FPUTS seria Agricultura, Alimentaria, Piscaria et Zootechnica, 2016
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Pozycja Open Access Segetal flora of the plantations of virginia fanpetals Sida hermaphrodita (L) Rusby in Łobez commune (West Pomerania)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Bacieczko, Wanda; Borcz, Agnieszka; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThis paper presents the results of the investigation of the segetal flora accompanying the Virginia fanpetals crops in Łobez Commune. The purpose of this research was the identification and ecological analysis of weeds recorded in two plantations of the species cultivated for biomass energy production. The origin of the weeds was also determined, based on their geographical-historical classification. As a result, a total of 106 vascular plant species were recorded. The number of species was different in both plantations depending on the fertilising manner. The first plantation which was fertilised with industrial effluents from the starch factory “Przedsiębiorstwo Przemysłu Ziemniaczanego Nowamyl” in Łobez, was characterized by lesser diversity of the segetal weeds (42 taxa) than the second plantation, which was not fertilised (95 taxa). Both plantations were dominated by perennial species (78 taxa), which were twice as numerous as annual plants (28 taxa). In both plantations weeds were mostly represented by ruderal species of the Artemisietea vulgaris class and segetal species of the Stellariete mediae class. Apophytes were the most numerous historicalgeographical group in the flora (78 taxa – 73.6% of the flora), whereas non-synantrophic spontaneophytes were rare. Archaeophytes were the most numerous species (16 taxa) amongst the anthropophytes – most of them were the weeds of cereal crops and root crops. Inboth plantations also the American neophytes were recorded: Solidgo canadensis, Conyza canadensis, and Erigeron annuus, which are classified as invasive species in Poland.Pozycja Open Access Oxygraphic evaluation of activity of respiratory enzymes in boar's semen(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Kopczyński, Piotr; Lasota, Bogdan; Ogoński, Tadeusz; Stankiewicz, Tomasz; Gaczarzewicz, Dariusz; Skolmowska, Magdalena; Department of Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Biotechnology of Animal Reproduction and Environmental Hygiene, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinIn the article advantages of the use of oxygraphic method for metabolic examination of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes in boar spermatozoa were described. Investigations were performed on semen samples taken from 36 boars of 4 breeds, at the age from 8 to 40 months. All samples of semen characterized at least 80% content of motile spermatozoa. The rate of oxygen uptake was measured with the use of Clark type electrode connected with analog-digital recorder. Measurements were executed in temperature 37°C, and the rate of oxygen uptake (v) was expressed in nmol O2 · min–1 per 108 spermatozoa. The values of oxygen consumption rate after application of succinate (vs) and PMS (vp) made up the basis of analysis. The results show that the method of oxygraphic evaluation of spermatozoa movement system described in the paper makes possible the precise investigation of the spermatozoa respiratory chain status and enables selection of boars with the best parameters of semen. This method can be taken in consideration at semen examination in the course of boar's selection for the AI stations, after boar's reproductive disease, in periodical semen tests and also when taking decision about the boar's elimination.Pozycja Open Access Health-promoting properties of poultry meat in the context of diseases of civilization(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Woźniak, Eliza; Banaszewska, Dorota; Biesiada-Drzazga, Barbara; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry and Small Ruminant Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe nutritional value and health-promoting properties of food are of increasing importance to the contemporary consumer. This is due to greater awareness of the link between diet and certain diseases of civilization. Consumption of meat and meat products, due to their nutritional and functional properties, can both cause and to some extent prevent diseases of civilization. Poultry meat, valued by consumers for its unique properties, is worthy of attention. It is an excellent source of easily assimilated, complete protein of high nutritional value. In comparison with other kinds of meat, poultry meat is easy to digest and less tough after cooking, because it contains fewer collagenous fibres. It also has fewer calories due to its low content of intramuscular fat. Poultry meat can be included in the diet of small children, pregnant women and elderly individuals, serving as an important source of protein and easily assimilated fat. Moreover, there is some evidence that its health-promoting properties may include reducing the risk of overweight and obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers, e.g. of the mouth, oesophagus or stomach.Pozycja Open Access Comparison of growth, bulbs yield and nutrient content of Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt., E. bicolor Baker and E. comosa (Houtt.) Wehrh. grown in a greenhouse as pot plants(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Salachna, Piotr; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinEucomis