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Pozycja Open Access Comprehensive evaluation of early‑age hydration and compressive strength development in seawater‑mixed binary and ternary cementitious systems(Politechnika Wrocławska , Springer, 2024-04-15) Rahnarajan, Sundar; Cendrowski, Krzysztof; Sibera, Daniel; Sikora, Pawel; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, al. Piastów 50a, 71-311, Szczecin, Poland; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, al. Piastów 50a, 71-311, Szczecin, Poland; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, al. Piastów 50a, 71-311, Szczecin, Poland; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, al. Piastów 50a, 71-311, Szczecin, PolandSeawater-mixed concrete (SWC) is a proposed solution for catering to the needs of developing nations facing extremely severe water stress. Recent research works advocate the feasibility of producing SWC by adding supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) and alternative reinforcements without reducing the engineering properties of the same. However, limited information is available for optimising the type and amount of SCMs in binary and ternary blended SW-mixed cementitious systems for achieving desirable strength development and early-age hydration. A comprehensive study to understand the evolution of heat of hydration and strength up to 28 days was conducted on 31 binder compositions mixed with both fresh water (FW) and seawater (SW). Fly ash, slag, metakaolin, and limestone are the supplementary cementitious materials used with CEM I as a primary binder at a replacement level between 10 and 70%. Isothermal calorimetry results revealed an increase in total heat of hydration and a reduction in setting time with SW-mixed cement pastes compared to their FW-mixed counterparts. Similarly, a significant increase in strength between 0 and 50% was observed in SW-mixed cement pastes. Suitable binder combinations showing an increase in compressive strength and not a significant reduction in strength compared to the CEM I reference mix were identified using the strength improvement factor approach. Binary and ternary blended cementitious, consisting of fly ash, slag, and metakaolin at different replacement levels, are amongst the chosen binder combinations.Pozycja Open Access Structural Failures 2022. Vademecum. Monograph, prevention, diagnostics, repairs, reconstructions.(Zarząd Główny PZITB, 2024) Błyszko, Jarosław editor; Adamczewski, Grzegorz; Bednarski , Łukasz; Bińczyk, Mikołaj; Błyszko , Jarosław; Brol, Janusz; Buda-Ożóg, Lidia; Chomacki, Leszek; Czeszyński , Michał; Drobiec, Łukasz; Drozd, Wojciech; Dybeł, Piotr; Fedorczuk-Cisak, Małgorzata; Godlewska, Agata; Godlewski, Tomasz; Gołdyn, Tomasz; Gotowski, Marek; Grzyb, Krzysztof; Hebda, Lesław; Hoła, Bożena; Hoła, Jerzy; Howiacki, Tomasz; Hulimka, Jacek; Jóźwik, Radosław; Juszczyk, Artur; Kalitowski, Przemysław; Kapłański, Grzegorz; Kawulok, Marian; Kłos, Kaja; Kołodziejczyk, Ewelina; Korentz, Jacek; Kowalczyk, Grzegorz; Kozieł, Krzysztof; Koziński, Krzysztof; Kozłowski, Marcin; Krawczyk, Łukasz; Król , Paweł; Krupa, Jakub; Kubica, Jan; Kucharska, Milena; Kurtz-Orecka, Karolina; Kwiecień, Arkadiusz; Kwiecień, Sławomir; Łukowski, Paweł; Majewski, Tomasz; Marcinowski, Jakub; Maślakowski, Maciej; Matyl, Marcin; Matysek, Piotr; Mieszkowski, Radosław; Niedostatkiewicz, Maciej; Nikodem, Damian; Nowogońska, Beata; Nykiel, Damian; Ostańska, Anna; Owczarska, Kamila; Paczkowski, Wiesław; Piekarczuk, Artur; Piertraszak, Paweł; Pisarek, Zdzisław; Radziszewska-Zielina, Elżbieta; Rakoczy, Anna; Rusek, Janusz; Ryżyński , Władysław; Sadowski, Łukasz; Sakharov, Volodymyr; Sekunda, Radosław; Sieńko, Rafał; Sieńkowska, Katarzyna; Skibicki, Szymon; Słowik, Leszek; Steidl, Tomasz; Szczotka, Józef; Szer, Iwona; Szer, Jacek; Szmigiera, Elżbieta; Szojda, Leszek; Świątek-Żołyńska, Sylwia; Urban, Tadeusz; Wandzik , Grzegorz; Waśniewski, Tomasz; Wdowiak-Postulak, Agnieszka; Węglorz, Marek; Wiluś, Damian; Wiśniewski, Kacper; Wiśniowski, Maciej; Włodarczyk, Kamil; Wojnar, Andrzej; Woyciechowski, Piotr; Wróblewski, Tomasz; Zając, Jakub; Zgorzelski, Bartłomiej; Zięba, Joanna; Żółtowski, Krzysztof; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Budownictwa i Inżynierii Środowiska; Politechnika Warszawska; AGH Universty of Scienceand Technology in Krakow; Gdansk University of Technology; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Budownictwa i Inżynierii Środowiska; Politechnika Śląska; Politechnika Rzeszowska; Building Research Institute; BARG Centrum Sp.z o.o.; Silesian University of Technology; Politechnika Krakowska; AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza; Politechnika Krakowska; Construction Sp. z o.o.; Building Research Institute; Lodz University of Technology; SHM System Sp. z o.o., Sp. kom.; Silesian University of Technology; Doradca Techniczny Dorota Hebda; Wroclaw University of Science and Technology; Politechnika Wrocławska; Cracow University of Technology; Silesian University of Technology; Construction Sp. z o.o.; University of Zielona