits (Sw varies from 78.9 to 94.1%), approximate values of proper synanthropization were also determined for fallows and the largest - for arable fields (Sw = 91.3–98.2%). The lowest values of proper synanthropization, not exceeding 60%, were characteristic of the flora of NE Wielkopolska, of midfield ponds, midfield meadows and forest habitats (Sw indices are the lowest and they vary from 35.9 to 45.0%). The index of potential synanthropization of the flora is larger by 25–33% of the Sw value in all the biotopes. The values of proper apophytization (Apw) and potential apophytization (App) of the flora are similar in the flora of the studied biotopes to the indices of synanthropization and their values are smaller by 25–33%. The largest indices of archeophytization (Ar = 30.8−35.7%) are achieved by the flora of arable fields and fallows, slightly smaller (15.8−18.9%) − by the flora of the pits, the index of the remaining biotopes (forest habitats, shrubs, alleys, midfield ponds and midfield meadows) does not exceed 10%. The contribution of kenophytes to the flora of the studied biotopes is very slight. It is confirmed by very small indices of kenophytization.
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    Struktura geograficzno-historyczna flory oraz jej stopień synantropizacji w fitocenozach leśnych przylegających do parkingów oraz występujących w ich obrębie
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2010) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Fizjologii Roślin, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    Changes in the flora of natural forest communities forming in the areas between the forest and a roadside car park or the forest and a forest car park and in the phytocenoses of car parks were determined by enumerating anthropogenic indices of: natural character of flora, proper synanthropy and potential flora, proper and potential apophytization, proper and potential apophytism of spontaneophytes, general anthropophytisation, archeophytization of flora, kenophytization of flora, modernization of flora (M), stability of the flora of anthropophytes and stability of total flora and the indices of fluctuation changes in the flora of anthropophytes and in total flora of the studied phytocenoses. Communities deep in the forest in both habitats are characterised by considerably larger indices of natural character, as compared to the flora of phytocenoses of the area between the forest and the car park. The lowest natural character is shown by communities in the car parks. Whereas phytocenoses formed in the car parks show the highest indices of proper and potential synanthropization. This is the result of anthropogenic impact on these specific habitats. A direct penetration of the habitats of the forest adjacent to the car parks (ecotone zone) by travellers leads to a change in the structure of phytocenoses towards their synanthropization. This is confirmed by the indices of anthropophytisation, which are largest in the communities of the car parks. In the structure of the investigated communities, the contribution of archeophytes is small and in the phytocenoses of the forests they are not found at all. The occurrence of alien species (kenophytes) in the studied phytocenoses is not significant and this is confirmed by small indices of kenophytization. The flora of the examined communities shows a high degree of stability and fluctuation changes in anthropophytes and the entire flora of individual phytocenoses are not big. Only in phytocenoses in the car parks in the forest habitats, the index is a little larger due to the occurrence in them a larger number of diaphytes. The analysis of the spatial structure of anthropogenic indices of variability in the flora is of considerable cognitive significance. It facilitates verification of the space from the perspective of the natural character of the flora (the index of the natural character, synanthropization and apophytization) and also the expansion of alien species (the index of kenophytization and fluctuation changes). It also allows to determine the relative stability of the species composition (index of archeophytization and stability of the flora).
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    Struktura geograficzno-historyczna flory zbiorowisk upraw zbóż ozimych i kilkunastoletnich odłogów
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2011) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Fizjologii Roślin, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    The paper presents the geographical and historical spectrum of agrophytocoenoses flora of winter crops cultivation and a dozen year old fallows adjacent to them, in the area of the south-western part of the Szczecin Plain. A series of anthropogenic indices were determined. 242 phytosociologic releves taken within the area of differentiated soil conditions were used in the description. The affiliation of individual taxons to the geographical and historical status was determined and then anthropogenic indices were calculated. In regard to the scope of natural character of the examined flora biotopes, the contribution of nonsynanthropic spontaneophytes (Sp) is symbolic, and the indices are very small what results from the aricultural use of biotopes. The flora of both differently exploited habitats is under strong anthropopression and this is a favourable factor for synanthropization of phytocoenoses. The values of (Sw) and (Sp) are very large and they confirm the process of restructure of the communities. A clear change is observed in the floristic character of fallows in which the contribution of apophytes increases. The process of apophyzation is confirmed by larger values of indices (Aw) and (Ap) in phytocoenoses of fallows. In segetal communities of winter crops markedly dominant are archeophytes and the (Ar) index is significantly larger than that in the flora of fallows. The influence of a human being on the communities of winter crops cultivation is also confirmed by a larger index of flora general anthropophytisation (An). The contribution of kenophytes and diaphytes is symbolic and the indices of kenophytization (Kn) and fluctuation changes in the total flora (FLC) are very small. The high indices of total flora stability (TC) confirm the stability of floristic composition of the studied phytocoenoses.