species are a relatively new pot plants with potential for expansion. The aim of the study was to compare the growth, flowering, bulbs yield and macronutrients content of three species: Eucomis autumnalis, E. bicolor and E. comosa. The experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in a greenhouse. The bulbs were planted in 18 cm diameter pots containing a deacidified peat, supplemented with a fertilizer Hydrocomplex. Of all the species tested, E. autumnalis had the least leaves, flowered earliest and produced the highest number of adventitious bulbs. E. bicolor had the highest number of leaves, produced longer and wider inflorescences and the least number of adventitious bulbs as compared to the other two species. E. comosa was characterized by the largest diameter of adventitious bulbs and the highest potassium content in the leaves. The analysis of the macronutrient composition of three Eucomis species showed that the leaves contained more nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium than the bulbs.Pozycja Open Access Morphometric study of the uterus of lowland European Bison Bison Bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Olbrych, Katarzyna; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Max, Andrzej; Szara, Tomasz; Departament of Mofphological Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Departament of Mofphological Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa; Departament of Small Animal Diseases whit Clinic, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warszawa; Departament of Mofphological Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, WarszawaDespite successful restitution in Poland, European bison still belongs to endangered species. The aim of study was to describe the morphology of the uterus of European bison and to perform morphometric analysis of the organ as well as to compare findings with available data on domestic cattle. The material consisted of female genital organs obtained from 55 females living in the Białowieża Forest. The animals were divided into two age groups. Group I consisted of 36 sexually immature females, while group II comprised 19 sexually mature animals. Significant differences were observed between the two age groups. In young female uteri, except cranial parts of horns, lay in the pelvic cavity. In older animals, most of which have already given birth, uteri were bigger, therefore only a distal half of the cervix was located in the pelvis, while the rest of the organ stretched to the abdominal cavity. Generally, the uterus of the European bison is similar to that organ in domestic cows, however some differences were specified, may be related to a different lifestyle.Pozycja Open Access Colonization of selected rose varieties by pests and pathogens(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Adamska, Iwona; Dzięgielewska, Magdalena; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe occurrence of pests and microscopic fungi on roses in the “Rożanka” City Garden in Szczecin was investigated in the years 2014–2015. Rosa thea hybrida (varieties ‘Alchymist’, ‘Aspirin Rose’, ‘Blaze Superior’, ‘Carina’, ‘Die Welt’, ‘Fairy’, ‘Flamingo’, ‘Flammentanz’, ‘Gloria Dei’, ‘Goldstern’, ‘Ingrid Bergman’, ‘Mr Lincoln’, ‘Muttertag Orange’, ‘Santana’ and ‘Sommerwind’), R. x centifolia (‘Petit De Holand’ variety) and R. rugosa were selected for analysis. Species composition and colonization degree by pests and by fungi were evaluated. Colonization degree depended on the rose variety, observation date and presence of other biological factors. An antagonism between pests and microscopic fungi was detected. R. ‘Ingrid Bergman’ was a variety least inhabited by pests and fungi.Pozycja Open Access Alport syndrome – a rare kidney disease of domestic dog Canis lupus familiaris(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Kania, Agata; Gruszczyńska, Joanna; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Grzegrzółka, Beata; Mikuła, Małgorzata; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life SciencesAlport syndrome is a rare, hereditary renal disease which is the result of a lack of one chain of type IV collagen (α3, α4, and α5). Type IV collagen is a basic structural component of the glomerular basement membrane. Alport syndrome has been reported in humans, mice and domestic dogs. Mutations in COL4A3 and COL4A4 genes are both of recessive and dominant type; however, the most common mutations in COLL4A5 gene are linked to X sex chromosome. These mutations render the synthesis of (α3, α4, α5) chain impossible, thus the resulting type IV collagen does not have its proper structure and filtration of plasma is impaired, leading to progressive renal insufficiency and failure. With the current state of medical knowledge the only therapy, delaying the pathological processes, is limited to dialysis and kidney transplantation. This paper presents information on symptoms of Alport syndrome, as well as genetic basis and molecular effects of mutations causing the disease. It also offers dog breeders some advice, based on the available literature, in order to facilitate making the right breeding decisions.Pozycja Open Access Preliminary study of the toxicity of rainwater runoff from the roofs with varying coverage(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Jędrzejczak, Małgorzata; Institute of Environmental Engineering and Building Installations, Lodz University of TechnologyAt present the urban rainwater runoff