Góra; Gdansk University of Technology; Arinet sp. z o.o. Gliwice; Building Research Institute; TPA Sp. z o.o.; Politechnika Łódzka; University of Zielona Góra; Arinet sp. z o.o. Gliwice; Optimal Design of Structures Krzysztof Kozieł; Cracow University of Technology; Silesian University of Technology; Lodz University of Technology; Warsaw University of Technology; Building Research Institute; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Budownictwa i Inżynierii Środowiska; AGH Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza; Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydział Budownictwa i Inżynierii Środowiska; Cracow University of Technology; Silesian University of Technology; Politechnika Warszawska; Gdansk University of Technology; University of Zielona Góra; Warsaw University of Technology; Optimal Design of Structures Krzysztof Kozieł; Cracow University of Technology; Warsaw University; Gdansk University of Technology; BARG Centrum Sp. z o.o.; Uniwersytet Zielonogórski; Politechnika Rzeszowska; Lublin University of Technology; Politechnika Warszawska; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Building Research Institute; SHM System Sp. z o.o., Sp. kom.; Rzeszow University of Technology; Politechnika Krakowska; Politechnika Warszawska; Building Research Institute; State Vocational University in Suwałki; Politechnika Wrocławska; University of Zielona Góra; Mazovian District Chamber of Civil Engineers; Cracow University of Technology; Politechnika Rzeszowska; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Building Research Institute; Politechnika Śląska; F.U.I. Józef Szczotka; Lodz University of Technology; Lodz University of Technology; Politechnika Warszawska; Silesian University of Technology; Gdansk University of Technology; Lodz University of Technology; Silesian University of Technology; Politechnika Łódzka; Politechnika Świętokrzyska; Politechnika Śląska; SHM System Sp. z o.o., Sp. kom.; Construction Sp. z o.o.; Silesian University of Technology; Arinet sp. z o.o. Gliwice; Rzeszow University of Technology; Politechnika Warszawska; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Silesian University of Technology; Politechnika Łódzka; Politechnika Rzeszowska; Gdansk University of TechnologyPozycja Open Access Functional Bi2O3/Gd2O3 Silica-Coated Structures for Improvement of Early Age and Radiation Shielding Performance of Cement Paste(MDPI, 2024-01-12) Cendrowski, Krzysztof; Federowicz, Karol; Techman, Mateusz; Chougan, Mehdi; El-Khayatt, Ahmed M.; Saudi, H.A.; Kędzierski, Tomasz; Mijowska, Ewa; Strzałkowski, Jarosław; Sibera, Daniel; Abd Elrahman, Mohamed; Sikora, Pawel; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Department of Physics, College of Science; Brunel University London, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Nuclear Research Centre, Reactor Physics Department; Al-Azhar University, Women Branch, Nasr City Faculty of Science. Department of Physics,; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering. Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry.; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering. Department of Nanomaterials Physicochemistry.; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Mansoura University, Mansoura City. Structural Engineering Department; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Faculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThis study presents a new approach towards the production of sol-gel silica-coated Bi2O3/Gd2O3 cement additives towards the improvement of early mechanical performance and radiation attenuation. Two types of silica coatings, which varied in synthesis method and morphology, were used to coat Bi2O3/Gd2O3 structures and evaluated as a cement filler in Portland cement pastes. Isothermal calorimetry studies and early strength evaluations confirmed that both proposed coating types can overcome retarded cement hydration process, attributed to Bi2O3 presence, resulting in improved one day compressive strength by 300% and 251% (depending on coating method) when compared to paste containing pristine Bi2O3 and Gd2O3 particles. Moreover, depending on the type of chosen coating type, various rheological performances of cement pastes can be achieved. Thanks to the proposed combination of materials, both gamma-rays and slow neutron attenuation in cement pastes can be simultaneously improved. The introduction of silica coating resulted in an increment of the gamma-ray and neutron shielding thanks to the increased probability of radiation interaction. Along with the positive early age effects of the synthesized structures, the 28 day mechanical performance of cement pastes was not suppressed, and was found to be comparable to that of the control specimen. As an outcome, silica-coated structures can be successfully used in radiation-shielding cement-based composites, e.g. with demanding early age performances.Pozycja Open Access Enhancing the Fresh and Early Age Performances of Portland Cement Pastes via Sol-Gel Silica Coating of Metal Oxides (Bi2O3 and Gd2O3)(MDPI, 2023) Cendrowski, Krzysztof; Federowicz, Karol; Techman, Mateusz; Chougan, Mehdi; Kędzierski, Tomasz; Sanytsky, Myroslav; Mijowska, Ewa; Sikora, Paweł; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Poland; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Poland; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Poland; Brunel University London. