Wydanie 320(35)3 2015
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Pozycja Open Access The Potential of Using Corn Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles (DDGS) in Order to Improve the Fermentation Profile in Sheep(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Wysocka, Olga; Pecka, Ewa; Zawadzki, Wojciech; Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, PolandThe global increase in food demand and rising costs of production forces the agricultural industry to search for cheaper and more efficient methods of food provision. A partial solution to this problem could be the use of a high-protein feed of an industrial origin in livestock nutrition, such as corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Since DDGS is a byproduct, arising as a result of bioethanol production from corn, including it to ratio could be an excellent way of its natural utilization. There are indications that DDGS may favorably affect the rumen fermentation profile, inter alia, by increasing the total production of volatile fatty acids and changing the ratio between some of acids. Other reports relate to the reduction of greenhouse gases emitted by ruminants. Regarding the high calorific value of methane, the reduction of methanogenesis is an extremely beneficial phenomenon for grazers, because it allows to reduce energy losses associated with emission of fermentation gases. Due to the large heat capacity, it is believed that methane has a great influence on global warming. Therefore, another advantage of inhibiting methane production is reduced amount of gas in the atmosphere. However, the effect exerted on the fermentation following DDGS insertion into diet is not carefully examined, particularly in relation to the sheep, and the results are often conflicting. For that reason, there is a need for further research, gathering knowledge and verify whether the use of DDGS in the ratio of sheep is actually the convergent goal from ecological and productive point of view.Pozycja Open Access GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils Isolated from Fruits of Chosen Hot Pepper (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) Cultivars(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Wesołowska, Aneta; Grzeszczuk, Monika; Jadczak, Dorota; Institute of Chemistry and Environmental Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe burning taste of Capsicum fruits is due to the presence of the chemical group of alkaloid compounds called capsaicinoids, among which capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are responsible for 90% of the total pungency. The pepper fruits contain also the small amounts of essential oil, which gives them a distinctive flavor and aroma. The main objective of the present study was to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of the fruits of three hot pepper cultivars: ‘Wulkan’, ‘Padron’ and ‘Trakijska Shipka’. The essential oils were isolated from hot pepper fruits by water-steam distillation and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Palmitic acid (11.98 and 8.96% in 2010 and 2011, respectively), pentadecanal (6.46 and 13.70%), furfural (4.02 and 1.28%), 1-nonadecene (3.67 and 5.34%), 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (3.26 and 1.54%) and linoleic acid (2.23 and 2.16%) were found to be the major constituents of ‘Wulkan’ cultivar volatile oil. In the essential oil of ‘Padron’ cultivar, palmitic acid (8.45 and 12.52%), furfural (6.81 and 3.32%), benzeneacetaldehyde (4.28 and 1.55%), 2-acetylpyrrole (2.31 and 1.48%) and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2.00 and 3.10%) were the most abundant compounds. Similarly, palmitic acid (10.00 and 11.17%), pentadecanal (9.04 and 11.81%), 1-nonadecene (6.17 and 10.72%), furfural (6.10 and 2.60%) as well as nonadecane (3.99 and 5.19%) and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (2.82 and 1.77%) dominated in the essential oil of ‘Trakijska Shipka’ cultivar.Pozycja Open Access Comparison of CA, P and MG Concentration Changes in the Serum of Fallow Deer (Dama Dama) Hinds and Stags During the Period of Antler Growth in Stags(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Skuratko, Agata; Department of Reproductive Biotechnology and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandIn the study we decided to determine the dynamics of Ca, P and Mg concentration changes in the serum of fallow deer females and males in the period of antler growth in males and consider the validity of introducing the sex-dependent mineral supplementation programs in the aforementioned period. The study was performed on adult fallow deer hinds (n = 8) and stags (n = 8). The concentrations of Ca, P and Mg were measured in the serum samples, which were collected monthly from April to September. In the hinds the dynamic of mineral concentration changes does not show any significant variations and is characterized by a stable and constant growth through the experiment. In the males a similar profile of concentrations is observed through the most of the study except a considerable difference in September, when a rapid decrease in the level of all three minerals was noted. The results suggest that the pasture feed consumed in spring and summer is sufficient to ensure the constant complementation of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium reserve however in the period of antler mineralization in males, the intensification of mineral supplementation for stags may be considerable.