is considered as one of the main sources of water pollution. The basic load of the contaminants comes from transport infrastructure and some of them have a strong toxic effect on living organisms. An additional source of toxic substances in the urban runoff is rooftop wastewater. Because of variety of roof coverings, a large amount of different chemicals is released into the wastewater that can cause environmental poisoning and degradation. This study investigated the toxicity of rainwater runoff from the four types of roofs: coated with copper, zinc sheet, with tar paper and cement-asbestos sheets to the freshwater crustacean Daphnia magna Straus. Samples were taken during four independent rainfalls in March and April 2015. The study used the first part of runoff with the greatest concentrations of contaminants. Toxicity was determined by the designation of parameters 24hEC50 and 48hEC50 by Probit and the Graphical Interpolation methods. If the low toxicity of the sample did not allow to determine the EC50 parameter, the parameter EC10 was calculated. Toxicity of runoff from rooftops was compared with the toxicity of rainfall collected directly, without rinsing any surface. It was found that runoff from the roof covered with copper sheets shows the greatest toxicity to Daphnia magna (average 24hEC50 was approximately 0.17%). Runoff from the roof of zinc showed less toxicity (24hEC50 approx. 25.6%), but because of the prevalence of zinc and the galvanized sheet covering, the importance of this metal in toxicity of urban rainwater can be much greater than copper. The smallest toxicity to crustacean has been found for asbestos covering. Rainwater collected directly showed no toxicity to the test organisms.Pozycja Open Access New localities of the rare species Monotropa hypophegea in West Pomerania(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Bacieczko, Wanda; Borcz, Agnieszka; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThis study presents new localities of Monotropa hypophegea L. – a species rare to Poland and to West Pomerania. They were recorded in the Barlinek-Gorzow Landscape Park, in the vicinity of the Płonno village, which is situated eastwards, 6 km away from Barlinek. They occur in the mixed forests that belong to the Forest Inspectorate of Barlinek, in the forest sections: 705f, 708b, 709a, and 709b. Population of this species comprises over 300 specimens.Pozycja Open Access The influence of fertilisation urea phosphate on growth and yielding bush of two highbush blueberry cultivars (V. Corymbosum)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Kozos, Karolina; Ochmian, Ireneusz; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinAn interest in highbush blueberry cultivation is growing in the world. An increase in the demand causes high prices of fruits. The success of cultivation depends on providing soil with a low pH value to the plants. The study specifies the influence of different doses (30 and 60 kg N · ha–1) of physiologically acidic urea phosphate (17.7% N, 44.6% P2O5) on the growth and yield of highbush blueberry shrubs. The studies were carried out at the Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, at a production plantation specialized in the cultivation of highbush blueberry. The bushes were planted in soil classified as sandy silts with the content of organic matter at 4.1–4.2%. The following parameters were measured in autumn: the height of the bushes, the length of one-year growths, the number of one-year shoots growing on roots, the green index, leaf area and yield, fruit weight and firmness. The use of urea phosphate influenced the increase in the yield and size of fruits of both highbush blueberry cultivars, it did not, however, influence the increase in the height of bushes and the length of one-year shoots. It stimulated the plants to produce shoots growing on roots and the formation of larger leaves with a higher green index value as compared to unfertilized plants.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of the effect of the order of calving, calf sex and milk yield of cows on growth parameters of limousin calves(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Wróbel, Agnieszka; Cioch, Cioch; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was taken in the farm located in West Pomerania province where Limousine cattle in purity of breed were kept. The study included a total of 226 Limousine calves in purity of breed, which were born between 2011 and 2014. Data relating to the rearing of calves were obtained from breeding documentation carried out on the farm. Aim of work was to analyze the effect of order of calving, calf sex and milk yield of cows on growth parameters of Limousin calves. Analysis showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01) impact of subsequent calving on birth weight of calves. Calves born in the first calving achieved a significantly lower birth weight (32.4 kg) than calves born in next calving (2–4) (respectively, 36.5 kg, 37.3 kg, 37.9 kg). In the case of weaning weight and daily gains were found significant differences (P ≤ 0.01) between bulls and heifers. These factors in bulls were: 267.3 kg and 1093.3 g, while in heifers, respectively, 256.3 kg, 1048.7 g. There has been a significant impact of milk yield of cows on weaning weight and daily gains of calves. Calves whose mothers were characterized by higher milk yield (> 2000 kg) gained respectively 268.3 kg weaning weight and daily gain 1000.5 g. In the