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,UK; West Pomeranian University of Technology. Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering. Poland; Lviv Polytechnic National University. Department of Building Production; West Pomeranian University of Technology. Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering,; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, PolandIncorporating metal oxide nanoparticles into cement-based composites delays the hydration process and strength gain of cementitious composites. This study presents an approach toward improving the performance of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) particles in cementitious systems by synthesizing core–shell structures via a sol-gel process. Two types of silica coatings on cementitious pastes with 5% and 10% substitution levels were proposed. The rheology, hydration, and mechanical properties of the pastes were analyzed to determine the relationship between the coating type and nanoparticle concentration. The results indicate that despite the significant disparities in the performance of the resulting material, both methods are appropriate for cement technology applications. Bi2O3’s silica coatings accelerate the hydration process, leading to early strength development in the cement paste. However, due to the coarse particle size of Gd2O3, silica coatings exhibited negligible effects on the early age characteristics of cement pastes.Pozycja Open Access Seawater-mixed concretes containing natural and sea sand aggregates – A review(Elsevier BV, 2023) Rathnarajan, Sundar; Sikora, Paweł; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin. Faculty of Civil and Environmental EngineeringIn light of global warming and the rising urban population across the world, freshwater is becoming a scarce commodity. Freshwater consumption in the production of concrete makes up a significant (9%) share of total freshwater withdrawal for industrial purposes. Among the alternative sources of water for concrete production, seawater involves minimal processing, besides screening debris with filters. Other options, such as the use of wastewater from industrial effluent or desalination of hard waters, require a significant amount of energy, which add to overall concrete production emissions. Many efforts have been made by researchers in the last decades to understand the behaviour of seawater-mixed and sea sand concretes (SW-SS). The present work evaluates the early-age hydration, fresh, mechanical, and durability performance of SW-SS concretes and the corrosion characteristics of embedded reinforcement in them. The authors also summarize mitigation measures recommended in the literature for improving the anti-corrosion performance of SW-SS concretes, by partial substitution of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), the inclusion of alternative reinforcements (such as stainless steel and fibre reinforced polymer bars), the incorporation of corrosion inhibitors, and the adaptation of cathodic prevention measures. Finally, the article highlights the possible challenges to, opportunities for and potential applications of SW-SS concretes in the near future, so as to combat the freshwater crisis in nations suffering severe water stress.Pozycja Open Access Seawater-Mixed Lightweight Aggregate Concretes with Dune Sand, Waste Glass and Nanosilica: Experimental and Life Cycle Analysis(Springer Nature, 2023-08-01) Sikora, Pawel; Afsar, Levent; Rathnarajan, Sundar; Nikravan, Morteza; Chung, Sang-Yeop; Stephan, Dietmar; Abd Elrahman, Mohamed; Technische Universität Berlin, Germany; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Technische Universität Berlin, Germany; West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Technische Universität Berlin, Germany; Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Technische Universität Berlin, Germany; Mansoura University, Mansoura, EgyptThe use of alternative and locally available materials is encouraged in the construction industry to improve its sustainability. Desert regions with shortages in freshwater and river sand as fine aggregates in concrete have to search for alternative materials such as seawater, dune sand, and waste glass powder to produce lightweight concretes. The potential negative effects of adding these alternative materials can be reduced by adding nanosilica to the cementitious system at very low quantities. This study evaluates the feasibility of using these alternative materials and nanosilica (NS) in producing lightweight aggregate concretes (LWACs). A systematic study was carried out to understand the synergistic effect of nanosilica and seawater in improving the hydration characteristics of the developed