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Pozycja Open Access Badania nad wpływem masażu na kształtowanie się wskaźników zdolności wydojowej krów(Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie, 1974) Brzozowski, Adam; Brzezińska, Maria; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji ZwierzęcejThree experiments had been performed to determine the indexes of cows milking capacity. For experiments used the milking apparatus type „Impuls”. The experiments were performed on 18 cows of lowland black-white breed during I to V lactation between 60 and 120 day after calving. Examined in all three experiments was the milking yield with application of 1.5 minute of massage before placing on the cups, after placing the cups on and without massage. Determinations were made on 8 milking indexes such as: total quantity of milk obtained; quantity obtained in mechanical milking; quantity obtained in hand milking; average milking output during 1 minute; relative milking output; index of udder. Methodical arrangement of experiments was varried in order to eliminate an influence of any other factors. The results obtained did not show any essential differences of the indexes in relation to various massage methods or in absence of massage. Despite the lack of essential differences, in major of parameters, the optimal results (above 10 to 16 possibilities) were obtained when milking with massage before placing the cups on. The indexes obtained in experiments were within lower limits cited in literature. This indicates to non-sufficient genetical developments of such features in examined population.Pozycja Open Access Badania nad wpływem masażu wymienia na przebieg procesu wydzielania mleka w czasie doju mechanicznego krów(Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie, 1971) Brzozowski, Adam; Gardzielewska, Józefa; Groń, Józef; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji ZwierzęcejIn the experiment carried out in 1969 at Lipki Experimental Station the massage effect was investigated on mechanical milking process, 24 cows of Friesian black-white race were milked with the apparatus of ’’Impuls” type for the quartemilking without massage and with applying one - minute massage before milking. The quantity of mechanically milked milk from every quarter, the quantity of hand after-bilked milk, the time of mechanical milking, The quantity of mechanically milked milk from every quarter, the quantity of hand after-bilked milk, the time of mechanical milking, the average and highest milk yield in minute as well as the udder index were determined. Significant differences inrespective parameters by milking with and without massage were not stated.Pozycja Open Access Badania nad wykorzystaniem pastwisk w żywieniu jałówek użytkowych i wolców(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Wyższej Szkoły Rolniczej w Szczecinie, 1971) Brzozowski, Adam; Trzeciak, Jan; Liszewska, Elżbieta; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji ZwierzęcejIn the years 1967 and 1969 in two experiments carried out at Barzkowice Experimental Station the pasture exploitation was investigated in feeding the usable heifers and steers for fattening. The methodical scheme of both experiments was nearly the same. In the first experiment 83 heifers and 5 steers were grazing on the pasture, in the second one 140 heifers and 10 steers. The animals were eating only the soilage, they did not get other forages. Pastures were evaluated by analytical and Scandinavian methods, the body weight s increments of grazing animals and the use silage for 1 kg increase were determined. After finishing the pasture period the steers were slaughtered and evaluated. In the second experiment water absorptiveness as well as fat and carotene contents were determined in the meat of steers. The hectare productiveness of better fertilized pasture in accordance with analytical method was 3976 oat equivalents in the first experiment, and 29О6 oat equivalents in the second one. The exploatation degree of pasture was about 70%. The utilization fluctuated in respective periods from 62 to 90%. The hectare burden of pasture was from, 170 to 1200 q. The mean daily body weight's increments of animals in respective periods were very different and ranged from 305 to 724 g. At first the steers, which were gelded before the beginning of experiment, had slightly lower increasethan the heifers and later on the same even higher ones. The soilage use for 1 kg increment