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    The Site of Western Ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya dc.) in the Western Part of Szczecin Lowland
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2014) Kutyna, Ignacy; Młynkowiak, Elżbieta; Leśnik, Tadeusz; Department of Ecology, Envinronmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ecology, Envinronmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Ecology, Envinronmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
    Ambrozja zachodnia (Ambrosia psilostachya DC.) jest gatunkiem inwazyjnym notowanym w Polsce na nielicznych stanowiskach. W zachodniej części Niziny Szczecińskiej jest to 3 stanowisko. Zbiorowisko z ambrozją zachodnią występuje na poboczu dwupasmowej drogi Berlin–Szczecin–Chociwel na glebie wytworzonej z piasków (słabogliniastego i gliniastego lekkiego) przesuszonych, nieco zasolonych, o odczynie obojętnym, z niewielką zawartością próchnicy i CaCO3 (od 3 do 5%). Na podstawie 9 zdjęć fitosocjologicznych fitocenozy z obecnością tego gatunku zaliczono do zespołu Diantho-Armerietum elongatae z wyraźną tendencją nawiązującą do zbiorowiska z rzędu Arrhenatheretalia, z racji znacznego udziału w nim gatunków zbiorowisk seminaturalnych – Festuca rubra (S = V, D = 3000) i Arrhenatherum elatius (S = IV, D = 750). Ambrozja zachodnia jest stałym składnikiem fitocenoz (S = V), osiągając w nich znaczne pokrycie (D = 3139).
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    Występowanie Calamagrostis epigejos L. (Roth) w zbiorowiskach roślinnych różnych biotopów
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2014) Młynkowiak, Elżbieta; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Kutyna, Ignacy; Katedra Ekologii, Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Fizjologii Roślin, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Ekologii, Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    The aim of this study was to characterize the occurrence of Calamagrostis epigejos in communities in different biotopes (industrial waste clarifiers, sand and gravel pits, abandoned airports and military training grounds, urban areas, roadside, long-term fallow land, forest roads and parking lots near forests) in the western part of Western Pomerania and Lubin Upland (Gilów clarifier). This paper is based mainly on our publications containing data on the constancy (S) and cover coefficient (D) of this taxon in the Calamagrostietum epigeji community and in the phytocenoses of other assemblages. The analysis of the data shows that Calamagrostis epigejos creates clusters in areas transformed by man. Bushgrass reached the highest S and D in communities on sand and gravel pits and industrial areas. Phytocenoses in urban areas had lower constancy and cover coefficient, while the lowest levels were found in forest communities, fallow lands, and in the ruderal communities at abandoned airports and military training grounds.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Właściwości chemiczne gliniastych gleb uprawnych o zróżnicowanej rzeźbie terenu z uwzględnieniem zbiorowisk roślinnych po piętnastu latach odłogowania. Cz. II. Zbiorowiska roślinne w obrębie wierzchowiny, zbocza i w obniżeniu
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowski, Ryszard; Niedźwiedzki, Edward; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    After a period of 15 years, 17 phytosociological relevés were taken in 2006, on a slope top, on a slope and in a ground lowering area within the soils formed from loam. In 1993 (the first year of fallowing), segetal communities were observed on the slope, on the slope top and in the ground lowering. The slope and the slope top were settled by phytocoenoses of the Aphano-Matricarietum consolidetosum subassociation with a considerable contribution to them of the species of the Sisymbrietalia order. Whereas in the ground lowering, a typical subassociation Aphano-Matricarietum occurred. After 15 years no species characteristic of the subassociation and the association present in 1993 were recorded. In the process of the secondary succession a gramineous community Convolvulo arvensis-Agropyretum repentis appeared. In a part of this syntaxon, mainly on the slope top, a variant with Arrhenatherum elatius, and on the slope a variant with an aggressive species Calamagrostis epigejos were distinguished. In the ground lowering, dominating are the species characteristic of the Ranunculo-Alopecuretum geniculati association: Ranunculus repens, Agrostis stolonifera and Agrostis geniculatus of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class. In both communities the species of scrub communities Rosa canina, Crataegus monogyna and forest communities Fraxinus excelsior also occur, however, less frequently. The seeds of the latter species spread anemochorically on the studied area from the adjacent roadside plants. The presence of these species indicates the taking place process of an ecological succession leading towards the formation of scrub communities.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Właściwości chemiczne gliniastych gleb uprawnych o zróżnicowanej rzeźbie terenu z uwzględnieniem zbiorowisk roślinnych po piętnastu latach odłogowania. Część I. Właściwości chemiczne gleb
