Wydanie 334(42)2 2017
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Pozycja Open Access Influence of glycolysis process on the formation of meat quality parameters(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Woźniak, Katarzyna; Korpal, Agnieszka; Terman, Arkadiusz; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinDevelopment of technologies for pork production has to take into account the changing tastes of consumers, who are now attach great importance to the quality of raw material. The quality of meat is not easy to define, because it is characterized by a number of physicochemical and sensory parameters. A feature having a positive effect on these parameters is the content of intramuscular fat (IMF). The content of IMF influences on glucose metabolism, and thus is inextricably linked to the glycolytic pathway. The first step of glycolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme hexokinase that participates in the irreversible glucose phosphorylation reaction. One of the hexokinase isoforms occurring in skeletal muscles and muscle tissue is hexokinase 2 (HK2). Due to the role of HK2 as a leading glycolytic enzyme in insulin-sensitive tissues, polymorphisms of the gene encoding this protein can affect its function. Therefore, the gene HK2 has been selected as a candidate gene for pork quality characteristics.Pozycja Open Access Variability of the incidence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in the grain of wheat, depending on soil tillage system and cultivar(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Weber, Ryszard; Pląskowska, Elżbieta; Department of Weed Science and Tillage Systems, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Wrocław; Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesThe aim of the present work was to analyse the variability of the incidence of Fusarium species and mycotoxins in the grain of wheat, depending on wheat cultivar and soil tillage system. The experimental factors included: 1. Soil tillage system: conventional system (Conv.), two non-ploughing (NP) systems, one of them using disc harrow (NP/dh), the other one using cultivator (NP/c); 2. Winter wheat cultivars (‘Muszelka’, ‘Ostka Strzelecka’, ‘Kohelia’ and ‘Satyna’). The grain of the winter wheat cultivars tested was more susceptible to Fusarium infections under both NP tillage systems, compared to Conv. tillage system. In the Conv. system the grain of the investigated cultivars had shown very low mycotoxin content. In contrast, under NP systems and despite of the one-year interim period in cereal cultures, the zearalenon concentrations had amply exceeded the current maximum levels set by the EU. Within the NP/dh system, the grain of ‘Satyna’ cultivar was found to be highly contaminated with deoxynivalenol. Significant concentration of this mycotoxin was also detected in the grain of ‘Kohelia’ cultivar coming from the plots tilled with cultivator (NP/c). The analyses of zearalenone content in the grain harvested from the NP regime plots had revealed concentrations of the compound several times beyond the maximum limits set for crops, and this was particularly true for the cultivars ‘Kohelia’ and ‘Satyna’. On the contrary, cultivars: ‘Muszelka’ and ‘Ostka Strzelecka’ were characterized by lower degree of grain contamination with mycotoxins.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of the variability of registered cases of lyme disease among workers of private agriculture in west pomeranian voivodship(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Stawicki, Tomasz; Department of Engineering the Agrotechnic Systems, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe analysis of incidence to Lyme disease (Borreliosis) in West Pomeranian Voivodship within 2005–2014, in particular with taking into consideration the cases of Lyme disease diagnosed as an occupational disease among the persons providing work in individual agriculture, has been executed pursuant to the epidemiological data obtained from the sanitary stations. In total, 46 cases of Lyme disease were found among individual farmers within the examination period and they were considered as an occupational pathology in the form of an administrative decision. The distribution of the number of cases of diagnosed occupational disease was characterised by the growing trend at the average growth of the coefficient of incidence to Lyme disease per year - 2.38 cases to one hundred thousand of the persons working in agriculture. The results obtained indicate the growing risk of occurrence of Lyme disease among the persons working in agriculture, however the interpretation of the estimated measures of exposure is not clear. It results from the fact that observed dynamics of the changes of epidemiological status may result from a real growing of the occupational exposure in agriculture (e.g. in the aftermath of environmental changes) and, which is more probable, from a cumulative synergy of the environmental factors, growing awareness of farmers and more effective medical diagnostics.Pozycja Open Access Changes in udder skin surface temperature of dairy cows caused by machine milking(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Soroko, Maria; Zaborski, Daniel; Grzesiak, Wilhelm; Parafiniuk, Mirosław; Modrzejewski, Andrzej; Department of Horse Breeding and Equestrian Studies, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław; Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Forensic Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin; Laboratory of Surgical and Emergency Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University, SzczecinThe aim of the present study was to indicate if machine milking significantly affects udder skin surface temperature (SST) to establish the most optimum time for SST measurement in mastitis