fluctuated from 6,69 to 18 oat equivalents. The percentage soilage use for body weight's increase was from 35,17 to 48,84%, In the first experiment the increment of 666 kg was obtained from 1 ha of pasture in the second one - 275 kg. The mean slaughter effectiveness of steers was 52,42%. in the first experiment and 48,56% in the second one. The carotene content in meat was enough considerable.Pozycja Open Access Badania produkcyjności pastwiska w żywieniu krów w RZD Lipki(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Wyższej Szkoły Rolniczej w Szczecinie, 1967) Brzozowski, Adam; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Katedra Szczegółowej Hodowli ZwierzątВ 1963 и 1964 годах исследовано продуктивность пастбища расположенного на торфяной почве для крупного рогатого скота. Продуктивность с 1-го га, подсчитанная скандинавским методом, равнялась в 1963 году 1708 овсяным единицам, а в 1964 г - 1646 овсяным единицам. Начиная с июля, продук тивность пастбища обнижалаоь. Использование кормов на поддерживающее кор мление составляло около 60%. Переваримость органического вещества пастбищной поросли колебалась от 57 до 65^.Содержание жира в молоке под влиянием пастбищного кормления Ьначала повысилось, потом вернулось к прежне му уровню. Содержание белка увеличилось. На продуктивность пастбища отри цательное влияние оказывал низкий уровень грунтовых вод и недостаточное удобрение.Pozycja Open Access Badanie wpływu niektórych czynników na kształtowanie się zdolności wydojowej krów(Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie, 1975) Brzozowski, Adam; Syska, Maria; Kisielnicka, Helena; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej. Zakład Hodowli Zwierząt Przeżuwających; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej. Zakład Hodowli Zwierząt Przeżuwających; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej. Zakład Hodowli Zwierząt PrzeżuwającychExamined comparatively on 8 cows the indexes of milking capacity as influenced by such factors applied in milking technics as: 1.5 minuts massage and pre-milking, washing with cold and warm water in various sequence and arrangements. The experiment was repeated twice. Calculated the coefficients of correlation between the average and highest milking output during one minute, daily milking output and time of milking, heghest milking out - put in a minute and the relative milking, index of udder and the highest milking output in a minute and the time of milking. Whenever the coefficients of correlation were positive, calculated also the coefficients of regression. In first trial, the stimulators gave essential differences in average milking output in a minute and of relative milking. Essential correlation was only between the average and highest milking output in a minute (r = 0.82) and the coefficient of regression was b =92. In second trial, ух the highly essential differences were only in respect to average milking output in a minute. Essential correlations were between the average and highest r =0.94, regression coefficient b = 1,49, between the highest and time of milking r = 0,97 regression coefficient b^ = 4.38, between the highest and relative milking output r =0.92 regression coefficient b = 12.92.Pozycja Open Access Efektywność pastwiska deszczowanego w żywieniu jałówek rasy ncb, krzyżówki ncb x charolais i bezrasowych(Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie, 1975) Brzozowski, Adam; Rafałowski, Witold; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej. Zakład Hodowli Zwierząt Przeżuwających; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej. Zakład Hodowli Zwierząt PrzeżuwającychIn the carried out experiment, there was tested an effectiveness of the sprinkled pasture upon the feeding of ncb raced heifers, hybridization ncb X CHAROLAIS and raceless ones. On the area of 41 ha three times sprinkled/pasture fertilized with 530 kos of NPK/1 ha, there was grazing a flock of 170 heifers composed of 160 heads of ncb race, 5 of hybridization ncb x CHAROLAIS and 5 raceless ones. The heifers ate green forage only. No other was fed. The pasture was estimated by the analytic and Scandinavian method. An overgrowth of pasture was composed almost entirely of cock-foot (Dactylis)- about 90 - 95 per cent, which had a great dynamics of growth, and therefore was fed being of bigheight of overgrowth (25 - 35 cm). The productivity of pasture, for all period amounted 328 q of green mass (4555 oats units/ 1 ha. The nutritive value of green forage was