cementitious systems. Also, the effect of these alternative materials on the fresh properties of the cementitious system was assessed by slump flow tests. The evolution of compressive strength at early ages was investigated after 2, 7, and 28 days of moist curing and an improvement in the strength development in concretes with seawater was observed. Furthermore, the integrity of the developed LWACs was analyzed using oven-dry density, thermal conductivity, water porosity and shrinkage measurements. Moreover, the capillary porosity and sorptivity measurements revealed the denser microstructure in the nano-modified seawater lightweight concretes. In the end, the life-cycle assessment study calculated the benefit of alternative materials in terms of carbon footprint and water consumption. As an outcome, a sustainable solution for producing LWACs containing seawater, dune sand or glass powder was proposed.Pozycja Open Access Development of 3D printed heavyweight concrete (3DPHWC) containing magnetite aggregate(Elsevier BV, 2023) Federowicz, Karol; Techman, Mateusz; Skibicki, Szymon; Chougan, Mehdi; El-Khayatt, Ahmed M.; Saudi, H.A.; Błyszko, Jarosław; Abd Elrahman, Mohamed; Chung, Sang-Yeop; Sikora, Pawel; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Reactor Physics Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Women Branch, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt; Structural Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura City 35516, Egypt; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of KoreaThe main objective of this study is to develop 3D printed heavyweight concrete (3DPHWC) to produce elements with a dry density of up to 3500 kg/m3 by replacing natural aggregate (SA) with magnetite aggregate (MA) up to 100%. A comprehensive systematic study was conducted to thoroughly assess mixtures' mechanical properties, physical proficiency, fresh properties, and printing qualities. The inclusion of MA exhibited the desired fresh properties required for 3D printing and promising physical and mechanical properties. Evaluation of the mechanical properties of designed 3DPHWC indicates that replacing SA with MA increases both cast and printed samples' strengths. The 3D printed M100 sample achieved higher 28 days flexural and compressive strengths by 18 % and 20 %, respectively, compared to printed control mix (M0). Micro-CT study correspondingly demonstrated improvements in the composites' porosity, pore size, and pore morphologies. The linear attenuation coefficients (LACs) and half-value layer (HVLs) for slow neutron and gamma-ray were measured to assess radiation shielding characteristics. A significant performance improvement was obtained for slow neutrons by introducing the magnetite aggregate. Unlike slow neutrons, no significant difference was observed between cast and printed samples against γ-rays. Moreover, the effect of porosity on the shielding performance was discussed.Pozycja Open Access Rheological, Mechanical, Microstructural and Radiation Shielding Properties of Cement Pastes Containing Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles(Springer Nature, 2023-01) Sikora, Pawel; El-Khayatt, Ahmed M.; Saudi, H.A.; Liard, Maxime; Lootens, Didier; Chung, Sang-Yeop; Woliński, Paweł; Abd Elrahman, Mohamed; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Women Branch, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt; Sika AG, Switzerland; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Collegium Mazovia Innovative School, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; Structural Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura City 35516, EgyptThis work examines the influence of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) on neutron and gamma-ray radiation shielding characteristics of Portland cement paste. Experimental evaluations were supplemented with theoretical studies using NXCom program. Portland cement pastes with 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 wt% of nanomagnetite cement replacement were produced. Moreover, rheological, early strength development, compressive strength, and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests were performed. The results showed that increasing the amount of Fe3O4 NPs in a mix leads to a gradual increment in measured viscosity and yield stress. High nano-Fe3O4 content substantially impeded the early strength development process and led to a decrement in the 7- and 28-day compressive strength of cement paste. The MIP studies exhibited a gradual increment in total porosity, and average pore volume, as nano-Fe3O4 content was increased. All the macroscopic cross-sections of slow, fast and thermal neutrons constantly increased as a result of the addition of magnetite nanoparticles, with their variations being markedly linear. Similarly, gamma attenuation test results indicated that the addition of Fe3O4 powder enhances the shielding capability of paste in the energy range of interest (0.08–2.614 MeV). In conclusion, Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be successfully