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Pozycja Open Access Alternative Use of Mare Milk(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Romaniuk, Karolina; Majszyk-Świątek, Marta; Kryszak, Katarzyna; Danielewicz, Agata; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandMare milk, compared to the milk of other animal species used for dairy purposes, is distinguished by a wealth of bioactive substances conferring health benefits. Mare milk positively affects the human immune system and digestive system. It is rich in nutrients that have a beneficial effect on the skin and protect its cells against oxidative stress. The aim of the survey was to investigate consumer awareness of the alternative use of mare milk. The survey was conducted among students from four fields of study (bioengineering of food, dietetics, agriculture, and animal husbandry) and people with no connection to agriculture. In total, responses were obtained from 200 people. Fifty-one per cent of respondents were unaware that horses are used for dairy purposes. Mare milk is most often (60% of respondents) associated only with food for foals. The respondents’ awareness of the chemical composition of milk was low (37%). The main food product made from mare milk that was familiar to the respondents (70%) was kumis.Pozycja Open Access Assessment of Peregrine Falcon (Peregrine falcon) Hatching in Private Breeding(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2014) Biesiada-Drzazga, Barbara; Banaszewska, Dorota; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Bombik, Elżbieta; Wójcik, Ewa; Ostrowski, Dominik; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry and Small Ruminant Breeding, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry and Small Ruminant Breeding, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry and Small Ruminant Breeding, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, PolandCelem pracy była ocena lęgów sokoła wędrownego w wybranym gospodarstwie indywidualnym na terenie województwa mazowieckiego. Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2006–2011 na dwóch parach sokołów wędrownych w wieku 7–12 lat. Od pary hodowlanej podbierano jaja, prowokując ją do ponownego składania jaj. Przeprowadzoną w pracy analizę lęgów oparto na następujących wskaźnikach: liczba zniesionych jaj przez dwie samice w systemie dwóch lęgów w jednym roku, procent zapłodnienia jaj, procent wylęgu piskląt. Ponadto w 2010 roku przeprowadzono porównanie wyników lęgów pochodzących z inkubacji sztucznej i lęgów naturalnych. Samice z obu par w każdym z dwóch lęgów łącznie znosiły maksymalnie do 8 jaj. Lepsze wyniki lęgu uzyskiwano z I lęgu. Z I lęgu uzyskano również większy odsetek wylęgu piskląt z jaj zapłodnionych, w porównaniu z lęgiem II. Nie stwierdzono żadnych różnic pomiędzy wynikami lęgu naturalnego i inkubacji sztucznej. W badanym okresie uzyskano od obu par sokołów łącznie 18 piskląt.Pozycja Open Access Behavioural Traits of Cats (Felis catus) - Importance for Humans(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Dmitruk, Maria; Kołdziejczyk, Dorota; Horoszewicz, Elżbieta; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandAmong companion animals, the behaviour of the cat is least known and understood. For years it has been a mystery to many people. It is difficult to correctly assess and read a cat’s facial expressions, tail movements and perception of the world. Increasing attention is being paid to developing proper relationships with animals and improving our understanding of their language. This study describes the body language of cats, with particular focus on the expression of the emotional states of these popular pets.Pozycja Open Access Changes in the level of calcium, zinc and copper in the serum of horses in relation to the feeding season(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Górski, Krzysztof; Jania, Bartosz; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Reproduction and Animal Hygiene, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory LAB-WET, Warszawa; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe correct concentrations of biological elements allow biochemical processes to proceed normally, and thus enable the proper functioning of the organism. The aim of the study was to determine characteristics of the mineral metabolism of horses raised in a region characterized by mineral deficiencies as a basis for evaluating their diet. Ten horses were selected for the study (5 mares and 5 geldings), all kept in similar conditions. The horses were used for recreation and sport. The study was conducted in two periods: after the pasture season (end of November 2015) and at the beginning of the pasture season (end of May 2016). Blood was collected from the jugular vein into sterile test tubes without coagulant. The evaluation of the concentrations of copper and zinc in the blood serum of the horses revealed substantial deviations from physiological norms. The serum concentrations of Cu and Zn were below the lower reference levels. On the basis of the study it is difficult to conclusively state which factor is decisive in determining the content of calcium, zinc and copper in the serum of horses over the course of the year. It seems likely that the serum concentrations of these elements may be determined by their content in the horses’ feed. Therefore it would be advisable to supplement the supply of copper and zinc in the feed ration in both the summer and winter seasons. Moreover, further research should be conducted in the region to determine the supply of copper and zinc to horses.Pozycja Open Access Epigenetics of reproduction(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Czubaszek, Magdalena; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Banaszewska, Dorota; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry and Small Ruminant Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesEpigenetic research offers a significant opportunity to understand the role of environmental interactions on the genome and disease, while enabling modulation of these interactions in order to improve human health. Knowledge of both genetic and epigenetic changes is essential for identification of functional gametes and for fertility treatment. Future studies in both human and animal models may enable better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between altered DNA methylation in the sperm cell and infertility. It is currently unclear whether methylation defects found in the DNA of infertile sperm are primary or secondary defects. An understanding of what underlies DNA methylation disorders will be important for the development of successful fertility treatments. While epigenetic research will unquestionably expand our knowledge of general genetics, it is mainly valued for its innovative and comprehensive approach to molecular diagnostics and is directed towards clinical procedures.Pozycja Open Access Malopolski horses – sport or recreation?(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Wilczyńska, Karolina; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Danielewicz, Agata; Departament of Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Departament of Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Departament of Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesMany horse breeders currently face the problem of breeding which is oriented towards the purposes of sport, which places increasing demands on riding horses. But would it not be more rational to plan a strategy focused primarily on recreation, as well as on equestrian sports in a limited scope? The vast majority of horses that do not meet the conditions of qualified riders end up with amateurs who cannot cope with these temperamental animals. Using information obtained from the lists of starters in the Polish Championships for Young Horses (MPMK) from 2010–2015, the study evaluated the percentage of Malopolski horses among all Polish breeds of starters and analysed the achievements of Malopolski horses, broken down by sex and by the percentage of thoroughbred blood in the individuals. The number of Malopolski horses starting in the Polish Championships for Young Horses is just under 10%, having remained at an even level during the six years analysed. The lowest percentage of Malopolski horses was noted in 2014, at 6.7%, but a year later it increased to 9.6%. The many years of breeders’ work on the Malopolski breed represent an invaluable achievement of Polish material culture. Therefore this tradition should be continued by improving the traits and preserving the form of the original Malopolski horse. This improvement must be based on excellent material supported by breeding work in the public and private sector.Pozycja Open Access The Most Common Allergic Diseases in Dogs(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Dopierała, Marta; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandAllergies affect not only people, but animals as well, including dogs. Allergic diseases are often observed in veterinary practice. There are many factors and substances in the environment around us that can cause allergic reactions. These are known as allergens. They may be of plant or animal origin, but may also be chemical compounds. Allergies in dogs have become a common topic of discussion in veterinary surgeries. Many dogs, purebred or of mixed breeds, are diagnosed for allergies. There are many reasons for the occurrence of allergies, from genetic predisposition to the environmental conditions in which the animal lives. Allergies in dogs are troublesome because when diagnosed too late or left untreated they can lead to serious health complications.Pozycja Open Access Opinions of Students of Selected Areas of Study on Food Security and Food Safety(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2023) Biesiada-Drzazga, Barbara; Banaszewska, Dorota; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Zaremba, Urszula; Kaim, Sabina; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, PolandIn every country and on every continent, food security is one of the most important and even fundamental human needs, and thus feeding people should be an overriding goal at the international, national, and even household level. Food security involves meeting three conditions – physical access to food, economic access to food, and production of healthy food ensuring a nutritionally optimal diet. The aim of the study was to assess basic knowledge of food security and safety among students of agriculture and medicine at the global and household level. The survey found a satisfactory level of knowledge on the subject of the research. Students indicate