Wydanie 351(52)4 2019
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Pozycja Open Access Drug Resistance of Pseudomonas spp. Strains Isolated from Water Reservoirs and Sewage Treatment Plants in Szczecin(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Wrzecińska, Marcjanna; Student Research Group of Microbiology, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Physiological Chemistry, West Pomeranian University of Technology in SzczecinThe increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics has become a global problem. Among 12 most alarming bacteria, the WHO recognized carbapaneme-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa as resistant to carbapenems as a critical threat. These bacteria can cause nosocomial infections and are common in the natural environment, including in water used as bathing beach. For this reason, effective detection is necessary to prevent infections more effectively. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance of representatives of Pseudomonas genus isolated from the environment. Water from reservoirs located in Szczecin and an one sample of activated sludge were examined. Seven strains were selected for further studies. The basic physiological and biochemical characteristics of the genus Pseudomonas along with antibiotic resistance were examined. Mobility was assessed on Swarm Agar (Caiazza et al. 2005) and confirmed under phase-contrast microscope. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain resistant to aztreonam was discovered among the isolates. Studies have shown that water reservoirs that are used for recreational purposes and water intake may be a reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria, including a carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Detection of these microorganisms could serve as a marker of water contamination that would prevent Pseudomonas infections and decrease the spreading of this bacteria among people and animals.Pozycja Open Access Methanogenesis and Synthesis of Volatile Fatty Acids in the Rumen of Cows and Their Changeability Under the Influence of Ensiled Plants Additives(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Mikołajczyk, Katarzyna; Pecka-Kiełb, Ewa; Zachwieja, Andrzej; Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences; Department of Cattle Breeding and Milk Production, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life SciencesThe aim of the research was determining the influence of select silages used in cow breeding on the production of methane and volatile fatty acids in the rumen digesta in the in vitro study. The rumen digesta for the experiment were obtained from 10 Polish Holstein-Frisian cows of black and white variety with a probe. The sampled digesta were then diluted in buffer solution and homogenized. To prepare fermentation samples, the digesta were placed in serum bottles with 1 g of supplementary substrates: I – corn silage, II – grass silage. The bottles were then flushed in CO2 and in vitro fermentation was performed at 39oC for 8 and 24 h. After the fermentation, the amount of fermentation gas was measured and the general concentration and profile of VFA were determined using a gas chromatograph (Agilent Technologies 7890A GC System). The research determined the influence of corn and grass silages on the production of methane in the cow rumen, the synthesis of VFA and the changeability of particular VFA fraction shares in the process of in vitro fermentation. The use of grass silage decreases methane production in the fermentation of rumen digesta. Corn silage used as a substrate in the fermentation of ruminal fluid increases propionate and butyrate production. The obtained results suggest that the use of grass silage reduces methane production in the rumen digesta of cows, but because of changes in the proportion of propionate and butyrate it is necessary to supplement the cow feed with grass silage as well.Pozycja Open Access Slaughter Value of Polish Landrace Fatteners from Farms in Central-Eastern Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Radzikowski, Daniel; Sieczkowska, Halina; Kalińska, Aleksandra; Gołębiewski, Marcin; Ostaszewska, Urszula; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Department of Animal Breeding, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland; Faculty of Agrobioengineering and Animal Husbandry, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, PolandThe aim of this work is to evaluate the slaughter value of porkers from individual farms in the same producer group located in central-eastern Poland. The research was conducted on 322 fatteners of the Polish Landrace breed. The research material was classified according to two research factors: supplier and season of the year. One group of fatteners was slaughtered in the autumn (September–October) and the second in spring (April–May). The studied population of fatteners was characterized by high meatiness at an average level of 58% and average hot carcass weight of 89.99 kg. All carcasses were classified as the highest classes of the SEUROP system: 29.81% as class S, 51.86% as class E and 18.32% as class U. A statistically significant influence of supplier was found for hot carcass weight, thickness of the longissimus dorsi muscle at M1, and slaughtering efficiency. A statistically significant influence of slaughtering season on hot carcass weight and back fat thickness at points S1 and S2 was also found. Pigs slaughtered in spring were found to have a lower hot carcass weight and thinner back fat than those slaughtered in autumn. The interaction between supplier and slaughtering season was found to be statistically significant for hot carcass weight, meatiness, thickness of the longissimus dorsi at M2, and thickness of back fat measured at S1. The obtained research results indicate the high slaughter value of porkers kept in individual farms within the same producer group, and that the pork obtained from these pigs meets the requirements set by the meat industry and consumers.Pozycja Open Access Ichthology, Breeding and Economic Importance of Rainbow Trout in Poland(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Juszczak, Magda; Sawicki, Tomasz; Szymczak, Mariusz; Kamiński, Patryk; Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Poland; Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, PolandOne of the most well-known species of farmed fish in the world is rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In Poland, aside from rainbow trout, there are two more species: brook trout and brown trout, that have significantly lower importance. Adaptation features of rainbow trout, including high tolerance for varied nutrients and different environments, and low surface requirements, have allowed for effective breeding of this species. Breeding and husbandry takes place in ponds, which are adapted to size, quantity and the age of fish to ensure the best possible environmental conditions. Rainbow trout meat is a very good source of protein, vitamins, minerals, unsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids. In distribution, rainbow trout occur in various forms, both fresh fish, gutted, fillets and smoked fish.Pozycja Open Access Potential Application of Microalgae in Animal Production(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Zachodniopomorskiego Uniwersytetu Technologicznego w Szczecinie, 2019) Dobrowolska, Natasza; Krawczyk, Wojciech; Walczak, Jacek; Department of Production Systems and Environment, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland; Department of Production Systems and Environment, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, Poland; Department of Production Systems and Environment, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Balice, PolandThis article discusses the possibility of using microalgae in livestock production, with special reference to reducing harmful and noxious gas pollutant emission. Taking into consideration ongoing climate crisis the issue linked with reduction of gases from intensive animal production is a key important. Research shows that photosynthesizing properties of algae can be utilized for CO2 sequestration. Microalgae may be used as a method to reduces emissions of harmful gaseous components from natural fertilizers while enriching microalgae in N and P from manure or slurry. It is also worth noting that studies’ results show microalgae biomass may be used as a substrate for biofuel production and as a feed additive partly replacing cereals in animal diets. The possiblity of applying microalgae as a feed additive was confirmed in studies, where microalgal powder (MAP) was used in layer feeding. MAP – supplementation causes improvements in egg quality. Microalgae may be used as an alternative to fish oil in cows' diets, causing increase in content of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk. Another important use of the unicellular algal biomass in agriculture is biogas production. The aim of this article is to review and systematize the current state of knowledge on topic of the application microalgae in animal production.