low, 0,138 oats unit/1 kilo. The green forage contained a small amount of dry mass (18,5 per cent) of nitricloss exsractions (7,4 per cent) and fibre (4,05 per cent), and rather much of protein (50,5 per cent). For all period, an avarage daily increase of heifers'weight amounted 661 g, and consuming of oats units (1 kilo of increase - amounted 9,05. The highest increase had heifers of hybridization origin - 821 g and next of NCB raced ones. The lowest increase had the raceless heifers - 533 g. Differences were radical.Pozycja Open Access Ocena wpływu skarmiania zielonki z traw i lucerny przy różnym poziomie białka na wydajność mleczną krów(Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie, 1974) Brzozowski, Adam; Brzezińska, Maria; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji ZwierzęcejThe objective of this work was an evaluation of how the feeding of cows with green forage and with lucerne influences the milking output and the content of fat and protein in milk. Higher level of protein was considered for the group fed on lucerne. The experiment was performed in 1972 on 40 milking cows of neb breed; by analogue method, the cows were divided into two groups. The first group was fed on lucerne and the second one on green forage. The dozing of forage was based on energetic value (content of oat units) and framely corrected by the content of dry mass. Daily dozes of lucerne for the experimented period amounted in average to 83.8 kg and of green forage to 70.9 kg. In dry mass, the lucerne contained more protein than green forage by about 25%, while in units - by about 40% and more fibre by about 25%. The average consumption of the units and of dry mass for both groups, to produce 1 kg of milk containing 4% of fat, was nearly the same, while of protein was higher by about 40% in the group fed on lucerne. The coefficients of digestibility for organic substance of green forage were higher by 8.33% and the differences were highly essential, what was presumeably due to the lower content of the fibre. Between two groups, no essential differences were noted in milking output, fat and protein content in milk and information of the animals body weight.Pozycja Open Access Ocena wykorzystania pastwisk w żywieniu jałówek(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Wyższej Szkoły Rolniczej w Szczecinie, 1971) Brzozowski, Adam; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej WSRPasture exploitation in feeding the usable heifers was investigated in the experiment carried out in 1969 at Lipki Experimental Station. On the pasture lying on peat 60 1-2 year oldheifers of Friestian Blackwhite race grazing. Pasture evaluation was determined by nitrogen method. The hectare productiveness of pasture by analytical method was 3614 oat eguivalents, and 89% of exploitation degree. The utilization was form 70 to 90%, and the digestibility of organic matter 64-67%, the hectare burden of pasture was from 320-12700 q. The mean daily body weight's increments of grazing animals were from 130 to 750 g. The soilage use for 1 kg increment was from 7,22 to 17,95 oat equivalents, and the percentage use of soilage for the increment from 21,3 to 4G,4'3, The body weight increase of 307 kg was obtained from 1 ha of pasture. Costs of used soilage for increment of body weight were 4,28 zł.Pozycja Open Access Ocena wyników żywienia jałówek na pastwisku o różnej wydajności(Wydawnictwo Akademii Rolniczej w Szczecinie, 1973) Brzozowski, Adam; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie, Instytutu Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji ZwierzęcejDuring 197О-1971 the investigations were carried out in Experimental Farming Branch Lipki. The stock of 102-118 heifers of 1-2 years was feed ing on the pastures situated on a lean peat. The pasture was used by portioning method divided by application of electrical fences. Its output was evaluated by analytical and Scandinavian method. For 1 ha of pasture, the charge oscillated within 400-800 q during 1970 and 200 -150q during 1971. The output of 1 ha of pasture amounted to: by analytical method 2571 oat units (1970) 5958 oat units (1971) by Scandinavian method 2878 oat units (1970) 5586 oat units (1971). The utilization of pasture was within 55 - 100% and depended on the height of grass and on the area of daily portions. The digestions of organic substances of grass calculated by nitrogen method was between 69- 75%. The increased weight of heifers body out of 1 ha of pasture amounted