detection. A total of 21 healthy Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and- White cows were used in the study. The thermograms were recorded from the rear and bottom of the udders in a milking parlour before and after milking in the same cows. Two geometric tools (circles and squares) available in a computer program were used to measure an average SST, its minimum, maximum and standard deviation. The mean value of the average temperature of circles was higher (P ≤0.05) before milking (36.48oC and 36.61oC for the right and left hind quarter, respectively) than after it (36.24oC and 36.09oC for the right and left hind quarter, respectively). Also, the mean temperature of squares for the left hind quarter was higher (P ≤0.05) before milking (36.58oC) than after it (35.88oC). There was only one significant difference (P ≤0.05) in the temperature (circles) between the left and right hind quarters (the range of the temperature after milking). Consequently, temperature measurement performed for potential mastitis detection should always be made at the same moment, as milking significantly affects skin surface temperature of the udder.Pozycja Open Access Changes in milking intervals following automatic milking system installation in selected dairy cattle herds in Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Sitkowska, Beata; Aerts, Joanna; Piwczyński, Dariusz; Wójcik, Piotr; Kolenda, Magdalena; Department of Genetics and General Animal Breeding, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz; Lely East Ltd, Lisi Ogon; Department of Genetics and General Animal Breeding, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice near Krakow; Department of Genetics and General Animal Breeding, University of Science and Technology, BydgoszczOnly a limited number of studies looking into the impact of milking intervals on milk yield in cows milked in automatic milking system (AMS) have been conducted. The purpose of this study was to analyse changes in milking intervals in selected dairy cattle herds over a period of 2 years following AMS installation. The material for the present study was collected in Poland from three dairy farms with Polish Holstein-Friesian cattle. Information concerning milking frequency, milking intervals, and milk yield was collected. The database on which statistical tests were performed 48.160 records. The relationship between herd membership and the time that elapsed since the installation of the robot was investigated using the chi-square test of independence. It was found that over the studied period of time the number of milkings per day changed. The lowest number of milkings was recorded in the initial period following AMS installation, when animals were still adapting to AMS. This study established that, regardless of herd and group of cows (primiparous or multiparous) the largest number of voluntary visits to the milking robot occurred 6–9 hours after the last visit, with 50% of cows using the robots during that interval. In all periods under study, the highest milking frequency (3.12–3.18) was reported in the herd with the smallest average milk yield per milking.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of changes in water management light soil following application of different tillage systems and forecrops(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Schiller, Marta; Podsiadło, Cezary; Stankowski, Sławomir; Pużyński, Stanisław; Michalska, Bożena; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin,; Department of Meteorology and Shaping Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was conducted in a static experiment established in 1993 in the Agricultural Experimental Station in Lipnik (near Stargard Szczeciński). Bi-factorial field experiment was set up in the perpendicular bands pattern of randomized sub-blocks in four replicates. Studied factor consisted of the farming systems used for winter wheat after different forecrops (faba beans, sugar beet). Analysed physical properties, shaping water management in light soil, changed depending on the previous crop grown and the amount of rainfall in the growing season. In years with larger rainfall deficits, the soil in the position after faba bean was characterized by a higher density, current humidity, and non-capillary porosity. It referred to the aeration porosity in the position after sugar beet. During years with less rainfall deficiency, the bulk density was increased after sugar beet, while non-capillary porosity decreased after faba bean. Giving up the plowing sowing for the benefit of plowless system or direct sowing modifies some physical properties of topsoils. There was an increase in bulk density and non-capillary porosity. Higher values of bulk density of the soil, listed on the objects, where the applied technologies without plowing, especially on light soils may promote the growth and development of plants commodities, including winter wheat.Pozycja Open Access The effect of selected factors on freshening milking efficiency in primiparous polish holstein-friesian black-and-white cows(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Pytlewski, Jarosław; Antkowiak, Ireneusz R.; Stanisławski, Daniel; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Animal Breeding and Product Quality Assessment, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Computer Lab, Poznań University of Life Sciences; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of TechnologySire origin as well as age and body weight of heifers at fertilization were shown to have a statistically significant effect on freshening milking efficiency in Polish Holstein-Friesian Black- -and-White primiparous cows. The highest milk yields during the freshening stage were recorded for daughters of bulls from North America and primiparous cows, which were fertilized as