group of calves whose mothers were characterized by a lower milk yield (1501–2000 kg), these factors were respectively 244.8 kg and 993.2 g.Pozycja Open Access Soil conditions and plant communities on the summit, the slope and the depression on the edge of west Oder(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Malinowski, Ryszard; Department of Ecology, Envinronmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Kutyna I., Malinowska K., Malinowski R. (2016). Soil conditions and plant communities on the summit, the slope and the depression on the edge of west Oder. Folia Pomer. Univ. Technol. Stetin., Agric., Aliment., Pisc., Zootech., 328(39)3, 123–158. doi 10.21005/AAPZ2016.39.3.1237 relevés were made in the area of West Oder western edge located between the village of Moczyły and the hamlet of Kamionka. Geobotanical study was conducted in three elements of the terrain. 17 relevés were made on flat tops of the edge with cereal cultivation, 11 on the southern and southeastern slope within long-term fallow, and 7 in the depression (with triticale cultivation). 4 outcrops were made along the transect from which samples were taken in order to determine basic soil parameters (grain size distribution, pH and CaCO3 content). Lathyro- -Melandrietum noctiflori segetal community was distinguished on the summit and it was internally diversified into the typical variant as well as Anthemis tinctoria and Melampyrum arvense. The slopes are inhabited by floristically rich Convolvulo arvensis-Agropyretum repentis phytocoenoses. It is characterised by species diversity resulting from the process of community transformation, which occurs on the slope of the habitat during secondary succession. Poo-Tussilaginetum farfarae phytocoenoses develop at the footslope (in the depression), which is characterised by different ecological conditions compared to the slope and the summit. With the use of phytoindicational properties of plant species and Ellenberg’s method the following mean values were determined: thermal relations of the habitat (T), humidity (W), pH of the soil (R), content of nitrogen (N) and biological activity of the soil (G). The warmest are the habitats on the slope (T = 2.5) and on the summit (T = 2.3). In the depression, the habitats are very cold (T = 1.8). The driest soils are those of the summit and the slope (W = 3.5). In the depression the soils are periodically wet (W = 2.4). The pH of the soil on the summit and the slope is alkaline (R = 4.2) and in the depression it is neutral (R = 3.8). The content of N in the soil of the summit and the slope is similar (N = 2.8–3.3), and slightly lower on the slope (N = 2.7) which is due to the loss of humus caused by surface water erosion occurring on the slope of the hill. The results obtained with this method are very close to the soil parameters obtained with analytical soil science methods.Pozycja Open Access Effect of calcium peroxide on oxidoreductase activities in soil contaminated with gasoline and diesel oil(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Stręk, Michał; Telesiński, Arkadiusz; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology SzczecinThis paper presents the study on assessment of the effect of calcium peroxide on activity of chosen enzymes: dehydrogenases, catalase and o-diphenol oxidase in soil contaminated gasoline or diesel oil. Laboratory experiment was carried out on loamy sang with Corg content 8.7 g ・ kg–1. Into soil samples different combinations of gasoline or diesel oil (at the dosage of 50 g ・ kg–1) and calcium peroxide (at the amounts of 100 and 200 mg ・ kg–1) were added. Samples were adjusted to 60% maximum water holding capacity, and they were incubated for four weeks in tightly closed glass containers at temperature of 20°C. In soil treated with CaO2 and petroleum products, soil oxidoreductase activities were measured on days 1, 7, 14 and 28. Soil contamination with gasoline decreased in all oxidoreductase activities, while contamination with diesel oil increased in dehydrogenases and caused slight changes in catalase and o-diphenol oxidase activity. Effect of CaO2 on oxidoreductase activities in soil uncontaminated and contaminated with gasoline and diesel oil proved diversified, and depended on enzyme, incubation time, type of petroleum product and calcium peroxide dosage. Application of CaO2 in soil contaminated with petroleum products caused mainly stimulation of dehydrogenases and catalase.Pozycja Open Access Epigenetics of reproduction(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Czubaszek, Magdalena; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Banaszewska, Dorota; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry and Small Ruminant Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesEpigenetic research offers a significant opportunity to understand the role of environmental interactions on the genome and disease, while enabling modulation of these interactions in order to improve human health. Knowledge of both genetic and epigenetic changes is essential for identification of functional gametes and for fertility treatment. Future studies in both human and animal models may enable better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between altered DNA methylation in the sperm cell and infertility. It is currently unclear whether methylation defects found in the DNA of infertile sperm are primary or secondary defects. An understanding of what underlies DNA methylation disorders will be important for