The Effect of the Cow Upkeep System on Selected Physical Parameters of the Cowshed Microclimate
Ładowanie...
Pliki
Data
2014
Tytuł czasopisma
ISSN czasopisma
Tytuł tomu
Wydawca
Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie
Abstrakt
Porównano wybrane parametry fizyczne mikroklimatu w oborach o zróżnicowanych
systemach utrzymania krów. Materiał badawczy stanowiły 4 obory (A, B, C i D) zlokalizowane
w województwie mazowieckim. W oborach A i B liczba krów była zbliżona (A – 24 krowy,
B – 26 krów). W obiektach tych krowy utrzymywane były w systemie uwięziowym. W oborach
C i D liczba krów wynosiła odpowiednio 100 i 60. W budynkach tych krowy utrzymywano
w systemie wolnostanowiskowym. Przeprowadzone badania obejmowały inwentaryzację
zoohigieniczną obór i ocenę wybranych parametrów fizycznych mikroklimatu w okresach
zimowym i wiosennym. Kubatura pomieszczeń, w przeliczeniu na zwierzę, w obiektach A i B
w niewielkim stopniu odbiegała od zalecanych norm zootechnicznych, natomiast w oborach
C i D wskaźnik ten był przekroczony ponad 5-krotnie. Korzystniejsze warunki mikroklimatyczne
odnotowano w oborach uwięziowych, przy czym lepsze dla dobrostanu krów są obory
wolnostanowiskowe. W oborach wolnostanowiskowych wykazano w okresie zimowym zbyt
małe wartości minimalnej temperatury powietrza w stosunku do norm zoohigienicznych.
Wilgotność względna powietrza w okresie zimowym we wszystkich badanych oborach była
zbliżona (od 70,0 do 88,8%). Zimą w oborach B, C i D prędkość ruchu powietrza mieściła się
w zalecanej normie, natomiast w oborze A wykazano przekroczenie tego parametru (wartości
maksymalne). W budynku A warunki ochładzania w okresach zimy i wiosny odbiegały
minimalnie od zalecanego optimum dla krów mlecznych. Współczynnik oświetlenia naturalnego
(O : P) wynosił od 1 : 7 w oborze D do 1 : 107 w oborze B. W budynku B współczynnik oświetlenia
naturalnego był za niski, spowodowany małą liczbą okien. Stwierdzone w badanych obiektach
natężenie oświetlenia naturalnego i sztucznego było zgodne z normami zootechnicznymi.
The study was aimed at comparing selected physical microclimate parameters in cowsheds with different keeping systems. The experimental material was constituted by four cowsheds (A, B, C and D) located in the Masovian Voivodeship. Cowsheds A and B contained similar numbers of cows (A – 24 heads, B – 26 heads). The cows in these sheds were kept using the stanchion system. Cowsheds C and D contained the following different numbers of cows: 100 and 60 heads. The cows in these sheds were kept in a loose barn system. The study involved zoohygienic inspection of the sheds and an assessment of the selected physical parameters of the microclimate in the winter and spring periods. The cubature of the rooms calculated per one cow in sheds A and B slightly diverged from the recommended zootechnical standards, whereas in sheds C and D, the relevant indices were exceeded more than 5 times. More advantageous microclimatic conditions were found in the stanchion barns. However, as regards cow welfare, loose barns are a better solution. Too low minimal air temperature values were recorded in the loose barns in the winter period in relation to the zoohygienic standards. Relative air humidity in the winter period was similar in all the analysed cowsheds (ranging from 70.0% to 88.8%). In winter, air movement speeds in sheds B, C and D were within the recommended standard range, whereas in cowshed A, the parameter was found to be in excess of the maximal acceptable values. The minimal winter and spring cooling conditions in shed A diverged from the recommended optimum for milk cows. The natural lighting index (O : P) ranged from 1 : 7 in cowshed D to 1 : 107 in cowshed B. In shed B, the index value was too low, due to the building having too few windows. The natural and artificial lighting intensities in the analysed buildings complied with zootechnical standards.
The study was aimed at comparing selected physical microclimate parameters in cowsheds with different keeping systems. The experimental material was constituted by four cowsheds (A, B, C and D) located in the Masovian Voivodeship. Cowsheds A and B contained similar numbers of cows (A – 24 heads, B – 26 heads). The cows in these sheds were kept using the stanchion system. Cowsheds C and D contained the following different numbers of cows: 100 and 60 heads. The cows in these sheds were kept in a loose barn system. The study involved zoohygienic inspection of the sheds and an assessment of the selected physical parameters of the microclimate in the winter and spring periods. The cubature of the rooms calculated per one cow in sheds A and B slightly diverged from the recommended zootechnical standards, whereas in sheds C and D, the relevant indices were exceeded more than 5 times. More advantageous microclimatic conditions were found in the stanchion barns. However, as regards cow welfare, loose barns are a better solution. Too low minimal air temperature values were recorded in the loose barns in the winter period in relation to the zoohygienic standards. Relative air humidity in the winter period was similar in all the analysed cowsheds (ranging from 70.0% to 88.8%). In winter, air movement speeds in sheds B, C and D were within the recommended standard range, whereas in cowshed A, the parameter was found to be in excess of the maximal acceptable values. The minimal winter and spring cooling conditions in shed A diverged from the recommended optimum for milk cows. The natural lighting index (O : P) ranged from 1 : 7 in cowshed D to 1 : 107 in cowshed B. In shed B, the index value was too low, due to the building having too few windows. The natural and artificial lighting intensities in the analysed buildings complied with zootechnical standards.
Opis
Słowa kluczowe
dairy cattle farms, physical parameters of microclimate, upkeep system, welfare animals, dobrostan zwierząt, fermy bydła mlecznego, parametry fizyczne mikroklimatu, systemy utrzymania
Cytowanie
Bombik E., Bombik T., Zbytek J., Polkowska A. (2014). The Effect of the Cow Upkeep System on Selected Physical Parameters of the Cowshed Microclimate. Folia Pomer. Univ. Technol. Stetin., Agric., Aliment., Pisc., Zootech. 312(31), 39–48.