heifers aged 16 months and at body weight 475 kg. Most probably the high genetic potential of HF cattle from North America, exceeding European cattle in terms of milk yield, was connected with the longer period of their upgrading and in combination with the improvement of local production conditions ensured the most advantageous results. It seems that milk yield in the freshening period is affected by body weight and development of heifers rather than their age at fertilization. In order to reduce the rearing stage in young females it is recommended in that period to apply more intensive nutrition.Pozycja Open Access Temporal and spatial variability of heat load in Szczecin(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Mąkosza, Agnieszka; Department of Meteorology and Landscape Architecture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinOn the basis of hourly values of air temperature, relative humidity of air, wind speed and cloudiness, the dimensionless index of heal load (HL) was determined for two stations in Szczecin representing the very city centre (Piłsudskiego Street) and its northern outskirts (Łączna Street). The analysis of HL values for the period 2005–2010 demonstrates a pronounced spatial as well as temporal variability of biothermal conditions in Szczecin. It was found that regardless of the analysed time period, higher values of HL were recorded in the city centre than on the outskirts. The frequency of saving conditions (HL 0.931–1.185) in a year was, on average, 52% in the city centre and 44% on the outskirts. The toughening conditions (HL 0.811–0.930, 1.186–1.600) were recorded with the frequency of total 38% (Piłsudskiego Street) and 29% (Łączna Street). The least favourable biothermal conditions (HL ≤ 0.750 ≥1.750) with the greatest load on the human organism occurred only on 10% of days in a year in the city centre and 27% of days on the outskirts of Szczecin.Pozycja Open Access Soil conditions and xerothermic grasses communities within the western edge of the Oder in the vicinity of Szczecin(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Kutyna, Ignacy; Malinowska, Katarzyna; Malinowski, Ryszard; Paprota, Dariusz; Department of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Development, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Soil Science, Grassland and Environmental Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinBased on 29 relevés were made in the area of the edge of Western Oder (Ustowo– –Pargowo) two xerothermic grass associations were distinguished. Potentillo-Stipetum capillatae phytocoenon is internally differentiated into the typical variant and the one with a significant share of shrub communities with Rhamno-Prunetea. Apart from numerous species of xerothermic grasses, the structure of the association is formed by sandy grasses taxa with Koelerio glaucae- -Corynephoretea canescentis (Sedum acre, Festuca ovina and Helichrysum arenarium are particularly frequent). Patches of this phytocoenon are found both on soils poorly formed by erosion (SY) made of clayey sands and on typical eutrophic brown soils (BEt) formed of light loam. Adonido-Brachypodietum pinnati phytocoenoses form dense grasslands with the dominance of Brachypodium pinnatum and the grasses of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea (Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata) together with the significant share of shrub communities species with Rhamno-Prunetea. Patches of vegetation have developed mainly on typical eutrophic brown soils (BEt) formed of sandy loam and light loam. Typologically varied soils found on the slopes of the edge are characterized by alkaline reaction and a significant content of calcium carbonate. Southern and south-eastern exposition of the slopes and soil conditions are favourable for the occurrence of xerothermic and sandy grasslands. Frequent and numerous presence of shrub communities species (Rhamno-Prunetea) in some patches of both associations, as well as grasses of Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, indicate an intermediate stage in the succession toward the development of seminatural communities as well as shrub communities. In order to preserve the unique flora and the plant communities in the area it should be used extensively (grazing, mowing).Pozycja Open Access Comparison of propagation method in in vitro and in vivo condition of Lonicera caerulea L.(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Krupa-Małkiewicz, Marcelina; Ochmian, Ireneusz; Smolik, Miłosz; Ostrowska, Krystyna Maria; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Horticulture, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of rooting of blue honeysuckle of ‘Wojtek’ cultivar in vitro. Moreover, suitability of different soil substrate for rooting the lignified herbaceous cuttings in vivo was evaluated. The process of disinfection was the decisive factor in the process of preparing the explants for the propagation. Among the disinfection solutions used for sterilization of ‘Wojtek’ microshoots, the best results were obtained after application of 10% NaOCl solution. Initiation and propagation of blue honeysuckle proceed with the highest efficiency in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, and no positive effect of BAP cytokine on this process was reported. Proper selection of composition of the medium guaranteed high performance of rooting of explants in vitro – lack of plant growth regulators (PGRs) in MS medium led to a decrease in the percentage of rooted plants. The addition of auxins to MS medium had a stimulating effect on plant height, length, and number of roots. In the greenhouse, four-node lignified cuttings in the medium prepared with perlite and peat were rooted with the highest performance. Rooting of lignified herbaceous cuttings in