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of the Myostatin Gene (MSTN) Polymorphism in Four Breeds of Horses(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Polasik, Daniel; Pikuła, Ryszard; Gawlik, Justyna; Ochman, Joanna; Terman, Arkadiusz; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Animal-Assisted Therapy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandGene encoding myostatin – MSTN is a marker for race distance, speed indices and body composition in Thoroughbred racehorses . Because it shows high variability depends on breed and utility type the aim of this study was to: design PCR based test for g.66493737C/T polymorphism analysis in intron 1 of the equine MSTN gene; analyze occurrence of g.66493737C/T variants in four breeds of horses, raised in Poland. Investigations were carried out on 209 horses belong to the following breeds: Holstein, Polish Noble Half-breed, Polish Heavy Draft and Polish Konik. For MSTN gene analysis amplification created restriction site method (ACRS) was applied. Digestion of MSTN gene amplicons (132bp) by RsaI enzyme allowed to discriminate individual genotypes based on following restriction fragments lengths: TT – 132bp, CT – 132, 103, 29bp and CC – 103, 29bp. Obtained results showed that CC genotype (speedy, sprint type) was present only in Holstein breed (0.073), which is known to have English Thoroughbreds ancestors. CT genotype (fast, middle-distance type) appeared with highest frequency (0.735) in Polish Noble Half-breed horses. Both of breeds represents saddle type. Last genotype – TT (greater stamina) was most common in Polish Heavy Draft (0.830) and Polish Konik (0.736) horses which are classified to heavy-draught and general type respectively. Differences in genotypes frequencies between breeds were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05 for CC, p ≤ 0.01 for TT and p ≤ 0.001 for CT). Results of this study showed MSTN gene variants differentiation depends on utility type and breed of horses raised in Poland.Pozycja Open Access Use of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Milk Products(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Neja, Wojciech; Bogucki, Mariusz; Ziółkowska, Joanna A.; Jankowska, Małgorzata; Krężel-Czopek, Sylwia; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of Cattle Breeding and Animal Feeding, University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, PolandProbiotics and prebiotics found in milk products can have many beneficial health- promoting effects. Probiotics are live organisms added to the diet and their consumption confers a positive effect on the host by improving the intestinal microflora balance. The health benefits of probiotics for the gastrointestinal tract include restoring normal intestinal microflora, preventing carcinogenesis and cancers from developing, and reducing lactose intolerance. Prebiotics are compounds that pass undigested by the enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract and have the ability to stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria. Prebiotics improve intestinal function, exhibit antidiabetic and antiatherogenic effects, and influence nutrient bioavailability. Products that contain probiotics and prebiotics are classified as functional foods, dietary supplements, or medicines.Pozycja Open Access Selected Issues of Euthanasia of Animals Part II. The Ethics in Facing Death(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Mikuła, Małgorzata; Kulawik, Mirosława; Szlufik, Krzysztof; Rzepiński, Filip; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Nowicki, Marek; Paśko, Sławomir; Murawska, Daria; Koczoń, Piotr; Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Przysiecki, Piotr; Niemiec, Tomasz; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Virtual Reality Techniques Division, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland; Department of Commodity Science and Animal Improvement, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Institute of Agriculture, Jan Amos Komeński State School of Higher Vocational Education in Leszno, Poland; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, PolandAnimal euthanasia causes religious and ethical difficulties among veterinary doctors. The approach to the issue of animal losing life often influences the relationships between the owner and the doctor. This problem is a professional and private challenge. Inadequate attitude to the existing situation can cause a long-lasting loss of trust. Euthanasia of cattle, swines and poultry can also be a challenge in case of infectious diseases.Pozycja Open Access Estimation of the Selected Winter Wheat (Triticum Aestivum l.) Varieties Cultivated in Organic and Conventional Crop Production Systems(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Łysoń, Ewelina; Biel, Wioletta; Sobolewska, Magdalena; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandFour winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Akteur, Adler, Discus, JB Asano) derived from organic and conventional production systems carried out in 2010–2011 at Gülzow (Germany) were evaluated. The wheat samples were analysed for content of dry mass, protein, fat, crude fibre, total carbohydrates and fibre fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL, HCEL, CEL). Grain originated from organic system had on average the crude protein 27% lower than that from conventional one (p < 0.05). It was found, that the winter wheat grain from organic system contained the higher level of total carbohydrates (p < 0.01) and crude fibre than that from conventional one (p < 0.05). The examined cultivars also significantly differed in the content of crude fiber and dietary fiber fractions. The conducted research did not allow an unequivocal determination of the crop production system that would have more beneficial influence on nutritious value of winter wheat grain.Pozycja Open Access Plant Communities on the Ridge of the “Piotrawin” Quarry 19 Years After Technical and Biological Reclamation(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Department of Ecology, Envinronmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe research was conducted in 2014 in the ridge area of „Piotrawin” quarry. The aim of the study was to determine the natural succession changes that had occurred in the communities distinguished 16 years earlier (in 1998). 