to 257 kg in 1970 and 606 kg in 1971« Daily increase for each heifer amounted in average for the whole period 445 g in 1970 and 891 g in 1971« For each kg of body weight increase the consumption in oat units oscillated widely between 5-15 oat units. The heifers were not fed with any additional fodder during the whole pasture season.Pozycja Open Access Porównanie efektywności kiszonek z traw i kukurydzy w opasie buhajków(Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie, 1975) Brzozowski, Adam; Rafałowski, Witold; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej. Zakład Hodowli Zwierząt Przeżuwających; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej. Zakład Hodowli Zwierząt PrzeżuwającychCompared the effects of bulls fattening with two kinds of silage i.e. from grass and maize. The experiment had been carried out between 6.V.and 7.VIII.1974. The initial period was between 6.V. and 14.V. 24 bulls of Lowland Black-White breed, of the initial live-weight 263 kg, were divided by analogues method into 6 groups, each of 4 pcs; each group was given different food. I. group was fed with 22 - 23 kg of maize silage 2.8 - 3*5 kg of mash Bp II. group 13 -16 kg of maize silage 3.5 - 4.9 kg Bp III. group 29-31 kg of grass silage and 2.6 - 3.2 kg ІЦ; IV. group 19 - 20 kg of grass silage and 3.7 - 5.0 kg Bp V. group 14 - 18 kg of grass silage 3.7 - 4.9 kg of mash Op VI. group 12 - 13 kg of maize silage 4.6 - 4.8 kg 0?. The dozes of rich mash were standarized on two levels, i.e. 10 and 1.50 of animal weight. Average gains in weight of bulls in particular groups were: in I. group - 1151 g, in II. - 1336 g, in III. - 1013 g, in IV. - 11 55 g, in V. - 1203 g, in VI. - 1213 g. The differences were not essential. The consumption of cat units within particular groups for 1 kg of weight increase-was: in I. - 6.2, in II. - 4.8, in III. - 6.5, in IV. - 5,9, in V. - 5.4, in VI. - 5.7. The differences- were not essential. The bulls fattened with maize demonstrated higher gains and lower consumption of oat units per 1 kg of gain. Non-essential differences in gains.were probably due their high variety in groups.Pozycja Open Access Porównanie wpływu skarmiania zielonki z lucerny i z traw na wydajność mleczną krów(Wydawnictwo Akademii Rolniczej w Szczecinie, 1973) Brzozowski, Adam; Gardzielewska, Józefa; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie, Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Zwierzęcej; Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie, Instytut Hodowli i Technologii ZwierzęcejThe investigation was performed during the period between 25 V-51 ѴП 71 on 40 milking cows of lowland black-white race. The cows were divided in to 2 groups by method of analogues. The first group was fed on lucerne-green (75-100 kg daily each) and the second - on grass forage (75-90 kg). Daily rations of green forage were applied individually according to the requirement of dry matter. No other forage had been given. Daily determinations were made on the content of nutritive components chemically and on organic substance digestion by nitrogen method. Milking output of particular cows was determined daily and the content of fat and protein in milk - weekly. For 1 kg of milk, the group foddered with lucerne-green demonstrated lower by 10% consumption of oat units, but higher by 14% consumption of protein. The digestion of organic substance in green forage was more depended from the vegetation season than from kind of green forage. No essential differences between both experimental groups noted in milking output and in protein content, however, the cows foddered with lucerne-green demonstrated higher fat content in milk. The increase of body weight for the whole experimental period was in average for each cow by 10 kg higher in group foddered with meadow grass.Pozycja Open Access Próba standaryzacji ciężarów i niektórych pomiarów młodego bydła rasy nizinnej czerwono-białej(Akademia Rolnicza w Szczecinie, 1975) Brzozowski, Adam; Zambczyńska, Wanda; Instytut Hodowli i Technologii Produkcji Zwierzęcej, Zakład Hodowli Zwierząt Przeżuwających, Akademia Rolnicza w SzczecinieDuring 1971, an attempt was undertaken to standarize the weights and some measurements of young cattle Lowland Red-White breed in reproductive farming. Weighed and measured the cattles rumps, diagonal length of corp, depth of chest and circumference of the 1328 heiffers aged 3-28 months, of 124 bulls and 338 calves (non-geld) aged 3-18 months. Calculated the average