the substrate prepared with peat and perlite stimulated the development of the root system as well. The worst influence for rooted cuttings was observed in sand.Pozycja Open Access The polymorphism C9681T in the prolactin receptor gene and functional traits of dairy cattle(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Kowalewska-Łuczak, Inga; Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study analyzed the polymorphism of single nucleotide substitution C9681T (A536V) type, located in exon 10 of prolactin receptor gene. The study was conducted in a herd of cattle of Polish Holstein-Friesian breed of black and white variety. Identification of genotypes of individuals was performed using PCR-RFLP. The study stated the following frequency of C9681T polymorphism alleles: C-0.81 and T- 0.19. TT genotype was not identified in the analysis. Statistical analysis showed that the CC genotype cows were characterized by higher milk yield as compared with cows with the heterozygous genotype, and the latter were characterized by a longer calving interval. The results were not confirmed statistically.Pozycja Open Access Analysis of equine feeding systems in selected equestrian centers and stables(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Janocha, Alina; Kryszak, Katarzyna; Różewicz, Marcin; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Management, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe aim of the study was to study the expertise and awareness of Polish horse owners in terms of equine nutrition and prevention of gastrointestinal tract problems, as well as to overview the applied feeds. Knowledge on the structure and functioning of equine digestive system and digestion processes is essential if we want to plan good nutrition schemes, especially for sport horses. Having a profound knowledge on horse feeding and nutrition, the owner may avoid many problems with the horse’s fitness and reduce the risk of digestive disorders. Horses are animals that basically feed on pasture. However, the work they perform for humans, which is associated with intense physical activity, requires additional energy and nutrients. Most difficult is the nutrition of performance horses, which requires proper determination of energy needs at the given level of training load, as well as adequate mineral-vitamin supplementation that will meet the needs of the horse. The entire consistent nutrition system should be treated with utmost care and consideration, since it is the key factor influencing the health status of the horse.Pozycja Open Access Varieties, seeding standards and crop protection as factors affecting the content of microelements in spelt winter wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta L.) grain(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Hury, Grzegorz; Gawęda, Dorota; Haliniarz, Małgorzata; Department of Agronomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in Lublin; Department of Herbology and Plant Cultivation Techniques, University of Life Sciences in LublinThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of crop protection and seeding standards on the contents of microelements (iron, zinc, manganese, copper, nickel, cadmium, lead) in grain of two spelt varieties: Polish ‘Rokosz’ and German ‘Schwabenspelz’. The field experiment was conducted in Czesławice in 2014–2015 at the Experimental University of Life Sciences in Lublin. Experiments were established on lessive soil developed from loess classified to II bonitation class. Material for analysis consisted of winter spelt grain. Three factors were compared during the study: first factor – winter spelt varieties, second factor – two seeding standards, third factor – crop protection. The content of four micronutrients: iron, manganese, zinc and copper in winter spelt grain was differentiated by varietal factor. Compared varieties did not differentiate the amount of nickel in winter spelt grain. The ‘Schwabenpeltz’ cv. was more abundant than ‘Rokosz’ cv., which was mainly due to clearly higher iron concentration in the grains of German variety. The weight ratio of Fe : Mn in winter spelt grain of ‘Schwabenspelz’ cv. was 2.7, which may indicate a lack of manganese while excess of iron. Increasing the plant density resulted in a statistically proven reduction of iron, manganese and zinc contents in winter spelt grain, and it had no effect on abundance of spelt grain with respect to copper and nickel. The results obtained in the experiment showed no significant effect of the crop protection method on microelements contents in winter spelt grain with the exception of copper. The use of herbicides at increased rate reduced the amount of copper below 3 mg Cu ⋅kg–1 DM.Pozycja Open Access Dogs' aggressive behaviors Part II. Body postures, sequence of actions(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Horoszewicz, Elżbieta; Galas, Justyna; Smolnik, Kinga; Niedziółka, Roman; Sweklej, Edyta; Piwowarczyk, Piotr; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Cattle, Sheep and Milk Evaluation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesRecognizing the signs of aggression in dogs is closely related to the capability of distinguishing the signals which the dog sends to the other individual. In the second part of this article, we will take a closer look at the character of particular signals and actions elicited by the signals. We also focus on how to evaluate and predict aggressive actions in dogs, so that the owner can be better prepared to interactions with the dog and to properly understand its intentions.Pozycja Open Access Changes in the level of calcium, zinc and copper in the serum of horses in relation to the feeding season(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Górski, Krzysztof; Jania, Bartosz; Andraszek, Katarzyna; Department of