used in producing lead-free cementitious composites with improved gamma-ray and neutron shielding properties. However, certain drawbacks related to an increment in matrix porosity and thus a decrement in mechanical performance should be taken into account.Pozycja Open Access A systematic experimental study on biochar-cementitious composites: Towards carbon sequestration(Elsevier BV, 2022-05-26) Sikora, Paweł; Woliński, Paweł; Chougan, Mehdi; Madraszewski, Szymon; Węgrzyński, Wojciech; Papis, Bartłomiej K.; Federowicz, Karol; Ghaffar, Seyed Hamidreza; Stephan, Dietmar; Department of Civil Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin 13355, Germany; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 70-311 Szczecin, Poland; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Collegium Mazovia Innovative School, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; Building Research Institute (ITB), 00-611 Warsaw, PolandThe utilisation of biochar, the carbon negative product of pyrolysis, reduces the carbon footprint of the cementitious composites as it possesses the potential to replace the consumption of Portland cement. In a systematic investigation, biochar was used as a partial cement replacement for up to 20 wt% in both cement pastes and mortars. A comprehensive experimental framework was conducted to evaluate the impact of biochar replacement on the performance of (i) cement paste in terms of hydration kinetics, rheology, strength development, porosity, and (ii) mortars in terms of mechanical, thermal, and transport properties. In addition, the durability of developed mortars, including freezing and thawing resistance, thermal resistance, acid (corrosion) resistance, flammability, and smoke production, were examined. The results revealed that lower replacement rates of cement with biochar (up to 5 wt%) do not substantially change the performance of cementitious composites. However, incorporating biochar in higher dosages (i.e., 20 wt%) influenced the hydration process, reduced flexural and compressive strengths by 49% and 29%, respectively, and increased the water absorption coefficient by 60% compared to control specimens. The same cement mortar demonstrated the most promising freeze-thaw (i.e., 98% relative residual compressive strength), acid resistance as well as considerably lower thermal conductivity. In addition, regardless of biochar content, mortars did not exhibit flammability. Therefore, this study demonstrated that despite specific technical issues, biochar can be successfully incorporated into high dosage to cementitious composite as an alternative binder with minimum environmental impacts to improve durability and insulating performance of mortars.Pozycja Open Access Insight into the microstructural and durability characteristics of 3D printed concrete: Cast versus printed specimens(Elsevier BV, 2022-07-16) Sikora, Pawel; Techman, Mateusz; Federowicz, Karol; El-Khayatt, Ahmed M.; Saudi, H.A.; Abd Elrahman, Mohamed; Hoffmann, Marcin; Stephan, Dietmar; Chung, Sang-Yeop; Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Reactor Physics Department, Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, 13759 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Women Branch, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt; Structural Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura City 35516, Egypt; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Building Materials and Construction Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of KoreaThis study presents the comparison of microstructural and durability characteristics of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) depending on its production method (printing or casting). Printed samples with different numbers of layers, as well as a cast specimen with an identical mix composition, were produced and compared, with their microstructural pore and solid characteristics quantitatively and qualitatively investigated. For this purpose, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) were utilized to evaluate the microstructures of the 3DPC. In particular, quantitative approaches using micro-CT data were newly proposed for a better understanding of the microstructural characteristics of 3DPC. Moreover, their durability-related characteristics and transport properties, including freeze-thaw and thermal resistance, were examined and compared. Despite noticeable differences between the microstructures of the printed and cast specimens, including their anisotropic and inter-layer porosity and heterogeneity, confirmed by MIP, SEM and micro-CT, no significant differences in the transport (capillary water porosity and water sorptivity) or durability-related properties (frost and thermal attack) were found. This was due to the dense and homogenous microstructure of 3DPC, which is attributable to the high binder content and low w/b of the mixture. Moreover, the newly proposed evaluation provided reasonable quantitative and qualitative characteristics, which can be used to demonstrate and predict the material properties of 3DPC.