weights and measurements for the particular age groups in monthly age spacing. The standards for weight and particular measurements were determined by parabollic regression method y = a + b_1 X + b_2 X^2 The correct arrangement of gain curves justified the application of parabollic regression. The calculated standards permitted to determine the formation of weights and measurements in relation to the age of animals. It ascertained that, the heiffers and bulls upto 3 months had higher rate of gain and from 3-12 months - lower, in comparison with Lowland Black-White breed. After 12 months, the rate of Lowland Red-White heiffers was higher. Comparing with Lowland Black-White heiffers, they were lower and shorter, but possessed more developed chests. The measuring rate of gain bulls was similiar. This may be indicating that the Lowland Red-White cattle mature rather later. The calves demonstrated lower measurements comparing with bulls for the whole period.Pozycja Open Access Wpływ różnych zielonek na wydajność mleczną krów w żywieniu oborowym(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Wyższej Szkoły Rolniczej w Szczecinie, 1967) Brzozowski, Adam; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Katedra Szczegółowej Hodowli Zwierząt20 коров, которые методом аналогии поделили на четыре группы, кормили зелёным кормом. Корм этот состоял: в I группе из 80% кукурузы и 20% подсолнечника, во>11 - из 80-91% подсолнечника и 10-20% гороха, в III - из кукурузы и в IV - из подсолнечника. Не установлено существенных разниц ни в продуктивности молока, хотя самую большую молочность отмечено в группе, которую кормили подсолнечником и горохом, на в содержании белка в молоке, ни в определённых нитроге новым методом коэффициентах переваримости органического вещества. Увеличилось только содержание жира в молоке в группах I, II и Іѵ.Pozycja Open Access Wpływ żywienia kapustą pastewną i różnymi kiszonkami na wydajność mleka krów i zawartość w nim niektórych sładników(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Wyższej Szkoły Rolniczej w Szczecinie, 1967) Brzozowski, Adam; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Katedra Szczegółowej Hodowli ZwierzątМетодом аналогии 16 коров поделили на 4 группы. Во II группе коровы кормили кормовой капустой (60 - 65 кг) и соломой; в I, III и Іѵ группах - люцерновым сеном (2-4 кг), промышленным комбикормом "В" (0,5 - 2,5 кг) и силосом (40 - 60 кг). В группе I силос был изготовлен из листьев сахарной свеклы, в III - из жома, в Іѵ - из листьев и жома. Результаты опыта показывают, что кормовой капустой можно заменить все другие корма при кормлении коров с продуктивностью до 18 кг.Pozycja Open Access Wpływ żywienia rożną ilością kiszonek i siana z lucerny na wydajność mleczną krów(Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Wyższej Szkoły Rolniczej w Szczecinie, 1967) Brzozowski, Adam; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Katedra Szczegółowej Hodowli ZwierzątВ опыте исследовано влияние скармливания разных норм люцернового сена, а также силоса, приготовленного из листьев сахарной свеклы и люцерны, на молочную продуктивность коров и на содержание жира и белка в молоке. Результаты опыта показывают, что замена сена силосом из свекловичных листьев и люцерны возможна в довольно широких границах (от 1,75 до 7 кг сена и от 10 до 60 кг силоса) без отрицательного влияния на молочную продук тивность. На содержание жира различные кормовые нормы не имели влияния. Содержание белка в молоке коров, кормленных большими нормами сена или силоса, снизилось.Pozycja Open Access Wstępne wyniki oceny pastwiskowego żywienia bydła na Pomorzu Zachodnim(Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie, 1964) Brzozowski, Adam; Wyższa Szkoła Rolnicza w Szczecinie. Katedra Szczegółowej Hodowli ZwierzątВ 1963 г. проведено в пяти производительных подрайонах Западного Поморья оценку пастбищ по скандинавскому методу. Пастбища выпасено скотом разного возраста (коровы, телки) применяя в большей части дозировочную систему. Подсчитанная производительность семи хозяйств колебалась между 1272 и 4011 овсяных единиц на 1 га. Месячные производительности повышались с мая до июня; начиная с июля, в большинстве'случаев, значительно уменьшались. Молочноая продуктивность у коров коррелировалась с этим являением. Результаты, несмотря на отрицательные атмосферные условия 1963 г., показывают на необходимость повышения уровня пастбищного хозяйства, что не останется без влияния на увеличение продукции молока у коров.