1960, Nr 3
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Pozycja Open Access Wstępna charakterystyka oddziaływania erozji wodnej na fizyko-chemiczne właściwości gleb w strefie moreny czołowej na Pojezierzu Pomorskim(1960) Chudecki, Zygmunt; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Katedra GleboznawstwaIn his paper the author has given an introductary characteristic of the physical as well as chemical properties of soils in the eroded area of the Pommeranian Lake District. Field investigations were carried out in the autumn of 1957 r. These included the cutting and describing of soil exposures in six slopes selected for the purpose, the taking of soil samples from the various horizons in the profiles, measurment of pulpiness of the humus horizon, at intervals of 5 m, along the rising stretch of the slopes concerned, measurment of lenght and grade of the rising of the slopes as well as taking of surface soil samples. The samples taken helped to deter mine the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The results obtained have been shown on Tables III—XIII. Three out of the six selected slopes are being covered with permanent flora (a 50 years old beech-wood- Profile „F”, and a nearly 13 years old pasture flora —Profiles „B”> „C”) On the three remaining slopes the soil is agricultural land. The selected slopes are similar with regard to soil (produced from diluvial clay) and show no marked differences on the rising stretches. Drawings 1—6. The examined physico-chemical properties of the soils have been dealt with in close connexion with the relief of the area concerned. The results of the investigations show that the definite properties of soils were formed in accordance with the relief and the kind of usage the land had been put to. 1. The pulpiness of the humus, horizon of soils from the rising stretches and tops is markeddy smaller as compared with the soils from the foot of the slopes. The differences between soils from rising stretches and the soils from the foot of slopes amount: on cultivated land to 51 cm., on 13 years old turf land to 50 cm., and on land covered with a 50 years old beechwooid to 26 cm. 2. The humus horizon of the investigated soils is less rich in some nutritional ingredients soluble in 20% HCL in comparison with the deeper horizons; the amounts of potassium К are nearly 2,6 times, of magnesium almost 5 times, of lime nearly 10 times, and of P2 O5 almost 3 times less as the amounts found in the deeper horizons. 3. The soils on rising stretches of slopes, on tops, and the foot of slopes differ from one another in several physical properties: in ground depressions their per meability is at its highest, they have there the greatest cappillary water capacity and the ability of promotng the capillary upward movement of water. 4. The best physical properties have woodlands. 5. The present set of morphological characteristics, and physico-chemical pro perties of the investigated soils permits to divide them into three following complexes a) Soils on tops are mostly of podzolic character b) Soils on rising stretches of slopes resemble brown soils (Braunerde) c) Soils tat the foot of slopes of undefined type, in some places in layers, in other places they show the characteristics of chernozem (black sarth). The variability of the determined properties of soil in undulating land, is evidence of the differentiation of its fertility.Pozycja Open Access Zawartość błonnika i kwasu askorbinowego w rzodkiewce (Raphanus sativus , v. Radicola ) oraz jego straty w zależności od warunków przechowania(1960) Warzecha, Antoni; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Katedra Technologii RolnejInvestigations have been made on two ground-varieties of radish („Icicle” and „Scarlet white-pointed”) where the contents of astringent and the vitamin C losses were determined as influenced by storing conditions. The samples of radish were placed: in a freezer at a temperature of: +1°C; in a vessel with water at 4-16°C; in dwelling rooms at a temp, of + 20°C. The vitamin C losses in each of the samples of radish were determined after 3 hours’ storing. The results as shown in Table No 1 are proving that the „Icicle” variety of radish contains more Vitamin C than the variety called „Round Scarlet white-pointed”. There is a similar situation regarding the astringent contents in radish without or with peel. The results, as seen in Table No 2, show that the lowest losses of Vitamin C occurred when storing radish in a freezer, ąnd apparently the highest ones in dwelling rooms. Investigating the influence of salting with sodium chloride on Vitamin-C con tents, it came to evidence that in a salted product there were lower losses of Vitamin-C than in the non-seted product (s. Table No 3).Pozycja Open Access Warunki kontraktacji warzyw gruntowych w latach 1950—1957 na przykładzie województwa szczecińskiego i krakowskiego(1960) Wątorski, Józef; Wyzsza szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Katedra Ekonomii PolitycznejThe introductory part of the article gives the general characteristic of vege table production, turnover and comsuption in Poland. Proceeding to the problem of vegetable contracting in the after — war period the author discussed its aims