20 relevés were made. Segetal communities of Sileno inflantae-Linarietum minoris and Lathyro-Melandrietum noctiflori which had been present in 1998, were not found in phytocenoses of 2014. As a result of the transformation of Inuletum ensifoliae community, the species of Stellarietea mediae class were hardly present in 2014. The phytocoenon was floristically poorer in 2014. The structure comprised of only 88 taxa, compared to the large number of species (from 118 to 148) recorded in the communities of 1998. The average number of taxa was also smaller (34) in comparison to the significant floristic richness of communities in 1998 (from 60 to 62 species). Inuletum ensifoliae community present in 2014 demonstrated also a certain floristic distinction, there have also been differences in the stability of occurrence and cover coefficients of many species in individual phytosociological classes. The phytocoenoses of 2014 are characterised by small coefficients of similarity, which range from 49.0% to 54.0% in relation to the communities distinguished in 1998. In contrast, the relative similarity of communities of 1998 was very high and it ranged from 72.5% to 80%. In the community of Inuletum ensifoliae of 2014, the stability degrees and cover coefficients for a range of species of Artemisietea vulgaris and Molinio-Arrhenatheretea are lower, while the taxa of Festuco-Brometea are significantly higher. A rapid development of shrub species of Rhamno-Prunetea class could also be observed. The ridge area of the querry is predominantly occupied by numerous Cornus sanguinea (S = V, D = 1625), Rosa canina (S = V, D = 738), Cerasus fruticosa (S = IV, D = 225) and other shrub species. These taxa inhabit almost all layers of the community, especially layer b and most probably in a few dozen years the area will be occupied by phytocenoses of Rhamno-Cornetum sanguinei and Pruno-Ligustretum, which are currently surrounding the excavation of the quarry from the south and north.Pozycja Open Access Changes of Chemical Properties of Brunic Arenosols (Rusty Soils) After Eleven Years of Their Fallowing(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Chudecka, Justyna; Tomaszewicz, Tomasz; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of study was to compare of chemical properties (pH, sorption properties, content of humus, Al+3, H+, available forms of Mg, P, K) of Brunic Arenosols (typical rusty soils) from time of their agricultural use and after 11 years of their fallowing. Properties were determined by methods commonly applicable in soil science. It was found that fallowed soils contained significantly higher amount of humus than those cultivated. Fallowing period favored the acidification of soils, but this process occurred with different intensity in soil profile, depending on grain composition. Acidification process was associated with decrease of base capacity (BC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation (BS) and increase of content of exchangeable aluminum and hydrogen forms. Fallowed soils contained a higher content of available magnesium and phosphorus than arable soils, while amount of available potassium was comparable.Pozycja Open Access Effect of Crop Variety and Covering Plants on Formation of Biochemical Parameters of Chinese Cabbage (Brassica Chinensis Juslen.)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Bychowiec, Katarzyna; Smolik, Beata; Słodkowski, Paweł; Auriga, Alicja; Pelc, Justyna; Sędzik, Maja; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of covers (foil perforated by 100 and 400 holes per 1 m2 and woven polypropylene Argyle P17) and method of cultivation (sowing seed and a base solution) on selected physiological parameters (concentration of carbon dioxide and transpiration) and bio-chemical (concentration of proline and malondialdehyde) in the leaves of two varieties of Chinese cabbage (Yoj-Choy and Green Fortune F1) growing in the field. Cover used in the experiment affected the biochemical parameters studied plants. The highest uptake assimilation was demonstrated in the case of perforated foil 400 holes per 1 m2, whereas the smallest in the case of non-woven polypropylene. The foil also consed the highest level of transpiration. Woven to the greatest extent caused the increase the concentration of proline and malondialdehyde in leaves of cabbage. The highest concentrations of these parameters were found in a Yoi-Choy F1 variety.Pozycja Open Access The Role of Staining Techniques in Seminological Analysis of Mammalian Semen(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Banaszewska, Dorota; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Zdrowowicz, Ewa; Czubaszek, Magdalena; Walczak-Jędrzejowska, Renata; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Institute of Bioengineering and Animal Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Department of Andrology and Reproductive Endocrinology, Medical University in Łódź, PolandThe most important semen parameters are the concentration, motility and morphology of sperm cells. Sperm morphology is regarded as the most reliable parameter for predicting fertility in males. A problem in evaluating sperm morphology and morphometry is the lack of standardization of staining techniques. The staining procedure and reagents used can significantly affect the morphometric parameters of the sperm cell. The use of stains with different pH or osmotic pressure, as well as the duration of the procedure, may influence the shape and size of the sperm, and thus the result of the morphological evaluation of the semen. It is necessary to develop an evaluation procedure for sperm morphology and morphometry that will minimize the changes in the structure of the evaluated semen in relation to the native semen.