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Malinowski, Ryszard; Niedźwiedzki, Edward; Kutyna, Ignacy; Meller, Edward; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Zakład Gleboznawstwa, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    The fifteen year period of the fallowing of a loamy soil of a differentiated land relief caused an increase, as compared with the results of the studies carried out in 1994, in the soil acidity in all the studied elements of the relief. After such a long period of fallowing, no distinct changes were observed in humus resources, in the C : N ratio and in the content of available phosphorus. Whereas the resources of available potassium and magnesium increased in the soil layer up to a depth of 60 cm.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Zbiorowiska muraw kserotermicznych i piaskowych na krawędzi doliny Odry w Owczarach
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2012) Kutyna, Ignacy; Drewniak, Ewa; Młynkowiak, Elżbieta; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Klub Przyrodników w Świebodzinie, Stacja Terenowa Owczary 17, 69-113 Górzyca; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    Ecological and phytosociological studies concerning plant communities carried out in: Protected Area "Owczary", Ecological Arable Lands "Owczary I and II" and "Laski I and II" as well as within Nature Reserve "Pamięcin" situated in Owczary or in its neighbourhood. 49 phytosociological relevés were taken on xerothermic and psammophilous grasslands. Four communities in the rank of associations were distinguished. Phytocenoses of the Potentillo- -Stipetum capillatae association - stipa grassland, are found on S and SW slopes, mainly on soils formed from light loam of alkaline reaction, containing calcium carbonate. Similar soils are settled by phytocenoses of Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati, occurring on slopes and slope tops of hills. They are a dominant community in the studied area. In the patches of association there are practically no characteristic species of the Potentillo-Stipetum capillatae association. The species of the Festucetalia valesiacae order and taxa characteristic of the Sileno otitis- -Festucetum association are also less frequent. Within grasslands lying on sand two communities were recognised, Sileno otitis-Festucetum and Diantho-Armerietum elongatae. Phytocenoses of both associations are mainly settled on sandy soils of alkaline reaction (Sileno otitis-Festucetum) and acid and slightly acid reaction (Diantho-Armerietum elongatae). Among 124 recorded species in plant communities there are taxa under strict species protection: Anthericum liliago, Campanula sibirica, C. bononiensis, Orobanche lutea, Oxytropis pilosa, Scorzonera purpurea, Stipa joannis and S. capillata. They are also settled by species which are under partial species protection: Helichrysum arenarium, Primula veris and Ononis spinosa. Except for protected species in communities, there are a series of rare species that are in danger of extinction: Asperula tinctoria, Carex humilis, Eryngium campestre, Hieracium echioides, Prunella grandiflora and Thesium linophyllum.
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    PozycjaOpen Access
    Zbiorowiska roślinne na obszarze technicznie zrekultywowanego wyrobiska kopalni „Storkowo”
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2011) Kutyna, Ignacy; Młynkowiak, Elżbieta; Rzymska, Wioleta; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Katedra Ochrony i Kształtowania Środowiska, Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie
    In the area of a technically reclaimed pit of the sand and gravel „Storkowo” mine, 58 relevés were taken. The ground, which were naturally and spontanously settled by plant communities, is sandy. It is generally loose sand and slightly loamy sand of a slightly acid to alkaline reaction. The presence of CaCO3 was observed on the surfaces of some patches. Within the area of the sandy biotope, five plant communities were distinguished, four of them in the rank of an association. The Corispermo-Brometum tectorum association is the richest floristically (69 species), and it is characterised by the largest number of species in the phytosociologic relevé (on average 23 taxa) and the significant vegetation density (on average 51%). Its phytocoenoses are differentiated floristically and in the structure two variants were distinguished, typical and of aphid character and within the area of the latter, a subvariant from Hieracium pilosella. The Calamagrostietum epigeji association is characterised by smaller floristic differentiation (43 taxa) and the smallest number of species in the phytosociologic relevé (on average 14) and quite significant density of the patch surface (on average 87%). In the phytocoenoses, a typical variant was distinguished and the one of aphid character with domination of Ceratodon purpureus and Brachythecium albicans. The community of Corynephorus canescens is floristically the poorest (30 species). It is characterised by the smallest plant cover (on average 25%) and the smallest number of species in the relevé (on average14). The Holcetum lanati association is characterised by quite a significant number of species (59), large plant density (on average 91%), and the number of species in the relevé is not large (on average15 taxons). Phytocoenoses of the association were classified into three variants: a typical, with Vicia villosa and with Trifolium arvense. The Arrhenatheretum elatioris phytocoenoses are characterised by quite a significant number of species (61) and the largest density (on average 92%). Individual patches are abundant in species (on average 19 taxa were recorded in the relevé).