and tasks, emphasized the differences in comparison with contracting of industrial plants. The detailed discussion of economical incentives of production and supply in crease began with the presentation of the role of contract advance. Then there were discussed successively: exchange factors of corn and potatoes, deduction of area during the distribution of the obligatory supplies, tax relieves for the contracting people, and minimal prices, prices of the buying up and pecuniary premiums for the vegetable suppliers. After the presention of changes, to which the aforesaid in strumentals of material interest were subjected in the years 1950—1957, the author analysed their economical efficacy for the development of production and buying up and the raising up hectare productiveness. The second part of the article discusses the so called productive assistance, given to the planters in the frames of contracting. The author presented the connexion between the provision of particular means of production, which were scarce during the 6-year plan period, and the size of supply in the socialized buying up. On the background of presented in detail forms of the productive assistance (fertilizers, seeds, supply of building materials etc.) there was done the analysis of the effectiveness of industry-agriculture exchange, based on the principle of distribution but free market. The further part of the article presents the role of the fine non performance in realisation of contracting agreement in the conditions of global preponderance of seller’s market at buying up. In the summing up there were analysed the positive and negative result of purchasing organisation. On the basis of these researches the author formulated the conclusions to the address of the Harticultural Cooperative Society established in 1957 and local and central authorities realizing directives of agricultural policy and also those of whom further model changes depend in the trade.Pozycja Open Access Wstępne badania nad szkodami gradowymi w rolnictwie na terenie Polski w okresie lat 1946-1952(1960) Koźmiński, Czesław; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Katedra Meteorologii RolniczejThe work which has already been done can de divided into two parts. Firstly the author discussed the hail phenomenataking into consideration, the area yearly and daily frequencies of hail falls in Poland, the frequency above all of hail in Poland in the period 1946—1952, according to the size of the hailstones and the area of distribution. Secondly he discussed the damage caused by hail to corn, root-crops, vegetables and orchards. The work is based on the published material by P.J.H.M. in Hail in Poland” during the period of 1946—1952 and the observation material from some tens of metereological stations during the period of 1946—1957 and representing particular physiological regions of the country. To elaborate the majority of drawn tables and maps the period from IV to the IX was regarded as the vegetation plant cultivation period during which heavy hail fales can cause damage to agriculture. On the basis of the gathered materials the author distinguished four very distinct regions of hail damage to agriculture in Poland. The first region with a small degree of hail damage to agriculture fluctuating averagely from 1 to 10 per cent of yield risk. This region comprises most of the districts of Szczecin, Koszalin, Zielona Góra and Gdańsk, and several districts of the nieighbouring regions that is to say — Warsaw and Wrocław. The second region with an average degree of hail damage to agriculture which fluctuates averagely from 10—15 per cent of yield risk comprises the whole of the centre of Poland and two isolated islands in the West Pomeranian territory. The third region with a large degree of hail damage to the agriculture which has averaged from 16—20 per cent of yield risk a year. This region comprises the majority of districts of Wrocław and Opole, also the districts of Katowice, Kielce and Lublin provinces, and several districts of Bialystok an Poznań. The fourth region with a very heavy degree of hail damage to agriculture which has more thut 2O°/o of yield risk a year. This region comprises several mountainous districts such a: Nowy Targ, Nowy Sącz, Gorlice, Limanowa, Bochnia, Myślenice, Wadowice and Sucha and several districts in the Lublin province such as: Zamość, Krasnystaw, Bychowa, Lublin and Bełżyce.Pozycja Open Access Wartość pokarmowa kiszonki ze słomy z kukurydzy w żywieniu krów mlecznych(1960) Seidler, Stefan; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Katedra Żywienia ZwierzątThe test has been made with the Friesian cows (the lowland blackwhite breed). Twenty experimental animals were divided into two groups evened with regard to milkiness, fat percentage in milk and live weight. The beasts of first group during the entire experiment and the animals of the second group in the first and third stages were receiving hay, ensilage of sugar beet leaves and concentrated feeds (rape-cake, wheat bran and dried sugar factory residue). The second experimental group in the second stage was receiving the ensilage of maize straw in stead of the ensilaged sugar beet leaves. The maize straw of Vigor strain was used in the