Wydanie 328(39)3 2016

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https://oa.zut.edu.pl/handle/20.500.12539/708

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Przeglądaj Wydanie 328(39)3 2016 wg Temat "aktywność enzymatyczna"

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  • Miniatura
    PozycjaOpen Access
    Influence of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) shelterbelts on fractional humus composition and biochemical properties of eroded loess soil
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Futa, Barbara; Institute of Soil Science, Environment Engineering and Management, Lublin University of Life Sciences
    The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of field shelterbelts on fractional humus composition and biochemical properties of loess soil in the area highly threatened by water erosion. To this end, soil samples were collected along three transects situated within 20-year-old black locust (Robinia pseudacacia L.) shelterbelts. The plantings were established in a loess micro-basin located on arable land. Shelterbelts 1 and 3 are located on the flat hilltop and run north-south whereas shelterbelt 2 is situated along the north-facing slope of 15% at the study site and runs west-east. Overall, 9 soil pits were dug: (i) 3 pits in the central part of each 5 m wide tree strip, and (ii) 6 pits in the adjacent arable fields, with 2 pits at a distance of 2 m and 20 m made for each of 3 plots, perpendicularly to the shelterbelt edges, west of shelterbelts 1 and 2, and south of shelterbelt 3. The shelterbelts had a significant influence on soil organic carbon sequestration and humification progress. Carbon contents of humic substances and fulvic acids as well as values of humic to fulvic acid ratios were higher in the soil under the locust trees than in the soil from the arable field. The carbon content of humic substances and fulvic acids decreased with increasing distance from the tree-planted sites. The increase in soil organic carbon levels in the soil from the shelterbelts led to positive changes in the activity of the enzymes studied (i.e. dehydrogenases, phosphatases, proteases, and urease) catalyzing the most important processes of soil organic matter transformations. Compared to the arable soil, the soil under Robinia pseudacacia had higher enzyme activities decreasing significantly with distance from the tree strips. This confirms a positive impact of agroforestry system on soil biology.
  • Miniatura
    PozycjaOpen Access
    Presence of microorganisms of selected enzyme groups in various stages of poultry waste compost formation Part II. Substrate: protein, fat, and starch
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Wrońska, Ilona; Cybulska, Krystyna; Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
    The increasing production of poultry meat makes the amount of associated waste proportionately increases. The difficulty arises with the management of this material type, because of its heterogeneous nature and present contaminants. Therefore, the utilization of poultry waste materials is very troublesome and is associated with large financial inputs. A good solution might be the introduction of microorganisms having high enzymatic activity in order to optimize the process of management of arduous waste mass and making it more environmentally friendly. The aim of the study was to determine the number of microorganisms capable of degrading the protein, starch and fat in a variety of waste materials derived from the poultry slaughter and its management (sludge, sediment from biological sewage treatment plant, proper compost). Test samples came from the composting facility within the poultry processing plant in Western Poland. The materials have been subjected to microbiological analysis on selective media, according to recommendations. Based on achieved results, it was found that all of the tested waste products were colonized by enzymatic microorganisms. The predominant number of microorganisms was found in sludge from the reservoir for liquid waste, while the smallest population was detected in the proper compost. An outstanding group of physiological microorganisms were microorganisms capable of fat degrading.
  • Miniatura
    PozycjaOpen Access
    The use of enzymatic tests for quality assessment of soils in remedied post-industrial areas
    (Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Futa, Barbara; Institute of Soil Science, Environment Engineering and Management, Lublin University of Life Sciences
    In this study, communicative enzymatic indicators were applied to assess the quality of soils in remedied post-industrial areas. The research encompassed soils at the former railway grounds in Lublin and Radom, and soils at the ZA Puławy SA site and at the ZE Dolna Odra SA ash dumpsite in Nowe Czarnowo. The study revealed high biological inactivation in these post- -railway areas. In the case of soils near the site of ZA Puławy SA and at the ash dumpsite in Nowe Czarnowo, the results obtained indicate that the utilised reclamation systems have been effective. The suggested communicative indicators, reflecting the metabolism of the soil ecosystem, enable quick assessment of the quality and health of the soils, as well as quantification of the ecological effects of the utilised remediation systems or protection programs for post-industrial area ecosystems.