Wydanie 316(33)1 2015
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Pozycja Open Access Effects of Cadmium and Salinity-Sodicity on Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity with Reference to Ecological Importance of Soil Pollution(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Telesiński, Arkadiusz; Stręk, Michał; Śnioszek, Martyna; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the study was to determine the changes of the acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in the soil caused by the presence of cadmium and NaCl. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory condition, on soil samples taken from the arable-humus horizon of Gumieniecka Plain black earths. Granulometric composition of this soil was sandy loam. The organic carbon content was 1.09%, total nitrogen content was 0.14% and pH in 1 M KCl 6.81. Various concentrations of Cd(NO3)2 and NaCl were introduced to soil samples. The amount of cadmium added to the soil was 0, 1, 5 and 25 mg Cd2+ · kg–1 , and the amount of NaCl was 0 and 0.5% of soil weight. On day 1, 7, 14, 28 , 56 and 112 alkaline and acid phosphatase activity was determined spectrophotometrically. The obtained results are converted with respect to the enzyme activity in the soil controls (assuming it to be 100%) and given as percent of inhibition. The results were shown as environmental danger zones graphs. The activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase changed significantly after addition of cadmium and sodium chloride to the soil. Both, cadmium and salinity of the soil, caused inhibition of phosphatase activity, which increased with enhancing concentration of metals in the soil. Sodium chloride intensified the negative effect of cadmium on phosphatase activity in the soil. Observed inactivation of phosphatases caused by 25 mg Cd2+ · kg–1 of Cd ranged, on the graphs of ecological danger zones, in the area of critical values, which may indicate that cadmium disturbs the metabolism of phosphorus compounds in soil.Pozycja Open Access Dendroflora of Gryfino(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Nowak, Grzegorz; Nowakowska, Małgorzata; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the thesis was to acquaint oneself with the dendroflora of Gryfino. The research was carried out between 2009 and 2010 and in 2013. Out of 279 taxons specified to their as species and a variety, 5.0% are plants of European origin, 22.6% – plants occurring naturally in Europe and outside of Europe, 15.0% are plants of Asian origin, 11.8% – plants occurring naturally in North America, 4.7% are hybrids, and 40.9% – domesticated plants (cultivars). Out of trees and shrubs rarely cultivated in Poland, there are for example Abies grandis, Abies procera ‘Glauca’, Picea omorika ‘Pendula’, Cedrus libani subsp. atlantica ‘Pendula’, Pinus ponderosa, Pinus wallichiana, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Cryptomeria japonica, C. japonica ‘Elegans’, Berberis julianae, Berberis verruculosa, Crataegus persimilis ‘Splendens’, Gleditsia triacanthos, Ilex aquifolium, Viburnum ×pragense, Viburnum rhytidophyllum, Catalpa bignonioides, Campsis radicans, Clerodendron trichotomum. There are few trees reaching monumental sizes: 8 gymnosperm trees belonging to 2 taxons and 12 angiosperm trees belonging to 7 taxons.Pozycja Open Access Quality Assessment of Composts and Lettuce from Allotment Gardens of West Pomeranian Voivodeship(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Meller, Edward; Jadczak, Dorota; Strutyński, Wojciech; Lewandowska, Lucyna; Olesiak, Adrian; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe purpose of studies was to determine chemical properties of composts and content of macro- and microelements of butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), cultivar Królowa Majowych, from allotment gardens of West Pomeranian Voivodeship. Chemical analysis included pH, content of organic matter, organic carbon, total nitrogen and total sulphur as well as total amount of macro- and microelements. The assessment of lettuce quality was based on macro-and microelement content in leaf dry matter. A characteristic feature of allotment garden compost is a low content of organic matter and a lower level of macroelements, total nitrogen and carbon, in comparison with the composts from mixed municipal wastes. The majority of composts are mature and stable but C : N ratio turned out to be unfavourable. Heavy metal content in these composts was low, except for one sample with an elevated level of lead. The lettuce cultivated on these composts has poor resources of calcium and phosphorus but optimum content of potassium and magnesium. The lettuce leaves contained a high level of sodium and one sample -an elevated amount of lead.Pozycja Open Access Foetal Mortality in Dogs and Cats not Related to Spontaneous Abortions(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Max, Andrzej; Jurka, Piotr; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, PolandEmbryonic mortality is associated with full resorption of tissues and fluids from the uterine cavity. Foetal mortality usually results in complete or partial abortion. Sometimes, however, dead fetuses and foetal membranes retain in the uterus