experiment. It was cut into pieces of 3 cm length. It was ensilaged in permanent reservoirs when its dry matter was higher than 3O°/o then it was sprinkled with water. The daily rations of the silages of sugar beet leaves and of maize straw were the same (30 kg) during the whole period of the experiment just as hay (6 kg). The quantity of the concentrated fodder was changing individually. In order to define a real nourishing value of the feeds used jointly in the experiment the tests of digestibility coefficients were carried out on 2-year heifers. The digestibility coefficients were defined according to the classical method. The digestibility ceofficients of the fodder used together, which were obtained due to the author's own researches, were not in conformity with the calculated ones on the basis of the literature data, in both groups the real digestibility of fibre apperaed to be higher, yet of protein lower. The closest data were obtained for non-nitrogenous extracts. Using-up of the fodder expressed in protein and units in feeding with the feeds given together with the ensilaged maize straw were nearly the same as in feeding with the ensilaged sugar beet leaves. The introduction of the ensilaged maize straw to the rations indeed reduced insignificantly the milk productiveness however it was recompensed with the increase of the fat percentage in milk. The variability analysis did not prove the real differences. During the experiment the cows increased the ir live weight.Pozycja Open Access Recherches comparatives entre le mycotrophisme du Fagetum carpaticum de Babia Góra et celui d’autres Fageta precedemment studies(1960) Boullard, Bernard; Dominik, Tadeusz; De Laboratoire de la Protection de Plantes de L'Ecole Superieure d’Agriculture à Szczecin; Wyzsza Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie.Katedra Ochrony RoślinAutorzy postanowili wspólnie opracować jeden zespól bukowy w Polsce, aby porównać swe poglądy na możliwości badań ekologicznych, oparte o morfologię i anatomię mikoryz. Jako teren badań wybrano pierwotne buczyny na Babiej Górze, zarówno ze względu na ich charakter jak i dlatego, że znajdują się one na terenie Parku Narodowego na Babiej Górze; przy wyborze kierowano się również zewnętrznymi cechami, które stawiają te zespoły między zespołami tatrzańskimi i nadbałtyckimi. Badania zostały przeprowadzone podczas lata 1958 r. Udział w badaniach terenowych wzięli: dr Saturnin Borowiec (gleboznawca), mgr Zofia Zwolińska (botanik), mgr Krystyna Kurpios (meteorolog). Wymienieni wykonali odcinki prac analitycznych, potrzebne dla części opisowej pracy, co zostało zaznaczone w tekście francuskim. Badania przedstawione w niniejszej pracy są zakończeniem badań prowadzonych w zespołach bukowych na terenie Polski. Autorzy dochodzą zgodnie do stwierdzenia faktu, że dalsze wnikanie w szczegóły nie zmieni już ogólnego poglądu na mikotrofizm zespołów bukowych i buka na terenie Polski. W innych krajach, w których buk jest drzewem tworzącym większe kompleksy leśne, byłoby jednakże bardzo pożądane przeprowadzenie badań, które by mogły dać powiązania zmian w mikotrofizmie z różnicami klimatycznymi, które istnieją między ternami przyszłych badań i Polską. Dlatego też w naszej pracy zostały uwzględnione dane klimatyczne i gleboznawcze, gdyż tworzą one podstawę porównawczą dla badań na innych terenach. Udział gatunków mikotroficznych w zespole Fagetum carpaticum na Babiej Górze wynosi 58°/o. Gdyby uwzględnić wszystkie gatunki przytoczone w pracy Walasa, tworzące asocjację zwaną Fagetum carpaticum , to procent gatunków mikotroficznych doszedłby do 63. Przy porównaniu danych tabeli V (o rozwoju mikoryz) z danymi o występowaniu włośników rzuca się w oczy fakt, że masowo tworzą włośniki przeważnie rośliny autotroficzne. co zgadza się ze starą opinią Stahla (1900). Należy dodać, że rośliny tworzące babiogórski zespół buka wyrastały w glebie, która była bardzo jednolita, a więc nie mogła wpływać na różnice w występowaniu włośników. Mikoryzy endotroficzne tolipofagiczne i fyzalido-tamniskofagiczne są bardzo rzadkie w zespole buka na Babiej Górze. Spektrum mikoryzowe buka na Babiej Górze jest prawie identyczne ze spektrum buka z buczyn nadbałtyckich; jest bogatsze w rodzaje mikoryz, co przypisujemy pierwotności i dziewiczości zespołu babiogórskiego. To samo można powiedzieć, porównując spektra buka z Babiej Góry i z Tatr. Rodzaj mikoryz Fc jest najbardziej rozpowszechniony w zespołach bukowych i zawsze spotyka się u egzemplarzy zdrowych i dobrze rozwiniętych. Byłoby rzeczą bardzo pożyteczną zbadać bliżej ten rodzaj mikoryz, aby — poznawszy symbionta grzybowego — znaleźć sposoby na rozpowszechnianie go w buczynach, w których nie ma tego rodzaju mikoryz. W pracy niniejszej po raz pierwszy została opisana mikoryza rodzaju Ah, którą tworzy grzybnia niebiesko-czarnawa. Grzybnia ta, naszym zdaniem, należy do mikoryz tworzonych przez Hypochnus cyanescens, który został opisany przez Peronela (1922). Poza tym pewne cechy mikoryz pozwalają na przypuszczenie, że grzyb ten może być zidentyfikowany z Micelium radicis fagi Chan. Po dokładnym poznaniu mikotrofizmu buka od strony systematyki i ekologii pozostaje obecnie do zbadania strona mikrobiologiczna i zastosowanie tych wiadomości w hodowli lasu.