the development of successful fertility treatments. While epigenetic research will unquestionably expand our knowledge of general genetics, it is mainly valued for its innovative and comprehensive approach to molecular diagnostics and is directed towards clinical procedures.Pozycja Open Access Effect of application of enzymes to broiler diets containing rapeseed cakes on performance and postslaughter results(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Banaszkiewicz, Teresa; Biesiada-Drzazga, Barbara; Department of Tourism and Recreation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Breeding Methods and Poultry and Small Ruminant Breeding Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of application of xylanase or xylanase and phytase to diets containing rapeseed cakes of ‘Kana cv.’ on performance, carcass traits, physico-chemical parameters of meat and bone and digestibility of diets. Experiment 1 (growth trial) was carried out on 90 one-day-old broilers Ross 308, which were divided into three groups. The chickens were fed diets that contained 15% (starter – 1–21 days) and 20% (grower – 22–42 days) of rapeseed cake. The control diet (RC) for first group was without enzymes, diet for second group RC(X) contained enzyme preparation with endo-1,4-β- xylanase at the level of 0.3 g ∙ kg–1 (min. 1000 FXU/g). The third diet – RC(X + PHY) contained xylanase and enzyme preparation contained phytase in the amount of 0.35 g ∙ kg–1 (min 2500 FYT/g). At the age of 42 days, six chickens from each group were slaughtered. In the experiment 2 (on 60 broilers) the digestibility of diets from the experiment 1 on broilers at 3 week of life (starter diets) and at 5 week (grower diets) was carried out. Obtained results showed the tendency to increase of body weight and decrease of feed conversion after application of enzymes to the wheat-rapeseed diets. Less content of skin with subcutaneous fat in carcasses of broilers fed diets with enzymes, significant in simultaneous introduced xylanase and phytase, and increase of protein content in leg muscles was stated. Simultaneous introduced of xylanase and phytase (non significant) increased the digestibility of total phosphorus in grower mixtures and the crude ash and total phosphorus contents in bones.Pozycja Open Access Characterization of selected techniques of maceration bones of Gallus gallus domesticus(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Kempa, Kamila; Kulawik, Mirosława; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Jakubowski, Mikołaj; Skubis, Jacek; Koczoń, Piotr; Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Anatomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw; Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Organic and Food Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, WarsawFive carcasses of domestic hens Gallus gallus domesticus were starting material for this study. Three carcasses were thermally treated to obtain all parts of skeleton. One set of initial material was placed in water solution of washing powder i.e. Persil®, second one was placed in 5% hydrogen peroxide water solution, the third one was dried in room temperature. Fourth was enzymatic macerated in washing powder solution Persil® of the temperature 50°C. The last one was macerated chemically with use of 3% sodium hydroxide solution. The conductance and effects of procedures applied were evaluated. Results showed boiling to be the shortest and enzymatic process to be the longest procedure to prepare bones of desired quality. Bright material was obtained after both boiling and whitening in 5% hydrogen peroxide and enzymatic process. Chemical maceration produced brown elements of skeleton, however joints remained undamaged. Yet, enzymatic maceration was accompanied with unpleasant odour. The selection of procedure to obtain skeleton depends mainly on desired use of final product as well as the technical capabilities.Pozycja Open Access Biology and parasitology of european beaver (Castor fiber L. 1758) – selected issues(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Sikorowski, Karol; Niemiec, Tomasz; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Makarski, Mateusz; Bartyzel, Bartłomiej J.; Paśko, Sławomir; Koczoń, Piotr; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Division of Animal Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences,; Department of Morphological Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Virtual Reality Techniques Division, Warsaw University of Technology; Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life SciencesBeavers are known as biggest rodents leaving in Europe and North America. Two species are included in beaver family: eurpoean beaver (Castor fiber, L.1758) and candian beaver (Castor canadensis, Kuhl 1820). In ancient times beavers existed in whole Europe and in the part of Asia, while their population in Europe decreased systematically from IX century on due to extensive hunts. Consequently, in the end of XIX century only few beavers groups existed in Europe. Within after second world war Poland numerically 130 specimens of European beaver were present. Since then on active protection of this species has started including many environmental programs. It resulted in systematic increase of beaver specimens. Currently beavers came back to their previous regions and some new regions are occupied as well. Their amount reaches over 89000 specimens. This manuscript presents detailed structure of beavers body