differences in the concepts of food security and safety as well as variation in economic access to food and the need to eliminate it. They indicate the causes of hunger and malnutrition, and particularly the need to ensure production of safe food. Most respondents regarded food security in their households as satisfactory and stated that an increase in income does not necessarily lead to an increase in expenditures on food. Irrespective of their area of study, the survey participants correctly identified the main causes of hunger and malnutrition in the world, as well as the regions and countries in which these phenomena occur. The main causes of hunger and malnutrition in the world were considered to be the increase in the population, authoritarian systems of government and associated armed conflicts, and unfair distribution of food.Pozycja Open Access Preliminary research on evaluation of sperm morphometry and chromatin structure in the semen of silver fox (Vulpes vulpes)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Andraszek, Katarzyna; Szeleszczuk, Olga; Niedbała, Piotr; Kuchta-Gładysz, Marta; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Anatomy, Institute of Veterinary Science University of Agriculture in Krakow; Department of Swine and Small Ruminant Breeding, Institute of Animal Science University of Agriculture in Krakow; Department of Animal Anatomy, Institute of Veterinary Science University of Agriculture in KrakowSemen analysis is a way to predict male fertility. The quality of sperm morphology evaluation depends on the diligence put in the preparation of smears, their fixation and cell staining, since these may affect the morphometry of the head and the entire sperm alike. The aim of the study was a detailed morphometric analysis and chromatin structure evaluation in the sperm cells of the silver fox (Vulpes vulpes). The material involved the sperm of year-old captive silver foxes. The slides were stained using one of the following dyes: aniline blue (AB), chromomycin (CMA3), and acridine orange (AO). The staining revealed prevailing sperm with normal histone retention. The measurements resulted in the following mean values of the fox sperm morphometric parameters: head length and width: 6.59 μm and 4.39 μm, respectively, head perimeter: 17.98 μm, head area: 21.69 μm2, acrosome area: 11.2 μm2, acrosome coverage: 51.69%, mid-piece length: 12.84 μm, mid-piece coverage: 19.72%, tail length: 65.11 μm, sperm length: 71.70 μm, head ellipticity index: 1.51, head elongation: 0.2, head roughness: 0.84, and head regularity: 1.05. According to the literature on differential sperm staining for morphological evaluation purposes, the lack of established standards and the use of a variety of dyeing techniques appear as a current issue.Pozycja Open Access The Role of Staining Techniques in Seminological Analysis of Mammalian Semen(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Banaszewska, Dorota; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Zdrowowicz, Ewa; Czubaszek, Magdalena; Walczak-Jędrzejowska, Renata; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University in Łódź, PolandThe most important semen parameters are the concentration, motility and morphology of sperm cells. Sperm morphology is regarded as the most reliable parameter for predicting fertility in males. A problem in evaluating sperm morphology and morphometry is the lack of standardization of staining techniques. The staining procedure and reagents used can significantly affect the morphometric parameters of the sperm cell. The use of stains with different pH or osmotic pressure, as well as the duration of the procedure, may influence the shape and size of the sperm, and thus the result of the morphological evaluation of the semen. It is necessary to develop an evaluation procedure for sperm morphology and morphometry that will minimize the changes in the structure of the evaluated semen in relation to the native semen.Pozycja Open Access The Use of Serum Protein Electrophoresis in Diagnosis of Horse Diseases(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2018) Jania, Bartosz; Wyganowska, Amelia; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandThe aim of the study was to use serum protein electrophoresis for a preliminary evaluation of the physiological condition of horses and detection of potential diseases. The serum electropherogram of healthy horses is characterized by a lack of a prealbumin zone, and 6 different bands can be observed: albumin, α1, α2, β1, β2, and γ-globulin. Numerous pathological states in horses, including liver diseases, innate or acquired immune deficiencies, enteropathies and nephropathies associated with protein loss, local or systemic infections, cancers, and parasites can cause changes in the albumin fraction and globulin concentration. The serum protein level can also change significantly in the case of equine babesiosis. In the horses tested the serum content of albumins and three globulin fractions with their subfractions were determined. The total protein concentration and the ratio of albumins to total globulins (A/G) were determined. Serum protein electrophoresis in horses can be recommended as a screening test for qualitative detection of abnormalities in the major proteins and as an important supplement to detailed calculation of serum proteins.