till term or even longer. There are only scant information in this area, without epidemiological studies. Each new case widens the knowledge of this condition. The objective of the study was to determine the variations of follow-up of foetal mortality in small animals. On the basis of chosen clinical cases coming from gynaecological and obstetric practice the consequences of foetal mortality without a miscarriage were documented. They were listed as follow: total resorption of the embryo/foetus and foetal membranes, resorption of foetal tissues with remaining of foetal membranes, foetal mummification and foetal maceration.Pozycja Open Access Plant Communities on the Flat Ridge of the “Piotrawin” Quarry Located in the Vicinity of Vistula Near Józefów on the Vistula in Opole Lubelskie County(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Department of Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandIn 1998, three years after technical and biological reclamation, 29 relevés were made in the ridge area (the crown of the excavation) of the quarry “Piotrawin”. Two segetal associations were distinguished (Sileno inflatae-Linarietum minoris and Lathyro-Melandrietum noctiflori) as well as one xerothermic grassland association (Inuletum ensifoliae). The communities are floristically very rich. The number of taxa in the individual associations is varied and it ranges from 120 (Lathyro-Melandrietum noctiflori) to 147 (Sileno inflatae-Linarietum minoris). The average number of taxa in a relevé of individual communities is very high and it ranges from 60 to 62. The dominant syntaxon in these communities is Stellarietea mediae, the number of taxa ranges from 26 to 39. Moreover, the communities are characterised by a numerous participation of ruderal communities species (Artemisietea vulgaris), xerothermic grasslands (Festuco-Brometea) and seminatural grasslands (Molinio-Arrhenatheretea). The aforementioned communities have close mutual floristic similarities determined on the basis of the degree of phytosociological stability. High mutual similarity, at the level of 76.8%, is demonstrated by segetal communities. Smaller mutual similarity (72.1%) occurs between Sileno inflatae-Linarietum minoris and Inuletum ensifoliae. After three years, the segetal communities were still dominant in the researched ridge area of the quarry, but during a reconnaissance performed in 2013 a significant floristic transformation of the community was noted, which tends to the infestation of the area with xerothermic grasslands communities species and scrubs of Rhamno-Prunetea class.Pozycja Open Access The New Locality of Ranunculetum Fluitantis Allorge 1922 Plant Community and Species of Rhodophytes in the Myśliborka Stream (The Natura 2000 Site „Ostoja Wkrzańska” Plb 320014)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Kowalski, Wojciech W. A.; Wróbel, Mariola; Banaś-Stankiewicz, Urszula; Komarzewska, Katarzyna; Department of Botany and Nature Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Botany and Nature Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Botany and Nature Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Provincial Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Szczecin, Szczecin, PolandDescribed the border site of Ranunculetum fluitantis Allorge 1922 plant association in the Myśliborka stream documents the new location of "Lowland and foothill rivers with batrachion vegetation communities Ranunculion fluitantis (code – 3260)" in Western Pomerania and in the Natura 2000 site "Ostoja Wkrzańska" PLB 320014. In waters of the stream verified the presence of rare species of hydrophytes positions such as shiny pondweed Potamogeton rutilus and freshwater rhodophytes: Batrachospermum atrum and B. gelatinosum. The occurrence of these taxa in waters of the stream indicates the oligo-and mesotrophic nature of the habitat which confirmed results of hydrochemical analysis of waters.Pozycja Open Access The First Molecular Characterisation of Steinernema Silvaticum Recorded in Poland and its Differentiation from Steinernema Kraussei Using Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) Sequences(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Dzięgielewska, Magdalena; Berdzik, Marcin; Myśków, Beata; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandDuring faunistic studies conducted in north-western Poland on the entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae, species Steinernema silvaticum was identified for the first time in Poland. Nematode species identification, using morphometric methods, is laborious, even for an experienced researcher. S. silvaticum and S. kraussei are defined as “sister taxa” and it is difficult to distinguish these two species. The study is an attempt to differentiate S. silvaticum from S. kraussei using sequencing results of the rDNA – ITS1 and LSU regions. Sequenced regions of ITS1 and LSU had lengths of 490bp and 918bp, respectively. A very high similarity between the S. silvaticum isolate and the isolate of S. kraussei was detected in the case of both sequences (98–99%). There were only two nucleotide differences in ITS1 and two in LSU region, which discriminate the two analysed species.Pozycja Open Access The Response of Festulolium