Reproduction and Animal Hygiene, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities; Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory LAB-WET, Warszawa; Department of Animal Genetics and Horse Breeding, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and HumanitiesThe correct concentrations of biological elements allow biochemical processes to proceed normally, and thus enable the proper functioning of the organism. The aim of the study was to determine characteristics of the mineral metabolism of horses raised in a region characterized by mineral deficiencies as a basis for evaluating their diet. Ten horses were selected for the study (5 mares and 5 geldings), all kept in similar conditions. The horses were used for recreation and sport. The study was conducted in two periods: after the pasture season (end of November 2015) and at the beginning of the pasture season (end of May 2016). Blood was collected from the jugular vein into sterile test tubes without coagulant. The evaluation of the concentrations of copper and zinc in the blood serum of the horses revealed substantial deviations from physiological norms. The serum concentrations of Cu and Zn were below the lower reference levels. On the basis of the study it is difficult to conclusively state which factor is decisive in determining the content of calcium, zinc and copper in the serum of horses over the course of the year. It seems likely that the serum concentrations of these elements may be determined by their content in the horses’ feed. Therefore it would be advisable to supplement the supply of copper and zinc in the feed ration in both the summer and winter seasons. Moreover, further research should be conducted in the region to determine the supply of copper and zinc to horses.Pozycja Open Access Body condition of male farm mink (Neovison vison) during a mating season(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Felska-Błaszczyk, Lidia; Dziadosz-Styś, Małgorzata; Ławrów, Natalia; Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Laboratory of Animal Anatomy, West Pomeranian University of Technology, SzczecinThe study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between the body condition of males of farmed mink (Neovison vison) and their behaviour as well as mating performance. The observations involved 170 males of Pearl mink. Before the the breeding season, males were assigned to three groups according to their condition: Group I – very thin, Group II – thin and ideal weight, Group III – heavy and obese. On the completion of the mating season, the following reproductive indices were analysed: number of days in mating, number of matings per day and during the entire mating season, fraction of males that failed to mate, incidence of aggressive behaviours. Statistical analysis did not reveal significant differences in the mean number of days in mating, total number of matings or daily number of matings. Male condition score has a significant effect on the behaviour of the animals. The highest rate of aggressive behaviours, 16%, was observed in groups I and II, i.e. in very thin, thin and ideal weight animals. Males of group III, i.e. overweight and obese, showed one half of aggressive behaviours, about 8%. A different pattern was seen in fur chewing, since none of thin or ideal-weight males (Group II) did chew its fur. Only very thin (Group I, 2%) and obese males (Group III, 4.17%) chewed their fur. Group I comprised the lowest fraction of males that failed to mate, about 6%, compared to approx. 10% in Groups I and III each.Pozycja Open Access The use of genetic markers in the fight against mastitis(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Czerniawska-Piątkowska, Ewa; Lukomska, Joanna; Bortacki, Paweł; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin; Sano-Modern Animal Nutrition Limited Company, SękowoThe purpose of the paper was to characterize mastitis, present different methods of treatment and prevention of emergence of mastits. Conventional methods include hygiene during milking and after it, the cleanliness in the barn, the use of vaccines and antibiotic therapy. Traditional methods have proven to be too time consuming and costly, therefore, one has started research on genes that may be responsible for mastitis. The MAS method uses genetic markers to select animals with higher resistance to mastitis. This technique is designed not only to improve the health of cows, but also to increase productivity of milk, which is important for the breeding aspects. Lactoferrin and BoLA gene were presented as candidate genes for genetic markers against mastitis, due to their bacteriostatic properties.Pozycja Open Access Trees of Taxodiaceae family cultivated on different stands in Wrocław(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2017) Bąbelewski, Przemysław; Pancerz, Magdalena; Krężel, Jan; Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Department of Horticulture, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesTrees belonging to Taxodiaceae family are rarely grown in Polish climatic conditions due to their origin from the warmer regions of the world. The aim of this study was to develop the nutritional status of trees of family Taxodiaceae growing in the Wrocław areas, which have preserved characteristics of the primeval riparian and broadleaved forests, as well as on the anthropogenically transformed stands. In 2013 in the Wrocław area were localized 3 sites of Japanese cedar where 3 trees were found to grow. Dawn redwood grown on 2 sites, total 9 trees. Six sites of baldcypress were noted, where grown 11 trees. Despite the differences in chlorophyll content and nutrients content, none of the trees showed visible nutrient deficiencies. This results indicate that trees of family Taxodiaceae can grow on the greeneries of Wrocław city.