and their physiology allowing to leave In both water and on land. Beavers natural feed, digestive track, digestive process are described as well. Issues related to reproduction and bringing up are described too. Natural predators are presented. Inside and outside parasites with their action are presented.Pozycja Open Access Factors affecting development of pioneering psammophilous Dune vegetation on Przytorska Sandbar (Nature 2000 site „Wolin and Uznam” PLH320019)(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Wróbel, Mariola; Kowalski, Wojciech W. A.; Department of Botany and Nature Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Botany and Nature Protection, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe influence of selected environmental factors on shaping sandy beach habitats as a place for the growth of psammophilous and halophilous plants were the purpose of a research performed in the years 2013–2014 on Przytorska Sandbar (Natura 2000 area „Wolin and Uznam” PLH320019). The research was performed on a beach section, which was excluded from recreational use, and closely bordered with the external port basin of the Liquid Natural Gas terminal under construction, where also the abrasive influence of storm surges had been diminished. Research results indicated a dominant influence of aeolian sand material accumulation in shaping embryo dunes inhabited by pioneer species of psammophilous and halophilous plants - Elymus farctus subsp. boreoatlanticus and Honckenya peploides – species characteristic of the plant association of Honckenyo-Agropyretum juncei R.Tx. 1955, identifying the natural habitat of the initial stages of coastal white dunes (habitat code: 2110), the parts of which had been observed in the research area as a classically shaped form. The presence of Ammophila arenaria and Leymus arenarius creating initial forms of grassy vegetation association of Elymo-Ammophiletum indicated a proceeding stabilisation of embryo dunes – evolving into a foredune. A strong sea accumulation of sand material and simultaneous decrease of abrasive storm-tide influence enabled the development of an ecologically and geographically foreign species Salix daphnoides, diasporas of which were located in the area of lower beach.Pozycja Open Access Selenoprotein P gene (SEPP1) as a selenium marker concentration(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Korpal, Agnieszka; Woźniak, Katarzyna; Terman, Arkadiusz; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology SzczecinIn these days having a right balanced diet is known to be one of the most important factors conditioning health of a person. Healthy eating should be based on two paralelly important elements: correct diet and high food quality. The quality of food is characterized by the high level of substances having positive effect on an organism, that is vitamins and mineral supplements (macro- and microelements). One of the essential trace element is selenium. Selenium is a component of the unusual amino acids selenocysteine and selenomethionine. Both of them are part of the proteins, the so called selenoproteins, which play a crucial role in a human health. It is confirmed that over 95% of the people living in Poland are lacking selenium in their diets. The shortage of selenium could be reduced by ensuring its supply in appropriate diet intakes. From the earliest times, meat is a basic nutritional component for humans. Pork, among other types of meat, has the highest consumption percentage in Polish population. Searching for polymorphisms, which occur in genes coding for proteins crucial in meat quality, is one of the most common research nowadays. One of the important protein is selenoprotein P (SeP). Considering all the above, it seems to be essential to detect functional polymorphisms in selenoprotein P gene. Obtained data will allow in the future for animal selection of a preferable genotype, with a naturally higher selenium content.Pozycja Open Access Quantitative reduction of feedstock biomass as a result of conversion in anaerobic digestion in agricultural biogas plant(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2016) Grudziński, Michał; Pietruszka, Arkadiusz; Department of Pig Breeding, Animal Nutrition and Food, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of study was the estimated quantitative analysis of anaerobic digestion substrates and products, and estimation of feedstock biomass reduction level in agricultural biogas plant located near a pig fattening farm in West Pomerania, Poland. The biogas plant runs two-stage, continuous, thermophilic anaerobic digestion with maize silage and pig slurry from pig farm as a substrates. Quantitative data regarding daily feedstock input, digestate output, and produced biogas from 6 months were collected. The data were statistically analysed in terms of the law of conservation of mass. It has been found, that biomass of digestate was statistically significantly reduced relative to feedstock biomass of 11.86% (p < 0.01). The amount of reduced biomass is not statistically different from the amount of produced biogas, whose mass is 10.21% of the feedstock. This means that observed reduction of biomass was a result of conversion to biogas only, and the installation is working hermetically under the law of mass preservation. Anaerobic digestion, in addition to other benefits, reduces amount of pig slurry due to conversion of biomass to biogas. It has ecological importance, especially in pig industry.