Braunii (K. Richter) A. Camus to the Amount of Seeds Sown and the Llevel of Nitrogen Fertilisation in Cultivation for Seeds(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Czyż, Henryk; Kitczak, Teodor; Faculty of Soil Science, Grassland Science and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Faculty of Soil Science, Grassland Science and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe study was conducted in the years 2008–2011. Two factors were taken into account in the research: I – the amount of seeds sown: 9, 12 and 15 (kg · ha–1) and II – nitrogen dose: 0, 60, 90 and 120 kg · ha–1. The experiment was founded in the spring of 2008, with sowing with a nurse crop – spring barley, on brown soil of brown acidic subtype formed of light clayey sand of glacial origin – IVb soil valuation class. In the autumn of the year when the experiment was founded the following were applied – 80 kg P2O5 · ha–1, 80 kg K2O · ha–1 and 30 kg N · ha–1, and in spring – in the year of complete use, before vegetation, 40 kg K2O · ha–1 was applied and nitrogen fertilisation was replenished up to the amount assumed in the third factor of the research. The results of the study over Festulolium braunii of Sulino cultivar showed that on light soils it is possible to obtain an average seed yield of 13.5 dt · ha–1 – in the first year, 16.1 dt · ha–1 – in the second, and 15.3 dt · ha–1 – in the third year of yielding. The research revealed that when founding a seed orchard by companion planting with spring barley it was recommended to apply the amount of seeds sown of 15 kg · ha–1. On light soils the use of nitrogen fertiliser in doses of 60, 90 and 120 kg · ha–1 caused an increase in Festulolium braunii seed yield in the years of the study on average by 34.9, 46.3 and 53.3% respectively in comparison to the units fertilised only with phosphorus and potassium. The factors used in the research had also a favourable effect on the increased number of spikelets and seeds per inflorescence.Pozycja Open Access The Conservation Requirements of Rare ind Threatened Vascular Plants of Natura 2000 Habitats of the Dolina Płoni i Jezioro Miedwie (Płonia Valley and Miedwie Lake) Special Area of Conservation(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Bacieczko, Wanda; Kaszycka, Emilia; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, PolandThe Dolina Płoni i Jezioro Miedwie (Płonia Valley and Miedwie Lake) PLH 320006 is one of the most valuable Natura 2000 sites in West Pomerania. It has been established to protect 17 types of natural habitats, 2 plant species, and 4 animal species. The aim of this study was the selection of the most valuable vascular plant species found in this site. From the 745 species recorded within the research area, 93 taxa of high environmental value have been chosen. Among them, there are legally protected species, as well as the taxa endangered with extinction perspective, vulnerable and rare to Poland and West Pomerania. More than a half of the valuable species constitute the indicators of natural habitats protected in the site. The most numerous are the species characteristic for natural and semi-natural grassland habitats. The major threats to the selected taxa include: eutrophication, improper water management, secondary succession caused by the abandonment of traditional agricultural methods, and simplification of the age- and species-structure of woods, which all result in the decrease of habitats biological diversity.Pozycja Open Access Physical Traits of Insemination Boar Ejaculates Depending on the Time from previous Ejaculate Collection(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2015) Adamiak, Agnieszka; Kondracki, Stanisław; Wysokińska, Anna; Bajena, Magdalena; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, Poland; Department of Animal Reproduction and Hygiene, University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Siedlce, PolandThe experimental material consisted of 52 805 ejaculates obtained from 335 boars. The ejaculates were collected using the gloved-hand technique. Each ejaculate was assessed using standard methods for the following physical traits: volume, sperm concentration, total number of spermatozoa, and number of insemination doses per ejaculate. The collected materials were grouped according to the criterion of the time from previous collection of ejaculates. The time elapsed from the collection of the previous ejaculate significantly affects the physical traits of ejaculates. Ejaculate volumes, sperm concentrations and the total numbers of spermatozoa in the ejaculates rise along with increasing time intervals from previous ejaculate collections. The numbers of insemination doses prepared from a single ejaculate also rise. The highest increase in the numbers of spermatozoa in the produced ejaculates and in the numbers of insemination doses prepared from the ejaculates is observed after extending the time interval from the previous collection to 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 and more days. After three or fewer days from the previous collection, high ejaculate collection frequency results in low numbers of spermatozoa in the produced ejaculates and low numbers of insemination doses prepared from the ejaculates.